DISASTER PRONE INDIA.pptx

7/29/2019 DISASTER PRONE INDIA.pptx

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Sarvesh 11657

Shalini 11673

Shivam 11682

Shrey 11695

Shubham 11703

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A disaster is a natural or man-made hazardresulting in an event of substantial extentcausing significant physical damage ordestruction, loss of life, or drastic change tothe environment.1

Geographic and climatic conditions in India,makes it prone to a large number of naturaldisasters like landslides, drought,

earthquakes, floods, tsunamis etc.

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1. Quarantelli E.L. (1998)


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Floods & Landslides: Uttarakhand: 5500 dead, 4500missing. Earthquake & Tsunami: Indian Ocean 2004: 283,106

deaths, severely affected 11 countries.

Earthquake: Kashmir 2005: 1 lakh deaths, 3.5 milaffected

Floods: Bihar 2008, Assam 2012: Over 600 died andmillions were rendered homeless.

Drought: 1987 Famine: Over 250 million affected. Drought: Bengal Famine(1770), 1876-77 famine and

1899 famine: Killed about 20 million people.

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National Institute of DisasterManagement


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Shalini Suryavanshi

11672

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Landslides: Mass movement of rock, debris or earthdown a slope, under the influence of gravity.

Causes: Weak or sensitive materials. Sheared, jointed, or fissured materials.

Tectonic or volcanic uplift. Vegetation removal (by fire, drought). Freeze and thaw weathering. Water leakage from utilities.

Human factors (mining, agriculture or forestryactivities, deforestation, vibrations from machineryetc.)

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Environmental Geology.2008


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15% of Indias area prone . 0.098 Mkm2: North Eastern Region, comprising the

Arakan Yoma

0.392 Mkm2 : Parts of the Himalayas, Nilgiri, RanchiPlateau and Eastern & Western Ghats.

20 States of India affected by different degrees oflandslide hazard.

Approximately 1000 deaths annually. Huge damage to human settlements, civil structures,

Power(Hydro) projects, communication routes, andagricultural and forest land.

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Geological survey of

India


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Kashmir earthquake of 2005 Chamoli Earthquake of 1999

Uttarkashi Earthquake of 1991,

Kangra Earthquake of 1905,

Assam Earthquakes of 1897 & 1950

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In June 2013, a multi-day Cloudburst centered on the North Indian state of Uttarakhand causeddevastating floods and landslides in the country's worst natural disaster.


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Drainage - Draining through runoff of accumulatedwater to avoid saturation of soil.

Stabilization of Landslides by Vegetation. Permeable walls - To arrest the movement of rocks and

soil together with dewatering.

Ground Anchors - Gives support to the mobile massand arrests further movement.

Restraining structures - Arrest the movement of rocksand soil in the affected area. Increases shear strength.

Hardening of soil by thermic treatment. Electro-osmosis - Drainage in less permeable soils.

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National Hazard Control and Assessment


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Shubham Goyal

11703

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Extended period of deficient rainfall relative to thestatistical multi-year average for a region.

Decline in the flow of rivers and streams

Drop in water levels in reservoirs and wells

Specified by the degree of departure from NormalRainfall

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Over 68% of India is vulnerable to drought. Peninsular and western Indiaprimarily arid, semi-aridand sub-humid regions. The major drought years in India were 1877,

1899,1918, 1972, 1987 and 2002. 1987 - worst drought affected 59-60% of the crop area

and population of 285 million.

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Geological Survey Of India


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Ground water declining at the rate of 1-2 m/year inparts of Punjab and Haryana.

Estimated that 36% of Hydrogeological Blocks in thecountry will be on the critical list by the year 2017(Moench, 2000).

India has a forest cover of 76 million hectares, or 23%of its total geographical area much lower than theprescribed global norm of 33%.

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Economy Water Resources

- Surface water resources

- Ground water resources.

Crop Production.

Power generation.

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Rain water harvesting. Plantation of crops that are not much dependent on

water in drought prone areas.

Improving forest cover. Judicious use of ground water.

Well Developed Irrigation systems.

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Shivam Gupta

11682

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Occurs when the Geomorphic Equilibrium in the riversystem is disturbed because of intrinsic or extrinsicfactors or when a system crosses a geomorphicthreshold.

Flooding in a river due to aggradation of river bed.

Flooding in a river due to heavy rainfall.

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Flash floods River floods Coastal floods Urban floods

According to their duration: Slow Onset Floods: last for relatively longer period,

even months.

Rapid Onset Floods: last for relatively shorterperiod, usually not more than two days. Flash Floods: occur within minutes or a few hours.

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In India, Floods cause damage to houses,Industries, public utilities and property.

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Parameters Area liable to floods(million Ha.)Total damage Rs.13,400 million

Area affected 8.11 million hectare

Crop area affected 3.57 hectare

Human lives lost 1579 nos.

Cattle lost 95000 nos.

Geological Survey of India


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High Rainfall

Severe winds over water

Unusual high tides

Tsunamis

Snowmelt

Influence of urban planning

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Primary effects Physical damage Casualties.Secondary effects Water supplies Diseases Crops and food supplies. Trees

Tertiary/long-term effects Economic

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Control the water level in dams and pumpingstations Build barriers like embankments, flood wells etc. Alter the rivers channel (River Linking Project) Control land use around the river.

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Shrey Agarwal

11695

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Result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth'scrust that creates seismic waves. Tectonic earthquakes occur anywhere in the earth where

there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drivefracture propagation along a fault plane.

There are three main types of fault, all of which maycause an earthquake: normal, reverse (thrust) andstrike-slip.

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www.msnucleus.org


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Damage to human structures Landslides Fires Flash Floods Deformation of Ground Surface Tsunamis Disruption of transport and communications Panic

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7.9 on the Richter scale.

Indian Plate subducting beneath Eurasian Plate(ThrustFault).

Nearly 19,000 people died.

The earthquake devastated Kutch.

Practically all buildings and structures of Kutch werebrought down.

Ahmedabad, Rajkot, Jamnagar, Surendaranagar andPatan were heavily damaged.

Affected 16 million people with an estimated loss ofRs.150 billions.

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56% of the total area of India is vulnerable to seismicactivity.

12% of the area comes under Zone V and 18% area inZone IV.

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ndim.gov.in


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Construction ofEarthquake resistant Structures inHighly Prone Areas.

Educating Public, how to react during and after anearthquake.

Installation of devices to measure ground movement

and built up strain to roughly predict earthquakes. Proper task forces and stock of basic necessities in

times of disaster.

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Sarvesh Kumar Yadav

11657

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Series of water waves caused by the displacementof a large volume of a body of water, generally anocean or a large lake.

Causes: Earthquakes

Vertical Tectonic Displacement of the sea bottom.

Volcanic Eruptions and Submarine Landslides.

Nuclear Explosions.

Fall of meteorites or asteroids

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India, due to its geographical and climaticconditions, is highly prone to many naturaldisasters.

The nation has suffered huge losses due to

natural disasters in recent times. Proper steps to prevent and/or mitigate a

disaster need to be taken keeping in mind thenature of occurrence of disasters in India.

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DISASTER PRONE INDIA.pptx