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DGF-møde 20. november 2014 Samspil mellem jord og konstruktion Den “korrekte” jordmodel? ved Frands Haahr 1 Frands Haahr ApS

DGF-møde 20. november 2014 · I hope this helps (maybe PLAXIS has some additional comments or maybe they don't agree to 100% with my comments, so wait also for their response). Frands

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Page 1: DGF-møde 20. november 2014 · I hope this helps (maybe PLAXIS has some additional comments or maybe they don't agree to 100% with my comments, so wait also for their response). Frands

DGF-møde 20. november 2014

Samspil mellem jord og konstruktion

Den “korrekte” jordmodel?

ved

Frands Haahr

1Frands Haahr ApS

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Indhold

Definition af predictions (Type A, B og C)

Krav til forundersøgelser

Udledning af “sande” styrke- og deformationsparametre

Valg af jordmodel

Succeskriterier for predictions

Eksempler med predictions:

Køge – Torvebyen

Nordhavnsvejen

Lyngby – Kanalvej

København-Ringsted, TP14

Konklusion

2Frands Haahr ApS

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Prediction of failures(/deformations)

Type A predictions are those made before observations

(hard-core geotechnical assessments, which require

reliable parameters as well as a suitable soil model)

Type B predictions are those made during observations

(EC7 2.7 Observational method)

Type C predictions are those made after observations

(for everyone – just find a plausible model and adjust

soil parameters until prediction fits observation)

For all the above type of predictions no safety factors

are applied neither to the characteristic parameters nor

to the loads

3Frands Haahr ApS

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Prediction process – Lambe (1973)

4Frands Haahr ApS

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Krav til forundersøgelser

Krav til de geotekniske undersøgelser:

- Troværdige geotekniske boringer med kontinuerte in-situ forsøg

- Professionel geologisk tolkning af jordlagene

- SPT-forsøg i friktionsjord (inkl. for fyldlag)

- Vingeforsøg i kohæsionsjord (alternativt CPT eller

SPT-forsøg) (inkl. for fyldlag). Her skal anvendes den

korrekte type feltvinge og/eller CPT-sonde!!!!

- Laboratorieforsøg er ønskværdige, men man kan ofte

klare sig uden (for kalk er situationen en anden)

5Frands Haahr ApS

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Udledning af ”sande” styrke- og

deformationsparameter

Krav til ingeniøren (designer):

- Man skal beherske de tolkningsmetoder som kræves for

udledning af styrke- og deformationsparametre

(andres erfaringer er ofte gode at inddrage, EPRI-EL-9800)

- Store tøjninger eller små tøjninger, hvilket har afgørendebetydning for resultatet af din prediction

- Forkast andres tolkninger og udled de parametre, som er de “sande” parametre og som passer dig og din model (c’ = 0 lederofte til numeriske problemer for ren friktionsjord)

- “Engineering judgement”

- Kalibrering med publicerede resultater for sammeproblemstilling

6Frands Haahr ApS

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Valg af jordmodel

Jordtyper og spændingshistorie er afgørende:

- Sand: Mohr-Coulomb (MC), Hardening Soil (HS),

Hardening Soil Small Strain (HSs)

- Ler (NC): Soft Soil, Cam Clay, MC, HS

- Ler (OC): Cam-Clay, MC, (HS, HSs)

- Kalk: Hoek-Brown, (brittle material model), MC (HS, HSs)

- Gytje/tørv: Soft Soil Creep, MC???

7Frands Haahr ApS

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Valg af jordmodel (PLAXIS 9.0 - 2009)

Dimensionering af vægge

MC – model : δδδδ_MC_h,max

HS – model: δδδδ_HS_h,max

HSs - Model: δδδδ_HSs_h,max

Forventning:

δδδδ_MC_h,max > δδδδ_HS_h,max > δδδδ_HS_h,max

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Valg af jordmodel (PLAXIS 2D AE - 2014)

9Frands Haahr ApS

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Succeskriterier for predictions

Hvad er et godt resultat:

- Måling/Prediction = 0,6 – 0,9 (mål i Frands Haahr ApS)

- Måling/Prediction = 0,1 – 0,3 (Karlstrup Mose)

- Måling/Prediction = 0,5 – 1,1/(2,0) (Nordhavnsvejen)

- Måling/Prediction = 0,9 – 1,0 (Kraka – Nordsøen, Torvebyen - Køge og Kanalvej - Lyngby)

- Måling/Prediction = 0,5 – 2,0 (Axeltorv 2)

Skadeskategorien/funktionskrav skal defineres før et resultat giver mening i SLS (CIRIA C580C).

10Frands Haahr ApS

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1. Eksempel: Køge – Torvebyen (2010)

Permanent fri spuns har en udbøjning på 193 mm

ved endelig udgravning????

Fejl i de geotekniske parametre?

Nye geotekniske undersøgelser (SPT-forsøg)

Type C prediction i 2. forsøg giver de 193 mm (MC)

Type B prediction for anden væg i byggegrube

forstærket med en banket giver en maksimal

udbøjning på 102 mm (MC-model)

Måling viser 93 mm efter færdig udgravning

Måling/prediction = 0,91 (kan ikke være bedre)

11Frands Haahr ApS

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2. Eksempel: Nordhavnsvejen 2011-dato

Jordmodel: Modified Hardening Soil Small Strain (MHSs)

(NHVK-modellen)

Kaliberet til at forudsige vertikale deformationer bag en

væg for at vurdere deformationer af og dermed skadeskategori for nabobygninger (CIRIA C580C) i

udførelsesperioden (krav fra validator).

MC-model: K = A + B σσσσ’red

HSs-model:

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Kalibrering af model

Inconsistency in deriving HS-stiffness

parameters when comparing

recommendations in PLAXIS-manuals and

PLAXIS bulletins – benchmarks

(20. feb. 2012 e-mail til PLAXIS og HFS)

Helmut F. Schweiger, Graz University of

Technology, Austria:NN..

3. The HS-model has some weaknesses when the soil is (heavily) overconsolidated and some assumptions have to be made.

4. Whatever you do, the stiffness in the HS model will never be comparable to the MC model.

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HS-model (Helmut F. Schweiger)

So actually what I would do is the following:

- estimate E_oed (for primary loading), this governs the cap yield surface and is therefore not important if the soil is significantly overconsolidated

- take E_50 the same as E_oed (is roughly ok for stiff soils but remember that reference stress is different, sigma_1 vs sigma_3)

- estimate ratio of E_50 to E_ur (2 – 5)?

- specify appropriate OCR or POP in your initial stress procedure

I hope this helps (maybe PLAXIS has some additional comments or maybe they don't agree to 100% with my comments, so wait also for their response).

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Strandvejen 59 - Predictions

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Strandvejen 59

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Strandvejen 59

17Frands Haahr ApS

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Strandvejen 59 FE-model (ST. 5230N)

Skadeskategorien/funktionskrav skal defineres føret resultat giver mening i SLS (CIRIA C580C).

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Strandvejen 59 FE-model (ST. 5230N)

Skadeskategorien/funktionskrav skal defineres føret resultat giver mening i SLS (CIRIA C580C).

19Frands Haahr ApS

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Strandvejen 59 (St. 5230N) - Målinger

Skadeskategorien/funktionskrav skal defineres føret resultat giver mening i SLS (CIRIA C580C).

20Frands Haahr ApS

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Strandvejen 59 – Deformationer af væg

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Strandvejen 59 – Målinger af vægdeformationer

22Frands Haahr ApS

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Farumbanetunnelen - Predictions

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Farumbanetunnelen – FE-model

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Farumbanetunnelen - Predictions

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Farumbanetunnelen - Predictions

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Farumbanetunnelen – Målinger (SLS)

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Farumbanetunnelen – Beregning (ULS)

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Farumbanetunnelen - Brudfigur

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Farumbanetunnelen – Moment i væg (ULS)

30Frands Haahr ApS

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Farumbanetunnelen - Predictions

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Farumbanetunnelen – Sikkerhed

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Ingeninørbroen – St. 5050 North

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Ingeninørbroen – St. 5050 North

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Ingeninørbroen – St. 5050 North

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Ingeninørbroen – St. 5050 North

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Ingeninørbroen – St. 5050 North

37Frands Haahr ApS

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3. Eksempel: Kanalvej – Lyngby (2013)

38Frands Haahr ApS

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3. Eksempel: Kanalvej – Lyngby (2013)

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3. Eksempel: Kanalvej – Lyngby (2013)

Type A prediction for fri spunsvæg

Overudgravning = 0,5 m til kote +15,5 m (maksimal 0,25 m i design). Kloakomlægning langs en del afstrækningen I særdeles bløde gytje- og tørveaflejringer.

Tilbagefyld med sand/grus påkrævet?

Ikke vurderet nødvendigt (“engineering judgement” vedtilsyn).

Horisontale deformationer af 5 m fri spuns = 30 mm efterto døgn? Kan vi have tillid til ingeniørens vurdering?

Hvor store bliver deformationerne før ankrene ermonteret? Og er de acceptable?

Revner i vejbanen (Kanalvej) må accepteres.

40Frands Haahr ApS

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3. Eksempel: Kanalvej – Lyngby (2013)

Situation d. 5. september 2013

(heftig udvikling på 2 dage)

41Frands Haahr ApS

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3. Eksempel: Kanalvej – Lyngby (2013)

Fra: Frands Haahr

Sendt: 6. september 2013 13:57

Hej LNN. og MN..,

Jeg har nu gennemført den Plaxis-beregning vi aftalte

I går, og vi skal gerne holde os under en vandret

topudbøjning på 65 mm, med de 0,5 m overudgravning til

kote +15,5 m (top i +20,1 m).

Vi har nu ca. 35 mm, og der er efter min vurdering ca.

5 mm's usikkerhed på de gennemførte målinger.

Jeg foretager mig ikke mere p.t., jf. aftale med M.T.

mvh

Frands Haahr

42Frands Haahr ApS

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3. Eksempel: Kanalvej – Lyngby (2013)

Endelig deformationsforløb 29/8 – 14/11

43Frands Haahr ApS

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4. eksempel: København-Ringsted TP14 (2014)

Lodret skråning, hvis c’ = 21 kPa for morænesand

44Frands Haahr ApS

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Konklusion

Vejen til en fornuftig prediction er ikke éntydig

Kalibrering er nødvendig

“Engineering judgement” er et godt redskab

Troværdige parametre er nødvendige for type A –

predictions

Benyt en solid numerisk jordmodel, der er tilpasset dine

geotekniske data

Lyt til andres erfaringer, men du er selv ansvarlig for et

godt resultat, som dog skal kunne tåle et “eftersyn”

Vær ydmyg og åben for nye metoder, men stå fast, når

du mener, at have ret (NHVK-modellen)

45Frands Haahr ApS

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Tak for din opmærksomhed

46Frands Haahr ApS

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