Discovery Channel Magazine - September 2014 In

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DISCOVERY CHANNEL MAGAZINE INDIA

FOOD FOR THOUGHT

BODY AND SOUL

Nobody loves food as much as

I do. What I eat doesnt only make

me the m an I am, it also defines

the person I am at di erent

points of the day. Food governs

my mood, my productivity,

confidence and motivation. Give

me a dark K it Kit and Ill give

you a listen, give me a Ferrero

Rocher Black, and Ill give you my

undivided attention... for a while!

I suspect its the same for a lot of others.

Even Virginia Woolf agrees: One cannot

think well, love well, sleep well, if one has

not dined well.

Imagine my plight, then, when I first

read this months cover feature. By 2030,

new research suggests that developing

countries will begin to run out of natural

grown food and future meals could bedeveloped in labs. They may be more

elaborate than tablets from sci-fi movies

and give us our nutrients, but the joy of

biting into a cheesy burger or mopping up

your favourite sauce with bread will all be

over. Ive always believed we eat for two

reasons: to refuel our bodies and satiate

our minds. Will eating without indulging

ever be eating at all?

My resident Argumentator, the astute

friend I call upon to argue subjects with

no definite answers, scoffed. If thats the

design of the future, accept it,she saidwith a practicality that I detest so lovingly.

When the telephone was invented,

old foggy-minded people like yourself

lamented the death of privacy,

and the joy of meeting an acquaintance

by chance.

I considered her response. (I know

better than to talk to her without thinking.)

And I realised that she was right. Instead of

maginfying the problem, lets celebrate the

solution. Turn to p58 for your dose

of unappetising truths that may be a bit

hard to digest.

Also this month, dont miss our

stunning photo feature on Arctic Travel,

and the intriguing story of five mythical

creatures that can scare bravehearts, but

science is not sure they exist at all.

This issue will indulge your mind, if notyour tastebuds. Thats a promise.

CHANNEL MAGAZINEINDIA

VOLUME 1 NUMBER 8

Discovery Channel Magazine reserves all rights t hroughoutthe world. Reproduction in any manner, in whole or part, inEnglish or other languages, is prohibited. Discovery Channel

Magazine does not take responsibility for returning unsolicited Media India Ltd. (Regd. Office: K-9, Connaught Circus, New Delhi Channel and the Discovery Channel logo are trademarks of DiscoveryCommunications, LLC, used under licence. All rights reserved. Magazine do not necessarily reflect those of Living Media India Ltd., & printed by Ashish Bagga on behalf of Living Media India Limited.

Subscription/Customer CareEmail: [email protected]: Mail:Discovery Channel Magazine India,

Editorial BoardPresident and Managing Director EVP and GM, South Asia SVP Content Group Kevin DickieVP, Marketing, South Asia

VP, Communications Charles YapVP, ProgrammingCharmaine KwanVP, Marketing Magdalene Ng

Editorial (Novus Media Solutions)Editor Luke ClarkDesign Director Richard MacLeanChief Subeditor Staff Writer Daniel SeifertPhoto Editor Haryati MahmoodSenior Designer Bessy Kim

Editor-in-Chief Group Chief Executive OfficerAshish BaggaGroup Synergy and Creative Officer

Editorial Director

Art Director Asst Art Director Rahul SharmaDesigner Kishore Rawat

Impact (Advertising)Group Business

Head ssociate Publisher

(Impact)Anil Fernandes

Senior General Managers Subhashis RoyGeneral ManagerShailender Nehru (Bangalore),General ManagerVelu Balasubramaniam (Chennai)

BusinessHead, CRM/CMS & Senior GMVikas MalhotraChief Manager, Operations GL Ravik Kumar

Marketing Managers Kunal Bag, Anuradha RanaProduction

News stand SalesChief General Manager DVS Rama RaoGeneral Manager - National Deepak BhattSr Manager - NorthManish ShrivastavaSr Manager - East General Manager - West General Manager - Operations Rakesh Sharma

DISCOVERY NETWORKS ASIAPACIFIC

EDITOR'S LETTER

amal Shaikh

Editorial Director

twitter.com/JamalShaikhinstagram.com/JamalShaikh


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4

FRONTIERS

STING THING

2

When it comes to delivering

venom in brutal, sneaky ways, the

animal world has us beat

NEWS

ALIEN 101

4

Both NASA and sci-fi writer

Michael Crichton agree: our first

date with aliens will be awkward

as heck

CHECKING IN WITH

THE COLOUR PRO

6

Jill Morton, colour

psychologist, fills us in on why

world peace might be just a colour

spectrum away

HISTORY

NON CIVIL WAR

8

War does strange things to men

like the time a major US battle

stopped so two soldiers could

engage in fisticuffs

THE M TCHUP

INVENTION WARS

22

This month, we ask: what s the

best invention ever?

D M

picks

apart the best concepts and ob-

jects known to man

CONTENTS

ISSUE 09/14

DEPARTMENTS

WOW 10 LOOK INTO THE EYES OF A

HUNTED JAY AS A SPARROWHAWK

REVELS IN ITS CATCH

THE GRID13 STORMS: IS THERE

A CORRELATION BETWEEN

THE GENDER OF THE NAMES

OF HURRICANES AND THEIR

INTENSITIES? TURNS OUT, THERE IS

SIZE OVER MATTER14WHO WOULD

IMAGINE A SPIDER EATING A WHOLE

FISH. TURNS OUT THESE SPIDERS

ROAM ALL THE CONTINENTS

HOT DOG 18IT WAS A DOG'S LIFE

WHEN TURNSPIT DOGS RAN IN A

WHEEL TO KEEP IT RUNNING SO THAT

THE MEAT WOULD COOK EVENLY

MASS PRODUCED 20THE LOWLY

SO P H S ITS MOMENT WHEN THE

ILK OF RONALD REAGAN ARE SEEN

ENDORSING THESE

CAMERA DESIGN A BLOCK OF

ALUMINIUM FOR A CAMERA? YES,

RECENTLY RELEASED LEICA T

CAMERA IS JUST THAT

TECHNOLOGY 22WE NEED

CLEVER UMBRELL S WITH

TRANSPARENT PATCHES TO SPOT

THE TRAFFIC

WHAT S ON102 YETIHUNTING IN

RUSSIA, MEDICAL CURIOSITIES WITH

TWIN HOSTS, AND THE COOLEST

MACHINERY IN THE WORLD

ALSO IN THIS ISSUE

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0

SEPTEMBER 201

FEATURESISSUE 09/14

PHOTO ESS Y

SUB-ZERO HERO

3

It took one travel photographer almost an

eternity to get to Siberia but it was all

worth it, as he got to shoot a dwindling way

of life, and some sneaky reindeer

MYSTERIES

BEASTS IN THE

SHADOWS

4

Yetis, nocturnal beasts, mega-sharks, the

Loch Ness Monster and ferocious Asian

crocodiles. Why do they all boggle the

mind, and pop up in sightings time and

again?

RESE RCH

FOODS TO EXPECT

58

Brace up for a paradigm shift in the foods

you are accustomed to. There could be the

creepy crawlies sitting there soon. Already

a restaurant in Paris is serving such

delicacies, or are they?

SCI TECH

BLAST OFF

7

Behind the scientific wizardry of modern

rocketry lies an even more intricate web

of interwoven human tales. Discover the

stories of the men with stars in their eyes

SEEKERS

WILDLIFE HANDLING

9

Meet the Canadian adventurer and

conservationist, Dave Salmoni, who

describes himself as a tiger tickler, lion

lover and adventure addict . The next time

you are faced with a dangerous animal in

the wilderness, you will be better prepared


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"In the wild, things oftenhappen so fast that by thetime you react, the moment isover," says photographer PlHermansen, who received acommendation in the WildlifePhotographer of the Yearcompetition for this image."So I practised pressing theshutter just before an attackbegan." By doing this, he wasable to capture a rare eventindeed the moment asparrowhawk caught anelusive jay.

Catching a jay isn't easy.

When feeding, they regularly

scan the sky for danger,

and at the slightest hint of

a threat will let out a loudrasping alarm call. So when a

pair of sparrowhawks started

to frequent a feeding station

in front of Hermansen's hide

in Dalen, Norway, he didn'timagine they would catch a

jay. What they did do, though,

was bring their young for

hunting practice. Time after

time their attempts failed, but

as the youngsters practised

striking, Hermansen was able

to practise his shooting skills.

On this occasion, hespotted the adult malesparrowhawk lurking nearbyand kept focused on the jayuntil the anticipated strike.Here, the precision andfear expressed in a split

second, barely registered

by the human eye, managesto capture the height of the

action the moment whenlife truly hangs in the balance.

HUNTER AND

THE HUNTED

PHOTO:PLHERMANSEN/WILDLIFEPHOTOGRAPHEROFTHEYEAR


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SEPTEMBER 201

WOW


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ISSUE 09 14

RONTI RS

The latest Angelina Jolie flickMaleficentsees her characterslipping a poisoned apple to dear, sweet Aurora. But, as a new

exhibition at the American Museum of Natural History shows,the animal world can be just as ingenious as cinematic queens

when it comes to delivering death. Think a pit viper and acobra kill in the same way? The video in conjunction with The

Power of Poison proves you wrong: a pit viper injects venom

through hollow teeth just like a hypodermic needle. Cobrateeth, meanwhile, are very groovy literally as venom drips

down their grooves like the scariest waterslide ever. Or takegila monsters, which force venom out of their jaws through

the force of their bite alone imagine chomping down on ahamburger and splurting all the (deadly, deadly) mustard out.

Then there are bee stingers, stonefish spines, jellyfish stingingcells, scorpion tails and even the duck-billed platypus, whichearn them the title of the only venomous mammal. Whatever

the creative delivery system, venom often lets tiny animalspunch well above their weight.

POISON POWER: NATURES CREATIVE

DELIVERY SYSTEMS


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SEPTEMBER 201

NEWS

ASIA-PACIFIC AMERICAS EUROPE MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA

PROOF IN THE

PUDDING

We now

know more than ever what

Neanderthals ate, thanks

to recent examination of

caveman poop from Spain. The

50,000 year-old samples are

the oldest hominid faeces ever

found. Analysis of metabolites

revealed they ate meat, but

a lot of plants too. Previous

analyses of Neanderthal teeth

had been less detailed, say

experts. You might say the

latter method is number two

in terms of accuracy.

TOMATO, TOM-ART-O

Does your salad look like

an abstract painting? Then

youll probably pay more

for it, says the Crossmodal

Research Laboratory at the

University of Oxford. The

team crafted several salads,

including one presented to

look like Kandinskys Painting

Number 201, and found that

despite each having the same

ingredients, participants liked

the taste of 201 better, and

would pay twice the price. Time

to get artistic with the lettuce.

DONT CAVE INDavid

Coulson has a mission

that takes him the length

and breadth of Africa:

documenting and preserving

its ancient rock art. The

British adventurer told The

elegr ph

that millenia-old

art should feature more in

local education. People have

suggested that the colonials

told many African societies

they had no history. There is

a real and sad disengagement

with this past that should be a

point of celebration and pride.

OH, SNAP

You are

legitimately allowed to be

terrified of the trapjaw ant.

True to its name, its fearsome

mandibles look like bear traps,

giving it the fastest self-powered

predatory strike in the animal

kingdom, moving at 2,300

times faster than the blink

of an eye. And, as residents

of the American South have

recently found out, theyve been

living there for years, virtually

undetected by science. Experts

say the creature is expanding to

Americas Gulf Coast.

AN IDEA WITH WHEELS

Its more of a utilitarian symbol

than a painting, sure, but the

global wheelchair sign for

disability is important. And

slightly derogatory, says New

York State, where lawmakers

want a more dynamic version of

the sign, featuring a wheelchair

in motion. The head of

Disability Rights UK agreed,

adding: the vast majority

of [disabled people] are not

wheelchair users. The chase

is still on for a sign that can

capture a range of disabilities.

RAIN, RAIN, COME AND

STAY

When the June to

September annual monsoon

season kicked o with weak

rainfall and sweltering heat,

it revealed the power that

rain can have. Stock prices for

many agricultural firms fell

a severe blow, considering

half of the our population are

involved in agriculture and

local governments extended

summer vacations at 57,000

primary schools and 18,00

secondary schools.

FEMME FATALES

Hurricanes named after females

make for deadlier storms.

Analaysing data from every

hurricane that has hit the US from

1950 to 2012, researchers found

that a hurricane with a relatively

masculine name is estimated

to cause 15.15 deaths, whereas

one with a more feminine one is

estimated to cause 41.84 deaths.

Why? In judging the intensity

of a storm, people appear to be

applying their beliefs about how

men and women behave.

PAINTINGS

STORMS

DISCOVERIES

PAINT BY NUMBERS

At 365 x 7.3 metres, its

over twice the size of an

NBA basketball court, and

thought to be the worlds

largest 3D painting. Chinese

artist Yong Yongchun drew

his eye-poppingly colourful

masterpiece on the grounds

of the Communication

University of China in

Nanjing, where it surpasses

the current record holder, a

work in London which is 106

metres long. It certainly puts

our doodles to shame.

ASIAS ANIMAL HAVEN

Myanmars decades of

military rule created many

hardships for the populace,

but proved a boon for local

flora and fauna. In the last

two years, a huge amount

of animals have been found

here, including new species of

dragon fish, frog and ginger.

These finds highlight the

need to invest in conservation

as well as business, says the

World Wildlife Fund. Some

environmentalists say there are

many more species to be found.

T H E G R I D

SECOND TIMES THE

CHARMIn archaeology

sometimes its not about

discovery so much as

rediscovery. Recently Spanish

excavators in the Egyptian

area of Luxor re-found an

ancient tomb. It had first been

discovered in 1904 but was

later abandoned forgotten

and buried by shifting sands.

Preliminary studies indicate the

tomb belongs to someone called

As-m-ra Ashemro who lived

around 700BC. It adds a new

name to the pharaohic history.

TRU GRITMovies like

Mission Impossible: Ghost

Protocol

which feature powerful

but harmless sandstorms can

paint a beautiful and exciting

picture. As well as giving Tom

Cruise the chance to do his

trademark run at speed. But the

freak sandstorm which h it Irans

capital in June proves otherwise.

The 120kph gusts blotted out

the sun cut power caused cars

to crash and toppled trees. As a

result 40 people were injured

and five killed.

A RECENT NEWS STORY FROM ALASKA CONFIRMS WHAT WE ALWAYS KNEW: BEARS ARE THE

NINJA CAT BURGLARS OF THE ANIMAL WORLD. BEAR FALLS THROUGH SKYLIGHT INTO PARTYEATS ALL THE CUPCAKES, READ ONE HEADLINE. THE BLACK BEAR LITERALLY CRASHED AONEYEAROLDS BIRTHDAY PARTY, AMBLED TO THE

FOOD TABLE AND SNARFED THE BIRTHDAY

TREATS. THE STUNNED PARENTS SHOOEDTHE BEAR AWAY BUT IT QUICKLY SNUCK BACK TOPEER MOURNFULLY THROUGH THEIR WINDOW, STARING AT THE BAKED GOODIES.

ear

Burglar

STRANGE AND SERIOUS EVENTS FROM ACROSS THE WORLD


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NEWS

CRAZY COSTS

NASA recently

released a free e-book

titledArchaeology,

Anthropology,and Interstellar

Communication, atext pondering how

mankind would

communicate with

aliens. Couched in

academic language so

dry it makes Yoda look

like Shakespeare, its

message boils down to

this communicating

with alien life forms will

probably be, like, really

hard. Because theyll

be, like, totally different

from us, yknow?For a far more provoc-

ative and exciting read,

we recommendSphere,

a thriller by Michael

Crichton. In the book,

a band of scientists find

themselves literally

out of their depth

when what appears

to be an alien craft is

discovered 300 metres

beneath the surface of

the Pacific Ocean. Now

the mathematician,

biologist, and

psychologist must try to

predict how to interact

with aliens.

A tricky problem,considering

most movies and

even scholarly

papers imagining

extraterrestrial life have

assumed very human-

centric values and

ways of approaching

the world. Something,

he writes, which is

obviously nonsense.

For one thing, theres

enough variation

behaviour to makeunderstanding just

within our own species

very troublesome.

How, for example,

would a Peruvian tribal

chief and a Russian

schoolboy even begin

to establish a dialogue?

Whats more, aliens

might assume a form so

different from ours we

could barely begin to

imagine it.

F NCY CH T

WITH ALIENS?Try starting with eruvian tribal

chief versus a Russian school boy

Quote Unquote

pider

Eats Fish

The creepy news: some species of spider can eat

prey twice their size. The creepier news: a recent

study finds these fish-eating spiders are present

on every continent but Antarctica.

Imagining Aliens inSphere

THE ESTIMATED VALUE OFTHE WORLDS ECOSYSTEMS,ACCORDING TO A NEWPAPER BY A TEAM OFECOLOGISTS, IN TERMS OFFOOD, RAW MATERIALS,CULTURAL USES AND MORE

US$142.7TRILLION THE AMOUNT IT WOULD COST TO BUYONE OF EVERY PRODUCT FEATURED

IN THE JUNE 2014 ISSUE OF THE USEDITON OF FASHION MAGAZINE VOGUE

US$343,000COST PER PORTABLE TOILET AT THISYEARS GLASTONBURY MUSIC FESTIVAL.ORGANISERS SAID THE SUPER LOOSSMELLED FAR BETTER THAN OLDER MODELS

US$34,000

PLEASE, TURN THE VOLUME DOWN!

Well, Barnes said, if this sphere contains a creature thatinterferes with our basic mechanisms what would thatcreature be like? It might produce a sound vibration that wouldresonate in our skeletal system and shatter our bones, Harrysaid I rather like that one.

PLANT KILLER

But, as usual, were only thinking of ourselves. The creaturemight do nothing directly harmful to us at all. It might simplyexhale a toxin that kills chloroplasts, so that plants could nolonger convert sunlight. Then all the plants on Earth would die

and consequently all life on Earth would die.

THE ULTIMATE GAME OF HIDE AND SEEK

This creature may be multidimensional, so that it literallydoes not exist in our usual three dimensions. To take thesimplest case, if it were a four-dimensional creature, we wouldonly see part of it at any time. That would obviously make itdifficult to kill.

HE GOT VERY OVEREXCITED. IT WAS

THE FIRST EVICTIONOF A CLASSICAL

CONCERTAUDIENCE MEMBER

BY ANOTHERMEMBER WEVE

FOUND SINCE THE18TH CENTURY.

TOM MORRIS

ARTISTIC

DIRECTOR OF

THE BRISTOL

PROMS

Classical concerts are notnecessarily thought of as the coolestof gigs. British artistic directorTom Morris wanted to change thatwhen he recently launched TheBristol Proms, an accessible andinformal set of concerts. Before aperformance of Handels Messiah,Morris pointed to the standingmosh pit and encouraged theaudience to clap or whoop when

you like, and no shushing otherpeople. But he wasnt anticipatingthe response of audience memberDr David R. Glowacki, a scientistfrom Stanford University. Glowackibegan to lurch from side to sideand whoop before attempting arather ambitious crowd-surfingmanoeuvre. Several miffed crowdmembers then proceeded to forciblyeject him from the crowd. Rock on.


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If you take a lighter blue on a $3 milliondollar printer, people arent going to take

pastel blue seriously. I mean some ofXerox's printers are as big as the freight

car of a train picture a sky blue printer ofthat size, my God.

I decided to ask friends and students: Ifyou could change one thing in the world

what would it be? Im amazed at how manypeople would change the colour of their

eyes. The goofiest answer was leaves: Idchange them to blue.

I admit that I have to work hard totransmute the negative in my daily life.

Every time I can find some humour, Iwin. Or as the old Quaker saying goes,

"It is better to light a candle than tocurse the darkness.

CHECKING

IN WITH

e catch up with the colour psychologist who gushes

about the shades that bring the world together

OLOUR EXPERTJILL MORTON

HER 30 SECOND THOUGHTS ON

FIRST INTERVIEWED INFifty Shades of Awesome: Inside theScience of Colour

INDUSTRIAL DESIGNHAPPY THOUGHTSWISHFUL THINKING

Teacher and colour

consultant Jill Morton has

helped some of the biggest

companies in the world

connect more strongly with

customers. Sometimes, it just

takes a tweak in the shade

of a product. But there are

a lot of things to consider

when it comes to why we like

or dislike a colour, she toldus. Cultural complexities

can make it impossible for

a multinational company to

find a single colour that suits

everyone.

As she revealed, she might

start a project by examining

the flags of a country,

because most countries

embrace those colours.

But in some countries, I

think Finland is one, the

flag colours are such a

respectable shade you neverput it on a product.

Recently, Morton has

been doing more pro bono

work, travelling to Pakistan

to conduct colour workshops

with students there. Is she

finding that the universal

language of colour can help

bring people together?

Absolutely yes! she says

happily. During the past

two decades shes realised

that colour is an experience

we all share regardless of

politics, religion, geography,

age. There are seven billion

people on the planet, and we

are all immersed in a colour

soaked world.

She adds that as an

American, she felt hercountry had not made

sufficient efforts to reach out

to the Muslim world. Her

workshops use colour as the

basis for interaction and

hopefully help to build some

bridges in the region.

Creativity, it seems, can

go a long way to linking

cultures, whatever their

flag. Its worth noting

that any design class

regardless of geography

is an ideal environmentfor students to express

personal experiences and

for a teacher to connect to

students on a personal level.


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The American Civil War 1861-1865)

still ranks as the bloodiest conflictin the countrys history. Over 650,000people lost their lives in bloody battles.But some skirmishes were strangerthan others. For example, the Fistfightof Saunders Field, when North andSouth stopped fighting for a fewconfused moments to watch two menbeat the stuffing out of each other.John Worsham of the 21st VirginiaInfantry was there that day, anddescribes how a Southern compatriot

dropped into a gully to escape fire.The problem was that the gully hadrecently been vacated by retreatingNorthern troops and one was stillin it. Having commenced to banter,the enemies decided that "they wouldgo into the road and have a regular fistand skull fight, the best man to havethe other as his prisoner. Sluggingit out in full view of their armies, thisduel soon brought this major battleto a standstill. When the two mentook off their coats and commencedto fight with their fists, a yell went upalong each line, and men rushed tothe edge of the opening for a better

view! Worsham recalls. In the end,the Southern fighter beat the Yankee,and both sides resumed firing!

oxing in

the Battlefield

USA USED 4.5

GIGATONSCHINA USED 6.6

GIGATONS

1901

20002011

2013

CHINA USED MORE

CEMENT IN THE

LAST THREE YEARS

THAN USA USED IN

THE ENTIRE

20THCENTURY

From the Middle Ages until the 19th Centu ry if you walked into

certain Europ ean kitchen inns youd see som ething surprising

a

vernep tor cur

Latin for the dog that turns the wheel. This

was the turnspit dog a small dog which ran in a wheel to turn a

spit over a fire, ensuring that meat would cook evenly

HOT DOG

This Victorian novelist came up with the most hackneyedstorytelling phrase ever, in his 1830 novel Paul Clifford. And

thats not even the full quote, which continues thusly in one longbowel movement of a sentence: The rain fell in torrents

except at occasional intervals, when it was checked by a violentgust of wind which swept up the streets (for it is in London

that our scene lies), rattling along the housetops, and fiercelyagitating the scanty flame of the lamps that struggled againstthe darkness. Still, Sir Edward did have another literary win:

The pen is mightier than the sword".

EDW RD GEORGE

EARLE BULWER-LYTTON

HISTORY

A CONCRETE ARGUMENT

uote

Unquote

Shakespeare

mentions them inThe Comedy of Errors, describing a characteras a curtailed dog fit only to run in a wheel.Dogs not belonging to the nobility were oftencurtailed (their tails shortened)

The Society of Prevention of

Cruelty to Animals (SPCA)was createdafter the founder witnessed the appallingconditions of the animals in an American

hotel kitchen in the 1850s

To train dogs to run faster, hot coals weresometimes thrown into the wheel

Turnspit dogswould have Sunday off, andsometimes join families at church to serveas foot warmers

It is thought the expressions, every dog hashis day and its a dogs life stem from theseoverworked living microwaves, (picturedabove, between the ham hocks)

18


IT WAS A

DARK AND

STORMY

NIGHT

HOWEVER, CHINA IS ALSO HOME TO DOZENS OF GHOST CITIES THAT

HAVE BEEN NEWLY BUILT, BUT REMAIN LARGELY UNINHABITED.ONE OF THE BIGGEST IS ORDOS, WHICH IS 98 PERCENT EMPTY. ONEDISTRICT, MEANT TO HOUSE ONE MILLION PEOPLE, CURRENTLY HASONLY 20,000 RESIDENTS

2 PERCENT POPULATION


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M SS

PRODUCED

What better way to make your kid

wash? Highlights include replicas of

Han Solo trapped in carbonite, cat

food scented soap, bars with fingers

(hand soap, gettit?), and for all you

Tyler Durden fans, pink bars with Fight

Club on them.

NOVELTY SOAP

You know, the kind of undersized

bar of soap you get in terrible hotels,

hermetically sealed in plastic that rips your

fingernails o . It takes all of eight seconds

before dissolving to the floor and collecting

nine kinds of b ody hair. Terrible.

TRAVEL SO P

ACCORDING TO THE GUINNESS BOOK OF WORLD RECORDS, THE FINNISHLANGUAGE IS HOME TO THE LONGEST KNOWN SINGLE PALINDROMIC WORD,MEANING THAT IT CAN BE READ THE SAME WAY BOTH FORWARDS ANDBACKWARDS. SAIPPUAKIVIKAUPPIASMEANS, RATHER PLEASINGLY, A TRAVELLINGSALESMAN WHO SELLS CAUSTIC SODA TO THE SOAP INDUSTRY. WE RE GUESSINGTHAT'S A FAIRLY RARE OCCUPATION. SOME GREEK AND TURKISH BAPTISMALFONTS BEAR ANOTHER PALINDROME: NIYON ANOMHAMATA MH MONAN OYIN,WHICH MEANS WASH THE SINS, NOT ONLY THE FACE. GOOD ADVICE.

Not only does it clean your hands,

it is added to glasses of beer in commercials

to make it froth more appealingly.

Detergent is also the second-most stolen

product in the USA crack addicts trade it

for drugs). Seriously!

LIQUID DETERGENT

4 5 6

MASSPRODUCED

SLIPPERY SO P

HOMEMADE

3

You just need lard, lye and w ater.

Some outdoorsmen have been known to

simply toss fine wood ashes into a

greasy frying pan after dinner. The lye in

the ash combines with the fat to make a

very crude soap.

First produced in 1789, this

opaque product is a clear soap with

a high level of glycerin, a compound

found in fats. Transparent soap is

also more gentle on the skin. Just

dont lose it in the bathtub or youll

be groping for hours.

TR NSP RENT

In his acting days, Ronald Reagan

did commercials for the powdered soap brand

or xo

. On the campaign trail, Californian

protestors hefted signs that blared, Wh o

wants Boraxo in Sacramento? That may be

only soap to you, Reagan told protestors, but

it was bread and butter to me.

ix clean machines have some gritty back

stories to share

POWDERED

The A Z Of

Cleanliness


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2

SEPTEMBER 201

ALTERNATIVE CAMERAGermanys latest photo kid on the block is this Leica T camera system.

Its body crafted from a single block of aluminium this mirrorless

camera is sleek and simple. Maike Harberts,product manager tells...

TECHNOLOGY

I liked the feel and weight

of the camera. How

important was that in

designing the Leica?What

we always try to achieve is a

seamless, exciting journey.

The first thing you see when

you see a product is what it

looks like. We try to excite

people with the design of the

camera. Next thing is the first

touch... that is excitementagain. And then you use

it exhilaration again.

When you see the results

overwhelming! Our aim is to

never disappoint at any stage.

One would like to have it in

your hands, because it is very

ergonomi

Nowadays the camera is

becoming less of a physical

object, with smartphones

and Google Glass becoming

popular. Whats your take

on that?I see it as a very

positive thing. There have

never been more people

taking images than today, and

thats because of smartphones

and so on. When I was

growing up, only dads took

images with their cameras.

Maybe enthusiastic nerds too.

Nowadays everyone loves totake pictures.

Does it get harder for a

photograph to shine with

billions taken every day?

The best image sometimes

is the one that just captures

the moment. But theres also

something about having a

beautiful shot. There was

a study a while back where

Why is it so easy to fly into

paroxysms of rage when yourprinter breaks? Well, errormessages like ERROR 67

DEFECTIVE FORMATTER PCAcertainly dont help. Their veryinhumanity make them easy to

blame. In Emotional Design: WhyWe Love or Hate) Everyday Things

Donald A. Norman notes that manhigh-tech systems, do not do a

very good job of gathering trust.They crash for no apparent reason

yet, they express no shame.Worse, he adds, they appearto blame us, the poor unwittingusers. Those cranky machines.

This goes double for road rage. Astudy into the link between gunmurders and road rage by the

Harvard School of Public Healthnoted that its easy for drivers toget mad at another car becausewe get territorial about our own

auto, yet cant communicate withthe jerk in the Volvo next door.Usually, when another drivermakes a mistake, it is often

difficult for him to apologise, tosignal excuse me in a way that

can be readily understood.The consequences, of course,can mean a deadly accident or

fisticuffs on the freeway. Why hasnobody invented an, Im terriblysorry! Hugs and kisses! horn

sound yet?

UNEDITED RESPONSES

TO A 2005 COMPUTER

RAGE SURVEY BY THE

LABORATORY FOR AUTO-

MATION PSYCHOLOGY

AND DECISION PROCESSES

I once shot a computer with a .50cal BMG sniper rifle

I sometimes put my handsaround my monitors neck

Throwing stressball at my scree(didnt help btw)

people had to pick just one

image out of hundreds. And

they always picked the one

with less depth of field. Thats

something that appeals to

people and makes images very

beautiful.

It was interesting seeing

the original Ur-Leica, the

1914 model, next to the 2014

Leica T. Theyre di erent

yet totally the same. What

will cameras look like in 100

years? Thats crystal ball stuff,

to be honest. Technology has

been skyrocketing. In a way, its

been too fast. You had records

in the old days, then CDs, and

now, only bits and bytes. Yet

sales of records has never been

so high, because people love

going back to stuff...100 years

from now? I have no idea.

Maybe something where you

can take photos with your eyes.

What are the design details

the holy grails that make

a Leica so recognisable?

The balance of a camera is

important. If you use a camera

and you like to hold it in your

hands, then you use it more,

and you get better. It shouldnt

be too light or too heavy, it

should be just right. Touch and

feel is always very important.

Like what? Like the

diameter of certain things.The proportion of width,

length and height. These are

very special ratios that we

always try to keep. And with

materials, we try to be as

authentic as possible. If you

see something that looks

like plastic, it shouldbe

plastic. If you see glass it

should beglass, and not some

fake imitation.


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22


INVENTIONS

TECHNOLOGY

ZIPPO

A quick-thinking bystander

relit the sputtering Sochi Winter

Olympic flame with his Zippo

lighter. And at least six people

have had their lives saved by bul-

letproof Zippos.

GOGGLE UMBRELLAS

How clever are umbrellas with

small transparent patches so you

can spot when youre about to

walk into tra c? Almost as clever

as entirely see-through umbrel-

las. Almost.

SLICED BREAD

Pre-sliced bread was only

invented in 1928. Inventor Otto

Frederick Rohweder w orked on

his bread-slicing machine for 15

years. Worryingly, his prototype

held slices with metal hat pins.

SPACES BETWEEN WORDS

Thisisamazing! Aerated script

writing with spaces between

words was only created by Irish

monks in the 7th century. Before

then scriptura continua was the

norm. As were migraines.

TEENAGERS

The word teenager was only

coined in 1921. The idea of teen-

agers as an accepted, prominent

social group really flourished after

WWII. Before then, you were

either a kid or an adult.

LY N

We o er our awed, undying

respect to the first cave-person

who could look at their lice-ridden,

toothless, sweat-stained signifi-

cant other and say, Darling, of

course you look gorgeous!

BODY BASED USB PORTS

Given that smartphone battery life

can now be measured in minutes,

it would be great if you could plug

an iPhone into your heart and

power it with your own b io-elec-

tricity. You know, like The Matrix.

A NEW SNACK

Preferably a combo that tastes

even better than chocolate and

peanut butter. Oh wait, it doesnt

exist because thats literally the

greatest thing that happened to

food since sliced bread.

SPACES BETWEEN WORDS

Aerated script also helped spread

the practice of reading silently,

which was not common before

then. Yet it took about five cen-

turies before spaced sentences

were the norm in Europe.

UNIVERSAL TRANSLATORS

Never again would we be caught

saying, soy embarazada to a

Spaniard, before being told it

doesnt mean, Im embarrassed

but, Im pregnant. That would

never have happened onStar Trek.

Its a Bird

Its a

Dolphin!OBJEC

TS

FLYBOARD

US$5,850What is it? A bolt-on

attachment that connectsto a jet ski and re-routes

the water jet through a longhose that connects to a pair

of jet boots

Maximum height Can reach

12 metres in the air or dive12 metres below water

Maximum speed kph

Suggested catchphrasewhilst using

I am Iron Man!

HOVERBOARD BY ZR

US$2,657What is it?

A water-propelled

surfboard that allowsits user to fly above thewater to realize multiple

freestyle tricks

Maximum height6 metres

Maximum speed.40kph

Suggested catchphrasewhilst using

Im hangin ten... feet up inthe air!

THE M ATCHUP: I N V E N T I O N S

SLICED BREAD

Its mind-boggling to think that

the phrase _____ is the greatest

thing since sliced bread was

first used in 1952 and just 24

years before that, sliced bread

wasnt even a thing.

CONCEPTS

FRENCH JET SKI CHAMPIONFRANKY ZAPATA HAS

DEVELOPED TWO NEWSPORTSCRAFT. BUT WHICH

ONE SHOULD YOU BUY?

N

O

T

N

V

E

N

T

E

YET

#SUPERTASTYLARGEANDINCHARGE

TEXASTOASTTWOHANDWICHMADE

WITHDELICIOUSONEHUNDRED

PERCENTWHITEMEATHANDBREADED

CHICKENTENDERSANDYOURCHOICEOFCLASSICORSPICYPAPASAUCE

EITHERWAYYOUCANTGOWRONG

WOWTHATSOUNDSGOODYOUNEED

TOTRYONEITSONLYAVAILABLEFORA

LIMITEDTIMEIMGOINGTOHAVETOGO

GETONEMYSELFAREYOUSTILL

READINGTHISSEEYOUATAANDW

UNIVERSAL TRANSLATORS

Heck, even something that could

decode urgent muffled train station

announcements would be good.

Hnnenn shnorf zzLZ! Translat-

ed: The train is delayed by ninjas

stealing conductors hats.

T

O

P

T

H

R

WINNERS


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FEATURES40 72


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2

SEPTEMBER 201

30

90

58

PAGE 30 WALK THROUGH THE

ENDLESS ARCTIC WILDERNESS

PAGE 40 CONFRONT THE

WORLD'S MOST FEROCIOUS

PAGE 58 TASTE THE FOOD OF

THE FUTURE

PAGE 72 MEET THE MEN WHO

MAN ROCKETS

PAGE 90HANDLE DANGEROUS

ANIMALS LIKE A PRO


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30


NOTHER

D Y IN

ETERNITY

THE EVENK PEOPLE

OF SIBERIA

RUSSIA

SIBERIA

EVENKS

THE EVENK ARE THE MOSTNUMEROUS AND WIDELY

SCATTERED OF THE MANYSMALL ETHNIC GROUPS OFNORTHERN SIBERIA, WHOSEMEMBERS CAN ALSO BEFOUND IN NEIGHBOURINGCHINA AND MONGOLIA.ALSO KNOWN AS THETUNGUS, THE EVENK SPLITINTO THREE DIFFERENTGROUPS, FOOT, REINDEERAND HORSE WITH EACHDEVELOPING A DIFFERENTDIALECT AND WAY OF LIFE

To gain an appreciation for the beauty and

weirdness of Mother Nature try spending a

day and night with a reindeer herdsman. Kiwi

photographer mos Chappleintroduces

Daniel Seifertto a remote corner of Siberia

carefully avoiding the yellow snow


31/108

THE REINDEER MAN

VLADIMIR BAGADAEV IN

THE WILDERNESS OF

NORTHERN SIBERIA

OPPOSIT SLEEPING

OUTSIDE IN TEMPER

ATURES OF MINUS 60

DEGREES CELSIUS IS

ROUTINE FOR VLADIMIR

HERE HE DEMONSTRATES

HOW HE BEDS DOWN IN

HIS SLEEPING POUCH TO

BEAT THE CHIL

ARCTIC LIFE


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32


HOOFING IT

KILOMETERS

THE APPROXIMATE

AVERAGE DISTANCE A

REINDEER WILL TRAVEL

BEFORE NEEDING TO

URINATE. THE FINNISH

LANGUAGE EVEN USES

THIS BLADDERBASED

DISTANCE AS A UNIT OF

MEASUREMENT: ONE

PORONKUSEMA IS

10 KILOMETERS

PHOTOS:AMOSCHAPPLE/REX

FEATURES/CLICK

PHOTOS


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33

SEPTEMBER 201

t is a place where

minus 60 degree

Celsius temperatures

frequently forcetruckers to leave

their engines on all

night long, just to

stop the diesel from

freezing. And where,

inevitably, trucks

freeze anyway, so you have to

thaw out the frosted machine

parts with a blowtorch. An

area where the nights and

days blend into such winteryoneness that reindeer actually

change their eye colour, in

order to see through the

darkness of gloom.

But for Vladimir Bagadaev,

this northern Russian

wilderness is his home and

office and these frigid

outdoor conditions are places

that, from time to time, he

sleeps in. The hardy member

of the Evenk tribe, a group of

indigenous people, spends

his life shepherding a herd of

about four dozen reindeer.

REINDEER BIOLOGY

DUE TO THE NEARTOTAL

LACK OF LIGHT DURING

SIBERIAN WINTERS,

REINDEER EYES ACTUALLY

CHANGE COLOUR AT

DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE

YEAR. IN THE SUMMER,

THEY ARE YELLOWISH

GREEN. IN WINTER THEY

TURN A BLUE COLOUR,

WHICH SCATTERS

INCOMING LIGHT AND

RESULTS IN BETTER VISION

THEIR NOSES ARE

DESIGNED TO WARM FRIGI

AIR BEFORE IT GETS TO

THEIR LUNGS

REINDEER HOOVES EXPAN

IN SUMMER TO ADAPT TO

SOFTER GROUND, AND

CONTRACT IN WINTER

SOME SPECIES HAVE KNEE

WHICH MAKE A CLICKING

NOISE SO MEMBERS OF

A HERD CAN FIND EACH

OTHER IN A BLIZZARD

VL DIMIR LETS

OFF ROUND

FROM HIS SOVIET

HUNTING RIFLE

FULL MOON RISING

BOVE HERD OF

REINDEER FEW

MINUTES FTER THEY

RETURNED HOME

FROM D Y FOR GING

IN THE FOREST

ARCTIC LIFE


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34


BAGADAEV S LOG

CABIN TAKEN BY

THE LIGHT OF THE

FULL MOON


FEATURES/CLICK

PHOTOS


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3

SEPTEMBER 201

His is a way of life thatdates back centuries, andthe only life that this gutsy

outdoorsman, now in his lateforties, knows. And lookingat the scenery surroundinghis office, its no wonderAmos Chapple, a travelphotographer from NewZealand, wanted to capturethis unique slice of his life.

At first, his idea camefrom another photograph.I had seen some images of areindeer herders' hut takenby a Croatian photographersome time ago, and had beenobsessed with finding theplace, Chapple tellsDiscoveryChannel Magazine. A friendhelped me to locate the place,then the locals made sure I gotout to Vladimir safely.

Getting out there wasan adventure in itself. Youkick off with a seven hourwestward flight from Moscowto Yakutsk, located about 450kilometres south of the ArcticCircle, followed by a seven

hour drive north-east to theregion of Khandyga. Chapplethen hitched a ride on a supplyvehicle (a nearby mine wasdelivering a new doctor) tothe town of Topolina. Youknow youre well into thewilds when the village yourein doesnt even show up onGoogle Maps, he says. FromTopolina its just anotherthree-hour jaunt down afrozen river, before you arriveat Bagadaev's door.

With your boots finallyon the ground of the Russian

taiga, or forest, youre in adifferent world. Here inthe north the wilderness isclean and never changes, asBagadaev told Chapple. Thatwhy we call it eternity.

Managing his farm in themiddle of eternity is no easytask. His herd of reindeer,which provide him with meat

ARCTIC LIFE


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36


PHOTO:AMOSCHAPPLE/REX

FEATURES/CLICK

PHOTOS

THE SUBJECT

OF SIBERIA

77 PERCENTSIBERIAS LANDMASS

MAKES UP 77 PERCENT OF

RUSSIA. IF IT BECAME AN

INDEPENDENT NATION IT

WOULD BE THE BIGGEST

IN THE WORLD

1.5MILLION

THOUGH SPARSELY

POPULATED, RUSSIAS

THIRDLARGEST CITY IS

ALSO IN THIS REGION.

NOVOSIBIRSK IS BUILT

ON THE TRANSSIBERIAN

R ILW Y ND IS KEY

INDUSTRIAL CENTRE

30THERE ARE 30

INDIGENOUS TRIBES IN

SIBERIA, COMPRISING

SOME 200,000 PEOPLE

1900THE EVENK ALPHABET

WAS ONLY CREATED IN

THE EARLY 1900S, AND

THE FIRST BOOK PRINTED

IN 1928


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3

SEPTEMBER 201

VL DIMIR B G D EV

LE DS TE M OF

REINDEER H ULING

H NDM DE SLEDS S

THE SUN SKIMS THE

SIBERIAN HORIZON

ARCTIC LIFE


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38



FEATURES/CLICK

PHOTOS

EVENK HUNTING

LANGUAGE

TO COMMUNICATE OVERTHE VAST DISTANCESOF THEIR HUNTINGTERRITORIES, EVENKS

USE A SPECIAL WRITINGSYSTEM

A BRANCH CAREFULLYPLACED ACROSS A PATHMEANS THAT ONE CANNOTGO FURTHER

AN ARROW IN THE BARKOF A TREE WHOSEBRANCHES HAVE BEENCLIPPED CAN MEAN IAM FURTHER AHEAD IFIT POINTS UP, AND I AMSETTING TRAPS NEARBYIF POINTING DOWN

and fur to sell, have a lot of

space to roam in. Sometimes

Bagadaev cant make it back

to his cabin before the sun

swoops over the horizon,

forcing him to bed down

outside for the night. To see

him through the night alive, he

goes through a well-practicedplanned routine.

First, he will craft a fire

with enough wood to last

until dawn. Then, hell

dig a snowbank near his

blaze, which will offer some

protection from the biting

wind. Before snuggling into a

thick woollen sleeping pouch,

which used to belong to his

father, Bagadaev will first

VLADIMIR S BROTHER

ALEXEI WARMS THE

DRIVE SHAFT OF HIS

TRUCK AFTER IT HAS

FROZEN SOLID

A TRUCK DRIVES

ON THE FROZEN

INDIGIRKARIVER


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3

SEPTEMBER 201

shuck out of his outer trousers.

For comfort, he notes.

As Chapple explains,

Bagadaevs ability to surviveis more about technique than

his powers of adaptation. The

people of the Yakutsk region

hate being cold, he laughs.

But they know what to wear

and how to live as best they

can, to avoid feeling the chill.

By looking after his herd,

Bagadaev is also looking after

himself. Theres nary a part

of the mammal that goes towaste, providing Evenks with

thick, snowproof clothing,

milk, cheese and meat. In this

landscape, each of these are

vital to survival.

Despite the brutal

conditions, Chapple was

struck by the Evenks obvious

love for the landscape.

And its a bond driven by

ancestral love, not money.

The government will only

subsidise herdsman with

a herd of 800 or more.

Bagadaevs herd numbers just

46 reindeer. He would talkabout the landscape in a waythat was almost romantic,

Chapple recalls. Its a bond

that the photographer has

witnessed in communities

around the world. But I

wasnt expecting it in a place

so desolate.

Nor perhaps was he

expecting just how rough the

conditions would be on his

gear. Cameras get cold fast.

Wield an SLR in 55 degrees

below Celsius for half anhour and it inevitably shivers

to a halt. It was a constant

struggle to keep my camera

as warm as possible. Thatswhen he wasnt keeping it

away from the clouds of mist

that exploded from his mouth

with every single breath,

smothering many of his shots.

To compensate, he would

hold his breath a few seconds

before snapping the shutter.

But despite silencing

his panting, Chapple still

managed to be surprised bysome very sneaky customers,the members of Vladimirs

herd. Reindeers, Chapple will

now tell you, are incredibly

quiet. His first night out, he

was distracted by a dusk that

painted the air a thick blue

against the silver of a rising

moon. One by one, the deer

came walking into camp until

I was surrounded by them.

The only sound was the gentle

tinkling of their bells.

And perhaps a quiet slurp

or two. They love frozen

pee! he marvels. They dig

it out of the snow with their

hooves, then eat it like apopsicle. Indeed, as other

journalists who visited the

region have noted, if you go

for a wee in the middle of

the night, you run the risk of

kicking up a storm of hooves

and antlers, as the thirsty

animals stampede happily

toward you.Places like this are as

unpredictable as they are

beautiful, says Chapple.

Thats what makes them so

attractive. In a space this

isolated, with a culture this

distinct, you never know

whats going to happen. Hisshots confirm that even in an

increasingly urban society,

people like Bagadaev still

spend their days wrestling

with Mother Nature rather

than the rat race. In fact, itsthe exact opposite of going to

a shopping mall, he says.

The Evenks lifestyle

reminds us of some characters

from theDiscovery Channel,

we muse to Chapple.

Definitely, he agrees, then

notes cheekily, He is the

bonafide Bear Grylls of the

tundra just without the

showing off.

ARCTIC LIFE

VLADIMIR S HERD

OF REINDEER IN

THEIR NATURAL

HABITAT


40/108

UNDOCUMENTED BY SCIENCE AND

AGONISED OVER BY ACADEMICS

SCORES OF MYSTERIOUS

CREATURES ARE SAID TO ROAM

THE GLOBE. ARE THESE MERELY

FICTIONAL SUBJECTS OR

DANGEROUS INTIMIDATING BEINGS

FROM ANOTHER WORLD?

M

DELVES INTO THE HISTORY OF

THE TOP FIVE MONSTERS

ILLUSTRATION BYDARIUS CHEONG


41/108

MONSTER FABLES


42/108

MESSY NESSIE

IF CHARLIE SHEEN CANT

FIND NESSIE NOBODY CAN.

LAST YEAR THE ACTOR

FLEW TO THE HIGHLANDS

AND SCOURED THE LAKE

WITH A LEG OF LAMB ON

A HUGE HOOK. HE LATER

CONFUSED THE MONSTERS

NAME WITH THE LAKE

TELLING TV HOST JAY LENO

THATS WHERE LOCH NESS

LIVES. IN LAKE NESSIE.

LETS NOT FORGET THIS IS

THE MAN WHO ONCE SAID

I AM ON A DRUG.

ITS CALLED CHARLIE

SHEEN. ITS NOT AVAILABLE

BECAUSE IF YOU TRY IT

YOU WILL DIE. YOUR FACE

WILL MELT OFF AND YOUR

CHILDREN WILL WEEP OVER

YOUR EXPLODED BODY.


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4

SEPTEMBER 201

PHOTO:GETTY

IMAGES(CHARLIESHEEN)

Of all the cryptids animals

with no scientific explanation

for their existence

Scotlands Loch Ness Monster

is the most documented, by

both amateurs and experts.

First reported to have been

sighted in AD565, the sea

serpent has enthralled and

enticed both crypto-zoologists

and scientists to prove itsexistence. Every year, hordes

of tourists travel to the

Scottish highlands to chance

their arm at sighting this

giant sea snake or living

dinosaur as many believe it to

be. There have been over 3000

documented encounters.

For the last few months,

experts at the official Loch

Ness Monster Fan Club have

been studying satellite images

using Apples satellite map app

which clearly shows a giant

30 metre beast swimming

just below the surface of the

water. So big that it could be

seen from space, the sighting

has put an end to a dearth ofencounters over the last 18

months, believed to be the

longest time the monster has

remained unseen since 1925.

Weeks later an unusual sonar

image, which appears to show

a being with several humps,

was picked up by a cruise

vessel on the lake, seeming to

also point to the fact that the

monster is indeed still very

much alive.

PREHISTORIC TALES

At 36 kilometres long and

248 metres deep, Loch Ness

is said to contain more water

than all the lakes of England,

Scotland and Wales combined.

A rainfall of just 0.635

centimetres can add a massive

11 million tons of water to its

shadowy depths. At this scale

it is clear to see why many who

believe in the monster Nessies

existence say that even the

water itself has an almost

inky viscosity.

The enormity of the loch

underlines why the mystery

of the Loch Ness Monster

has perpetuated throughout

the years. According to www.

nessie.co.uk, the official site

of the serpent of the deep,

the many sightings all bear

the hallmark of a similar

description of a serpent type

creature with a head like a

giraffe, skin like an elephant

and short forelegs withflippers. Those who have

glimpsed the monster in the

water haver also reported

seeing ample evidence of fins

or dark humps.

Many believe that the

Loch Ness Monster shares

characteristics with the

Plesiosauras, a reptilian

dinosaur that shares many of

the features of the Scottish sea

serpent, although is believed

to have been extinct for 65

million years. While early

sightings of the lochs most

famous inhabitant were from

a distance, when a road was

built around its edge in the

early 1930s, the number ofreports increased, with the

first photographic evidence

emerging in 1933.

More than an intrigue for

tourists, some of the worlds

top scientists have gone

to great lengths to prove

the monsters existence.

In 1960, students from

Oxford and Cambridge

Universities mounted a

scientific expedition to prove

that this strange creature

lived. Cameras and an echo

sounder were used to gather

evidence. It was reported

that a visual sighting and

unusual echoes were

recorded on the expedition.

This cryptid has had

more than its fair share of

high profile hunters over

the years, with thousands

of pounds invested in trying

to prove its reality. In 1987,

George Hunter, skipper of

the loch pleasure boat, The

Nessie Hunter, recorded the

greatest depth of the loch at

248 metres, verified in 2006

by sonar technology. Nessie

aficionados were delighted

with this find, many dubbing

it Nessies Cave.

The unchartered waters

of the loch further add to the

possibility of the monsters

existence. In the 1980s it was

also discovered that a shoal

of Arctic char inhabited the

lochs depths a species thatwould have lived there since

the Ice Age, which began 2.4

million years ago.

Although there is a

mounting body of proof

that something exists in

these waters, the Loch Ness

Monster is adept at playing

a cat and mouse game

with those that are keen to

corroborate its existence.

In 1960, engineer and keen

Nessie hunter Tim Dinsdale

was delighted to have recorded

the first footage of the beast

which was sent to Royal Air

Force photographic experts

to be examined, with the

only conclusion put forwardthat his film was indeed of an

animate object.

By the 1970s, American

scientists became interested

in following up Dinsdales

finds. A group from the

American Academy of

Applied Science, led by Dr

Robert Rines used cameras

and sonar to gather evidence

of its existence, with one

photograph showing the

image of a large flipper and

another showing the head

and body of the creature.

Worldwide excitement

ensued. In 1987 Operation

Deepscan, a massive search

using sonar equipment on 24

boats, failed to find evidence

of the monster. As did an

extensive search by the BBC

in 2003, which was using 600

sonar beams and satellitenavigation technology.

Despite the evidence,

many believe that the monster

is merely a giant sturgeon,

which can grow up to 3.6

metres. But with so many

academics willing to spend the

time and money searching the

unchartered waters of the loch

this is one myth that seems to

be too intriguing to dismiss.

LO H

N SS

MONSTER

20 SIGHTINGSON AVERAGE THERE ARE

20 SIGHTINGS OF THE LOCH

NESS MONSTER EACH YEAR

85 PERCENTOF THE ONE MILLION

TOURISTS WHO VISIT LOCH

NESS EACH YEAR ARE

DRAWN BY THE MONSTER

6.6 DEGREESTHE WATER UNDERNEATH

THE SURFACE OF LOCH

NESS NEVER ALTERS FROM

6.6 DEGREES CELSIUS

A MU RKY MYS TE RY

EXPERTS HAVE

BEEN STUDYING

SATELLITE

IMAGES WHICH

CLEARLY SHOW

A GIANT 3

METRE BEAST

SWIMMIN JUST

BELOW THE

SURFACE OF

THE WATER

MONSTER FABLES


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44


Many would rather not admit

to having a fear of the sea after

glimpsing the man eating

great white shark in the movie

Jaws. The fact that the hunter

can turn into the hunted with

terrifying consequences is

a chilling reminder of how

insignificant we humans are

as part of the ecosystem of the

planet Earth.

As frightening as the idea

of such a carnivorous monster

remains, Jaws, at just under

eight metres long, is small fry

compared to the C. megalodon.This submarine-sized shark

surfaced in prehistoric times

and its outsized offspring may

still be alive today.

Known as the giant tooth,

the megalodon, which is

thought to measure around 20

metres, has an impressive six

rows of 46 razor-sharp serrated

teeth each measuring just

under 18 centimetres long.

Over the years, scientists have

used the fossilised teeth to

work out and estimate the true

size of these huge ferocious

aquatic killing machines.

This monolithic monster

is said to be related to the

great white shark, but eventhe world record holder

for that species caught in

Australia in 1959 and verified

by the International Game

Fishing Association at just

over 1,200 kilograms pales

into insignificance against its

45,000 kilogram prehistoric

cousin. The megalodon shares

the same size characteristics

as the gentle whale shark, but

its predatory behaviour of

consuming almost everything

and anything in its path makes

the ferocious great white shark,

which has been around for just

10 million years, look like a

mere pushover.

A mammoth killing

machine, the megalodon is

believed to have ruled the

seas for some 16 million years

megalodon teeth have been

found all over the world. Some

say it may still be lurking in the

deep even to this day.

GLOBAL TRAVELLER

Its massive jaws have given

it the reputation of having

the most powerful bite of any

animal that ever lived. Despite

its size it is said to have been

able to reach speeds of up to

40 to 56 kilometres an hour

which underlines why it was so

widely travelled. The monsters

teeth are not the only hard

evidence of its existence. Like

most sharks it is made up

mainly of cartilage, but alongwith evidence of its massive

jaws, a small number of its

vertebrae, made up of heavily

calcified cartilage, have also

weathered the test of time.

While adults roamed the

globe, the discovery of the

teeth of baby sharks has added

credence to specific areas being

favoured for nurseries. It is

thought that the area between

the Pacific and Atlantic oceans

were favoured by expectant

mothers to give birth, a place

where newborn pups would be

safe from predators.

While many scientists

say that the megalodon

disappeared millions of yearsago, sightings of mammoth

sharks lend credibility to the

theory that they may still be

alive today. With 95 per cent

of the planets oceans still

undiscovered, megalodon

believers say that it may not

be the only behemoth that is

lurking in the depths.

Palaeontologists surmise

that the megalodon could not

survive today, having died out

due to the severe cold of the ice

age or the disappearance of

its main food source: the blue

whale. With a biting force of

some 10 tons, the megalodon

made light work of its prey,

often biting them in two. Its

ferocious bite is said to have

even exceeded the powerful

jaws of the prehistoric land

terror Tyrannosaurus rex,

which preceded the giant shark

by about 36 million years.

But truth can be stranger

than fiction. Although

scientists discount the fact

that a prehistoric creature still

terrorizes the deep, recent

evidence may suggest that

a relative of this powerful

predator indeed remains. A

three metre great white shark,

tagged for scientific study, went

missing off Australias coast in

2004, its data tag resurfacing

months later. Bleached by

stomach acid and recording

a 580 metre deep fall and a

huge rise in temperature, thisindicated that the shark had

fallen prey to a much larger

animal. Based on the data tag,

the predator had a stomach

that was at least a metre wide.

While scientists believe

that the fate of the megalodon

is lost in the oceans of history,

the fact that a huge ocean,

three times the size of the

worlds entire water mass

was discovered, could explain

why so many oceanic myths

remain unexplained. The

giant reservoir, which lies

70 kilometres below the

earths crust in eastern Asia,

is believed to be the source of

the planets seas, and scientistssay this could clear up why the

Earths oceans have remained

at exactly the same level for

millions of years.

As New Scientist explains:

Jacobsens team used 2000

seismometers to study the

seismic waves generated by

more than 500 earthquakes.

These waves move throughout

Earths interior, including the

core, and can be detected at

the surface. By measuring the

speed of the waves at different

depths, the team could figure

out which types of rocks the

waves were passing through.

The water layer revealed itself

because the waves slowed

down, as it takes them longer

to get through soggy rock than

dry rock.

Returning though to the

megalodon, believers hope

that it may be the next myth

in line to become fact which

happened with the giant squid

or Kraken, a subject of myth

and conjecture since records

began. It was not until one was

caught on film in 2004 that this

fishermans tale jumped from

fiction to fact. Time will tell.

MEG

LO ON

SH RK

DINOS UR

OF THE DEEP

1,100 KGTHE AMOUNT OF

FOOD CONSUMED BY A

MEGALODON IN JUST ONE

DAY. AND BY FOOD, THINK

SEALS, SEA LIONS AND

WHALES

CARCHARODON MEGALODONMAXIMUM

CARCHARODON MEGALODON

CONSERVATIVEWHALE SHARK

GREAT WHITE SHARK

SIGHTINGS OF

MAMMOTH

SHARKS LEND

CREDIBILITY

TO A THEORY

THAT THEY

MAY STILL BE

ALIVE WITH 9

PERCENT

OF THE

PLANETS

OCEANS STILL

UNDISCOVERED


45/108

TERRIFYING THE

TOOTH FAIRY

AMONG FOSSIL HUNTERS,

MEGALODON TEETH ARE A

PRIZED COMMODITY. NOT

SURPRISING CONSIDERING

YOU CAN FIND SPECIMENS

17 CENTIMETRES IN

LENGTH. BIG ONES IN GOOD

CONDITION CAN FETCH

HUNDREDS, OR EVEN

THOUSANDS, OF DOLLARS.

PEOPLE PAINSTAKINGLY

SEARCH FOR THEM BY

SCUBADIVING RIVERS,

SCOURING BEACHES AND

PEERING AT CLIFF FACES.

MONSTER FABLES


46/108

BIG SMILES

IF YOU SEE A CROCODILE ON

A BANK WITH ITS MOUTH

OPEN, IT DOESNT MEAN

ITS ABOUT TO ATTACK.

JUST LIKE DOGS PANTTO SIPHON OFF EXCESS

HEAT, CROCS COOL OFF

BY SWEATING THROUGH

THEIR IMPRESSIVELY

TOOTHED MOUTHS. THEIR

SHARP TEETH ARE MEANT

FOR GRASPING PREY.

INSTEAD OF CHEWING, THEY

SWALLOW STONES THAT

ACT AS BALLAST IN THE

WATER, AND GRIND THE

FOOD IN THEIR BELLIES.


47/108

4

SEPTEMBER 201

A centuries-old albinocrocodile, its scaly body aslong as a bus and weighing

over a ton, is said to have beenpatrolling the waters of the

Malaysian region of Sarawak,terrorising locals for hundreds

of years. While many believethe yellow-eyed beast to be amyth, the disappearance of

villagers snatched from theshallows or the waters edge by

an enormous crocodile lendscredence to this historical beast.

In the last five years, 40

of Malaysias 42 recordedcrocodile attacks have taken

place in Sarawak, with 81percent of attacks usuallyrecorded at the waters edge.

Half of the attacks have beenfatal, attributed to an

enormous reptilian beastthat has claimed the shallowmurky waters as its kingdom,

and the shores as its feeding

ground. Research shows grislyfootage of limbs being retrievedfrom the bellies of the beasts;

ferocious monsters that seem tohave a place gruesomely carvedin the annals of history rather

than mythology.The biggest crocodile to

be caught in these waters wasa 5.8 metre long saltwatercrocodile. Many believed this to

be a legendary crocodile named

Bujang Senang. It ruled therivers through fear for years,

killing 13 people and evadingcapture until May 1992 just

after it snatched its final victimfrom a footbridge. Locally,

the beasts live a peaceful co-

existence with their humanneighbours but when the

reptiles go rogue, they arehunted and killed. A rare albino

croc, he was the largest to bekilled or captured in the state intwo decades.

The legend of this monsterstarted through local mythology

from the Iban people ofSarawak. The story goesthat a huge white crocodile

named Bujang Senang was thereincarnation of the warrior

Simalungun, who died centuriesago vowing to terrorise andwreak revenge on his enemies

and their descendants.Although its skull is displayed in

the Sarawak Museum, rumoursabound that he was never

caught and its descendantsstill roam the rivers. Soingrained is the legend in local

culture that if fishermen catch ababy crocodile they set it free, to

ensure that no bad omen befallsthe family.

When years of efforts to

catch the fearsome beast failed,it seemed as though this was

a monster that was certainlyof another realm. Reports ofhiding a grenade in a dead duck

to astonishing tales of hookswith bait being mauled out of

shape only added fuel to themythical fire. When the mightybeast was finally killed, the one

ton crocodile took a large groupof men a staggering four hours

to haul it from the river.

GRUESOME LEGEND

Legend has it that although

Bujang Senang whichincidentally means 'happy

bachelor' in the local language was a fearsome killer, he maynot have been the only fearsome

predator that roamed the rivers.All the victims were seized from

the shore or in shallow water,

which is a characteristic trait ofthe saltwater crocodile. Earlier

in 1988, the legendary beastscompanionBujang Sudinwascaught by a witch doctor, its

180 kilogram carcass sold to anearby crocodile farm.

With two of the distinctivewhite crocodiles captured,

the local legend thatBujangSedangsdescendants stillterrorised the depths became

more real. In 2000, so prevalentwere the crocodile attacks

that plans were made to trainMalaysian firemen to help huntthem down. The move came

after a 5.5 metre crocodile,suspected of killing a 10-year-

old girl, surrendered itself toher father on the spot where she

died, apparently following theinstructions of local bomohs(shaman) who had been asked

to track down the beast afterforestry officials failed to locateit. The same bomohs were said

to be responsible for catchinganother of the area's toothy

killers. In 2006, a boy wassnatched from the river just

metres from his house, by acrocodile that was described asbeing as big as a boat.

Although accountable

for fewer attacks than itsNile cousin, the potentially

enormous size of the saltwatercrocodile (crocodylus porosus)

gives it a fearsome reputation.While most would prefer thesehuman-eating crocodiles to

be myth, there are severalexamples through history of

enormous reptiles terrorisingvillages, causing scores offatalities and remaining elusive

for years. Indeed, the immense

crocodiles caught in Sarawaklook more like huge dragonsthan mere reptiles.

MASSIVE ATTACK

The number of crocodilesin the areas is rising, with

attacks increasing tenfold inthe last decade. This has been

attributed to the increase oflogging. With nowhere to hide,

the crocodiles are being driven

out of their homes. Some peoplefeel that the evicted reptiles

are actively targeting humansin retribution. While manysay that they will not attack

people, if they are hungry theywill eat just about anything.

Modern day advances may alsobe attracting the crocodiles tohuman prey. The increase of

boats with outboard motorsattracts them as the motor is

said to emulate the sound ofanother croc.

In June 2012, the hot seasonsaw an increase of attacks, to

such an extent that the ForestryCommission issued a permit to

cull. The target was to capture60 crocodiles, all bigger than2.5 metres long. The move came

after two fatal attacks occurredin the Sungai Anak River. The

perpetrator was known locallyasBujang Seblak, a monstrouswhite creature that had been

on the prowl since 2007 and

had just claimed his fourthvictim. Despite the animaltaking bullets to its snout, it

took two weeks to catch him,along with two other crocodilesmeasuring 2.8 and 2.7 metres

feet long, scarily perceivedas his lieutenants. Whether

the reincarnation of a formerwarrior is true or not, factremains that these crocodiles

are too deadly to ignore.

THE MAN EATING

R

OF SARAWAK

90 EGGSA FEMALE CROCODILE

CAN LAY UP TO 90 EGGS

INCUBATING THEM FOR

THREE MONTHS

70 YEARSTHESE ESTUARINE OR

SALTWATER CROCODILES

GROW UP TO SIX METRES

IN LENGTH, WEIGH 1,000

KILOGRAMS AND CAN LIVE

FOR UP TO 70 YEARS

A DEADLY MENACE

RUMOURS

ABOUND THAT

THE ALBINO

BUJ NG

SEN NG

WHICH MEANS

HAPPY

BACHELOR

IN LOCAL

DIALECT WAS

NEVER CAUGHT

AND ITS

DESCENDANTS

STILL ROAM

THE RIVERS

MONSTER FABLES


48/108

48


FEET FIRST

The search for the elusive

creature that walks upright

with a stooped gait is big

business, and snowballed in

the 1950s when a photograph

of a yeti footprint was

taken by British climberEric Shipton at the base of

Everest. The bear-like prints,

measuring as long as a US size

nine mens shoe and twice

as broad, were discovered

almost six kilometres up the

mountain in the snow. It

is testament to the worlds

fascination with the yeti that

the photograph sold at auction

in 2007 for US$5,900.

Last year, tests by Oxford

University genetics professor

Bryan Sykes on hair samples

concluded that there may be

a biological animal behind

the myth. One hair sample

was from the remains of a

mummified creature shot

decades earlier by a hunter

in Ladakh in India, the other

was a single hair found in a

bamboo forest by filmmakers

around a decade ago.

Interestingly, Professor Sykes

told theBBC that he had a 100

percent match with an ancient

polar bear jawbone which was

found in Norway and dated

back to between 40,000 and

120,000 years.

Speaking to the broadcaster,

Professor Sykes said that whilehe didnt think there was an

ancient polar bear roaming themountains, he concluded that

the yeti could be a subspeciesof brown bear, descended fromthe ancient polar bear.

The fact that the hunter,

who had great experience ofbears, thought this one was

in some way unusual and was

frightened of it, makes me

wonder if this species of bear

might behave differently,"

he told theBBC. Maybe it

is more aggressive, more

dangerous or is more bipedal

than other bears.

The cryptic creature was

most recently sighted in

2013 in Siberia by 11-year-old

Yevgeny Anisimov. Its said

to be the only time the yeti

has apparently been captured

on film, although the jury is

still out on the validity of the

four-minute video. The giant

mammal with its stooping

gait was also said to have

had a close encounter some

miles away with government

official Liliya Zenkova, when

it stroked her arm through

the open window of her car

as she lay sleeping while her

husband was fishing. A creepy

experience.

A proliferation of huts madeof twigs in the Kemerovo areaof Russia further enhanced

the reality of the yeti fable.Professor Valentin Sapunov,

of the HydrometeorologicalUniversity in St Petersburg hasapparently infuriated fellow

academics by making claimsthat as many as 200 yetis live in

the Siberian wilds, apparentlydeclaring that he is 95 percentsure that the yeti is real.

MOUNTAIN EVIDENCE

While academics may fight

over the existence of the

yeti, it is interesting to hear

from those who know the

mountains well and have

been convinced the yeti

is a living creature only

to change their minds. SirEdmund Hillary and Tenzing

Norgay reported seeing large

footprints while scaling

Mount Everest in 1953. Hillary

even mounted an expedition

in search of the creature but

later became more sceptical as

to its existence.

Climber Reinhold Messner

encountered his first yeti near

Tibet in the 1980s, standing

around two metres high and

covered with hair. Its two-

legged agility impressed him

and the strange hissing sound

it made was imprinted on his

memory. An accomplished

climber, renowned as one of

the best in the world, Messneris said to have always believed

the yeti was merely a creation

of cryptozoology until he

saw it with his own eyes.

For 12 years he scoured theHimalayas for more proof,until he came to the conclusion

that his first thought wasright: the yeti is a myth and

is merely an exaggerated taleof the rare Tibetan blue bear.This particular beast will often

rear its hind legs to scare off

predators and is said to possessalmost human capabilities.

Despite the lack of

evidence of the remains of

a yeti, or the physicality of a

living specimen, locals still

maintain that the yeti is a

real entity and is the guardianof the mighty Himalayas

and its people. Whether this

creature is the earliest form of

a meme or a rare animal that

is very much alive, the history

of the yeti is a fascinating tale

woven with both mythology

and scientific fact. It's one

that looks to continue

enthralling monster hunters

for years to come.

T

Y TITHE FIRST SCIENTIST TO

INVESTIGATE THE YETI WAS

EMPLOYED BY HEINRICH

HIMMLER, A COMMANDER

OF THE NAZI PARTY IN

GERMANY. PROFESSOR

ERNST SCHAEFER

SEARCHED FOR THE YETI

IN 1938 IN THE HOPE THAT

IT WOULD TURN OUT TO BE

THE PROGENITOR OF THE

ARYAN RACE

STRENGTHSSTRONG LIMBS, A

POWERFUL JAW AND A

THICK HIDE ALLOW THE

ANIMAL TO THRIVE IN COLD

TEMPERATURES

WEAKNESSESSHYNESS

A MOUNTAIN MONSTER

GENETICS

PROFESSOR

BRY N SYKES

CL IMS TH T

THERE M Y

INDEED BE

BIOLOGICAL

ANIMAL BEHIND

THE MYTH

BASED ON A

HAIR SAMPLE

DATING BACK

TO 120 000

YEARS AGO

The yeti, also known as "TheAbominable Snowman", has

been the stuff of numerouslegends. The Greek king and

conqueror Alexander theGreat is said to have demanded

to see one (without success) inIndias Indus valley in 326 BC.

Another sighting was said to be

in the Himalayas by Buddhistmonks in the 19th century.

Trekker Brian HoughtonHodgson first documentedthe yeti after a Himalayan trek

in 1832 when he witnessed

a tall dark beast standing ontwo feet. Given its nicknamebecause of its snowy habitat,the reclusive animal is said

to resemble a human gorillahybrid, possibly with the

characteristics of a bear.Those who have witnessed itat close hand say it stands two

to three metres tall and has athreatening yowl and eyes

that glow.


49/108

HUNTING LICENSE

IN THE LATE 1950S, THE

NEPALESE GOVERNMENT

CAME UP WITH AN

INGENIOUS MONEYMAKING

SCHEME: THEY ISSUED

YETIHUNTING LICENSES

TO FOREIGN HUNTERS

WHO WERE STREAMING IN

TO HUNT THE BEAST. THE

LICENSES WERE HUGELY

EXPENSIVE, PRICED AT 400

PER YETI. EVEN WORSE,

NOBODY EVER ACTUALLY

CAUGHT A SPECIMEN.

MONSTER FABLES


50/108

THIN-SKINNED

MYTH

EXPERTS BELIEVE MANY

EL CHUPACABRA

SIGHTINGS ARE SIMPLY

WILD COYOTES WITH

MANGE. THIS COMMON

SKIN DISEASE, CAUSED

BY PARASITIC MITES, CAN

CAUSE LARGE PATCHES

OF FUR TO FALL OFF,

LEAVING SHRIVELED,

REDDENED SKIN WITH A

SCALE LIKE APPEARANCE.

THIS CORRELATES WITH

MANY DESCRIPTIONS OF

"THE GOAT SUCKER" THAT

HAVE BEEN GIVEN BY

WITNESSES

OVER THE YEARS.


51/108

5

SEPTEMBER 201

Others say they originatedfrom another planet entirely,as UFO sightings have beendetailed in the same areaswhere and when the attackshave taken place.

Paranormal investigator

Benjamin Radford spent fiveyears researching the beastfor his book, Tracking theChupacabra. His inquiriesincluded forensic analysis,eyewitness reports and fieldresearch. One of the reasonshe believes that the reports ofattacks saw a spike in the mid1990s was due to the releaseof the sci-fi movie Species.Showing the power of urbanmyth, the descriptions of aspiky backed monster at this

time mirrored a characterfrom the film.

El Chupacabra is said to be

responsible for the deaths ofnumerous animals, all of whichwere found dead, killed by two

small puncture wounds madeby a pair of fangs and sucked

dry of all their blood. Wild dogs,and mutated coyotes have beenframed as the perpetrators

of these violent crimes butthe scenes are almost devoid

of prints and those thatbelieve in the existence ofthis vampirical beast say that

canines do not have the rightfacial construction, or the

ability to suck blood. As theattacks of the 1990s continuedand packs of dogs and herds of

cattle were found dead as farafield as Texas, California and

Florida, speculation grew as tothe logical explanation behind

the attacks and sightings ofthis strange mythical beast.

Particularly as the victimswere devoid of blood and thehallmark tiny puncture wounds.

NOCTURNAL SCAPEGOAT

For the next few years, any

strange nocturnal killing

was placed at the door of El

Chupacabra, who was now

being described by people

as looking more like a wild

eyed hairless dog or coyote,

El Chupacabra is said to not

only have attacked and killed

hundreds of livestock but

has also sucked every last

drop of their blood, through

two tiny puncture wounds

it makes with its fangs. Its

chilling killing style is whyit is known infamously as

The Goatsucker, from the

Spanish chupra for suck and

cabra for goat, giving us its

name, El Chupacabra.

Most prolific for its killing

sprees in the 1990s, thedescription of El Chupacabraby those who have managed

to steal a fleeting glance is ofan animal resembling a griffin,

with an ability to stand onits powerful hind legs. Some

describe it as running onclawed feet and displayinga row of sharp fins or long

quills along its bony, archedback. Its pale, papery-thinskin has been documented as

sprouting coarse, dark hairs.Other sightings detail a beast

that wears its wings wrappedaround itself like a veined cloak.

ODOROUS DEMONS

The Puerto Rican region

of Canvanas is where ElChupacabra has been the mostindustrious locals havelost some 150 animals to thisnocturnal predator. In oneattack, a witness reported afanged, kangaroo-like creaturewith red eyes attacking thefamily goat. Other witnessestell of a monster with vampirelike qualities, giving offa sulphurous smell anattribute linked to demonsin folklore. Others have

described seeing a reptile-likecreature unlike any otheranimal on the planet with scalygreen-grey skin and a leatheryappearance. Rather thanbeing a vampire, many havespeculated that these beastsare the product of experimentsby secret agents in the PuertoRico area, which escaped fromthe laboratory when it wasdamaged in a severe storm.

MANY HAVE

SPECULATED

THAT THESE

BEASTS

ARE THE

PRODUCT OF

EXPERIMENTS

BY SECRET

AGENTS IN THE

PUERTO RICO

AREA WHICH

ESCAPED

FROM THE

LABORATORY

EL

CHUP

C R

ALTHOUGH THER

Documents

Discovery Channel Magazine - September 2014 In