Contents

Site Analysis

LocationTemparatureSolarWind Water

The Rise the City A La Carte

Personal Response Research

Precedents

Development

Jan Harmens33254426

Site Analysis

LocationMacro

LocationMeso, Micro

Annual Av. Temperature

Spring Av. Temp Winter Av. Temp

Summer Av. Temp Autumn Av. Temp

Temperature

Urban Heat Effect

Temperature Graphs

Stereographic Radiation

Radiation and Carbon Emissions

Sunshine Quantities

Annual Av. Sunshine

Spring Av. Sunshine Duration

Winter Av. Sunshine Duration

Summer Av. Sunshine Duration

Autumn Av. Sunshine Duration

Solar Shading Meso

Solar Shading Micro

Solar ShadingMicroWinter

Summer

Average Wind Speed

Wind Speed (Knots)

Annual Average Wind Speed

Autumn Av. Wind Speed

Spring Av. Wind Speed

Winter Av. Wind Speed

Summer Av. Wind Speed

Wind Analysis Graphs

Prevailing North East Wind Meso

Monthly Wind Rose Micro

Jan Dec

Annual Wind Rose Micro

Wind Shading

Wind Pressure Over the Site

Water Analysis

Av. Monthly Rainfall

Water Purification

100 Year flood up to +9.50mHigh tide +9,20m

Liverpool (Alfred Dock)02:38 - High Tide 09:04 - Low Tide 15:00 - High Tide 21:34 - Low Tide

TIdal Changes

FloodingMeso

FloodingMicro

Water Treatment for use within the Design

Geology Meso

Meso

BoreholesMicro

Borehole Composition

3D Site Section

Listed Buildings

Albert Dock Warehouses

- Grade 2 listed buildings- Constructed 1844- Designed by Jesse Hartley- 1 storey- Granite rubble

The Museum of Liverpool

Mann Island

- Grade 2 listed building- 1881 - Classical/ Victorian- Common brick structure- blue and red brick dressings

Railway Pump Station

Royal Liver Building

- Completed May 2009- Designed by Hamilton Architects- 3 storeys- Clad in lime stone- Mixed use (Tickets/information, Beatles storey, restaurant)

Pier Head Ferry Terminal

Building Use

Material Source

Trade Routes

To/From Liverpool

OOCL and hapag lloydAntwerp, BelgiumBremehere, GermanyMontreal, Canada

ACLHalifax, USANew York, USAPortsmouth, UKBaltimore, USAANtwerp, BelgiumBremerhaven, GermanyGothenburg, Sweden

ICLChester (PA), USAWilmington (NC), USAAntwerp, Belgium

Macandrews & CoIrelandRussiaSpainPortugalHolland

Bochad Lines LtdPortugalItalyGreeceTurkeyEgyptCastellon, SpainLebanonIsrealCyprus

BacolinerNigeriaGhanaIvory CoastMauritianaBermudaSouth AfricaColumbiaIndonesia

Transport Routes

Transport Numbers

Industry Shift

Circulation

Pedestrian Access

Pedestrian and Emergency Vehicle Access

The Virtualization of MetropolisThe Rise the City A La Carte

One Mans City

How Individual Cities Create Urban Development/Expansion

Individuals within cities create their own cities dependent upon their personal routines.

The Text Refers to Nodes to Represent Cities

Energy flows between these nodes in the form of public transport

Development of Transport Results in Cities Becoming Closer Together

As Distance is Measured By Time Between Places Cities Become Seen As Closer Together As Transport Becomes Faster

Personal Response Research

Brief:

As Liverpool during its golden age was at the peak of docking technology I have seen the importance of reestablishing the trait of using the latest technology within my design.

The site is now a tourist icon in the UK and I aim to create a building that with continue to attract tourists, but also provide a sustainable element to the tourist market as well as transport within Liverpool.

The aim is to design a space that will contain a hydrogen production element and research space for 30 scientists with an external space that can be manipulated for public use.

Location of Albert Docks

At the time of its construction the Albert Dock was considered a revolutionary docking system because ships were loaded and unloaded directly from/to the warehouses.

In 1848 the world’s first warehouse hoists which were moved by hydraulic power were installed at Albert Docks. At first the power for this came from Liverpool’s water reservoirs but in 1878 a hydraulic pumping station was finished to give the dock its own power supply. The building is now the Pump House pub.

The first fire-proof and brick-built warehouse system in the world was build at Ablert Docks in 1841. The stone work included granite from a quarry in Scotland especially bought by the Liverpool Dock Board. There were 23.5 million bricks and 47,000 tons of mortar. Over 13,000 piles

The first electric lighting for the dock was installed in 1895 from the dock’s own electricity supply and in 1914 the electricity was supplied from Liverpool Corporation’s electricity generating sub-station.

In 1845 the Albert Dock opened. It covered about seven and a half acres, had cost £721,756 to build (about £41 million today) and could welcome sailing ships of between 500-1000 ton cargo capacity.

Albert Docks now attracts more than 4.2 million people per year as a tourist attraction.

The Tourist Transport Network

Hop-On, Hop-Off Bus Tour

Mersey Ferry

Duck Marine Tour

Site

Chloroplast within a Plant Cell

Making Algae Cells Produce Hydrogen

When Algae model Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii is deprived of Sulphur it will produce Hydrogen during photosynthesis instead of Oxygen.

Normal Algae gives off 10-15ml of Hydrogen per 1250ml of solution over 10 days.

Scientists have manipulated the chloroplast cell so less sunlight is needed for photosynthesis to take place. This also means that cells below the top layer become productive as the top layer of algae doesn’t absorb all of the light.

Model Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii releases 64-112ml of hydrogen per 1250ml of solution over 10 days.

Model Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii

Tube Process

Tube Process Zoom in

Balloon collects Hydrogen for storage.

Collection tubes carry Hydrogen from the lower tank to the balloon.

Fresh algae is grown on the top layer to keep the process continuous.

Algae is deprived from certain nutrients so produces Hydrogen.

Warm damp space allows algae to grow.

Storage

Production

Balloon Process

305 000 000 Litres of solution

Volume Example For the Approximate Volume Obtainable on the Site

Fills one of the Dry Dock Inflatable Tanks with 30 500 000 Litres of Hydrogen

1 900 000 miles in the 2006 hydrogen BMW 7 series. (125 miles per gallon)

1830 000 000 miles in the 2011 Riversimple. (300 miles per gallon)

43 000 miles in the 2010 Pentalina (Pentland Ferries - Catamaran) carries 350 people and 75 cars. (0.2 miles per gallon)

The inflatable skin developed by NASA would perfectly suit the hydrogen balloons as they would withstand debris in space such as asteroids, this would be suitable to any wear and tear the skin may come into contact with in earths atmosphere as well as defence from terrorist attacks!

Possible Skin for the Inflatable Hydrogen Storage Balloons

Inflatable Aeroshell The inflatable aeroshell subsystem is composed of four sub-elements: inflatable bladder, structural restraint, gas bar-rier, and thermal protection layer.

The inflatable bladder is broken into three isolated volumes. The separate volumes add system robustness prevent-ing a single puncture from causing catastrophic failure of the inflatable. The bladder material is a silicone coated Kevlar fabric. The coated fabric offers significantly greater tear resistance than a film bladder without a substantial weight penalty. The three bladder volumes are laced together to create a single bladder element. A dry Kevlar fabric restraint layer holds the bladder assembly to the centerbody structure providing the load path.

Possible Skin 2

The restraint ply serves as a mounting surface for the re-entry gas barrier and thermal protection layer. The gas barrier, composed of Kapton (polyimide film), prevents hot gasses from being drawn through or infiltrating the thermal protection layer preventing the restraint and bladder sub-elements from being directly exposed to the heat of re-entry. The thermal protection layer is composed of layers of Nextel 312 cloth.

Example for the use of Skin 2

Should the balloon rupture or become ignited the H2 would dissipate so fast I doubt it would be any more dangerous than a natural gas leak. I also think the flame from H2 to be cool enough to touch. One reason for the fear of H2 has been the much associated with the Hindenburg, it is also been cleared of major responsibility in that incident.

Rupture Research

Site Solar Shading and Circulation

Maximum Shading

Minimum Shading

Access from Road Network

Access from Pedestrian Route

Use of Spaces

Program

Precedents

Portuguese Pavilion Expo ‘98

Architech: Alvaro SizaConstruction: 95-97Location: Lisbon, Portugal

I have looked into this project because of the canopy over the exteriour space. I intent my design to have an external canopy with connected structure. I also have looked into exterior canopies and how they have manipulated space to facilitate public space with various functions and degrees of cover.

The structure is reinforced concrete, the space covered pergola is a thin reinforced concrete slab about 20 cm thick, painted white, which is supported by steel cables (which act in armor) at two large blocks which are separated allowing light to enter between the slab and the porch.

Ground Floor Plans Upper Floor Plans

Longitudinal section through internal courtyard

West Elevation

Project SERVER 2009Architect: Alastair Parvin

This project is based around the fact that a majority of western civilisation is dependent upon the transport of food to consumer outlets. The increase in oil prices and depletion of oil as a natural resource is a huge global concern and this project provides a solution by creating green fuel.The project takes a section of the M1 motorway in the Midlands and investigates its redesign as a self-sufficient farming system. Based on existing processes, prices and capacities, it begins with the production of biodiesel from algae, and the residual biomass which is used as a cattle feedstock. These become the generators for a new fuel and energy distribution programme.

My project touches on this as I aim to develop a hydrohen production unit to power parts of the local transport network in Liverpool.

Exploded Anatomy of the Server Belt

Algae Urban Farm / ecoLogicStudio

The hybridization of this new model into a new proto-system has been achieved by introducing a set of new components/technologies: fully developed parametric and associative modeling of the entire building, allowing a direct real time manipulation of form and internal organization in relationship to microclimatic, structural and programmatic requirements; an innovative approach to materials and systems engineering, where thermal mass, radiation control, cooling and on site carbon sequestration and renewable energy generation has been embedded in the architectural fabric of the building; this has been achieved by introducing the technology of algae farming directly in the facade and partitioning system of the building. This technique allows for real time adaptation of the skin properties; the facade will be an ever changing living system negotiating seasonal weather patterns and interacting with programmatic and socio-economic developments.

Algae-Powered Skyscraper Filters Air in Polluted Cities

The ‘City Respiration Skyscraper’ designed by Czech architects Pavlína Doležalová and Jan Smékal is a helicoidal 240 meter-high structure designed to clean the air of the most polluted cities worldwide. Its primary structure is a concrete ribbon covered by air-cleaning algae. The outer cel-lular structure is a three-dimensional cluster of individual concrete three-spike units inspired by sea sponges. This helicoidal structure acts as a chimney where warm and polluted air is captured at the bottom and filtered and oxygenated by the algae and a specialized water-sprayed system. A network of these skyscrapers strategically placed in the most polluted areas could clean a city in a couple of weeks.

Solar Powered Skyscraper Cools the Environment

Designed by Kenneth Loh and Michelle Lim this project is an investigation for a new urban prototype of solar powered towers. The entire façade is covered with a thin membrane of solar cells and a water collector system. The main idea is to develop a green building with different types of programs. The building core is a hollowed cylinder that moves hot air from the surface and creates micro-climates for gardens, farm fields, and recreational areas. Residential units for low, medium, and high density are attached to a continuous ramp or street. Along the entire structure there will be ‘pockets’ of different sizes and materials for cultural and educational areas. The building is connected to an underground cistern with a power plant. Rainwater is collected, filtered, stored and used to produce sufficient energy for the entire community. A series of these towers will cool the environment and solved the housing problems of some urban settlement worldwide.

Algae Fueled Skyscraper for Disaster Zones

The Rescuer Skyscraper is an algae hydrogen-powered floating skyscraper proposal to be used as temporal shelter for disaster zones. It could also be used during the rehabilitation and reconstruction of the affected areas.The project is based on the idea of producing bio-fuels through an ingenious algae farm that covers the top part of the structure. The algae will absorb CO2 as its main nutrient for photosynthesis and will produce hydrogen to be used in bioreactors.

Hydrogenase in Shanghai, China by Vincent Callebaut Architect

Between engineering and biology, Hydrogenase is one of the first projects of bio-mimicry which draws its inspiration from the beauty and the shapes of the nature, but also and especially from the qualities of its materials and its self-manufacturing processes. The new green revolution is really in progress and enables us to design the air mobility of the foil after shock, 100% self-sufficient in energy and zero carbon emission! This inhabitated vertical aircraft inaugures a clean and ethic mobility to meet the needs of the population in distress touched by the natural and sanitary catastrophes, and all that without any runway! Its architecture is subversive and fundamentally critical towards the ways of living of our contemporary society that we have to reinvent totally!

Algae Hydrogen Balloon Fuel by 20/2 Collaborative

Bio-CityArchitects: Stefan Shaw, John DentProject: 2009 Skyscraper Competition

Façade as algae bio-reactor

Since algae need sunlight, carbon-dioxide and water for their growth, they can be cultivated in open ponds. However, the unassisted growth in open ponds is slow, alternatively, for use in the vertical city, algae is grown in closed photo-bioreactors, where the environment is better controlled.

Bio-cities

Three towers constituting a massive 1,850,000 square meters of facade area, allow for algae bio-cultivation to take place within plastic tube photo bio-reactors integrated within the double skin facade. With the cultivation of 150,000 gallons of refined algae oil per hectare, this adds up to an impressive 1,300,000 barrels of renewable bio diesel produced by Bio-City each year. 1.3m barrels of oil are capable of producing 2,300gw/h of energy per year. This is enough to support Nedw York for 18 whole days.

Algae As A Bio-Fuel

Algae is the fastest growing plant on the planey as he biggest consumer of CO2. Over 50% of Algae’s bio mass is oil. This Oil can be used to produce bio-fules, a renewable energy alternative. Bio-diesel produced using algae contains no sulphur, is nontoxic and highly biodegradable. it takes 5 minutes to do what previously took 5000 years.

Project: Super trees With Aerial Walkways - Gardens by the bay, Singa-pore.Architects: Grand Associates and Wilkinson Eyre.Competition: 2011 Phase 1.Construction cost: 67 million Singapore dollars.

Gardens by the Bay will be Singapore’s largest garden project and is central to the country’s continued development of Marina Bay. Managed by the Singapore‘s National Park Board, the gardens will feature two cooled conservatories – the Flower Dome (cool dry biome) and Cloud Forest (cool moist biome), as well as themed horticulture gardens, heritage gardens, and hundreds of thousands of plants from around the world. UK landscape architects Grant Associates are responsible for all the gardens in the Bay South area.

The Supertrees, which are tree-like structures ranging in height from 25 metres and 50 metres in height. There will be 18 Supertrees, which act as vertical gardens covered with tropical flowering climbers, epiphytes and ferns. During the day, the trees and their huge canopies will provide shade, shelter and help moderate temperatures. Then at night, the canopies will come alive with special lighting and projected media. Eleven of the trees are embedded with solar photovoltaics to generate electricity for lighting and water technologies to help cool the conservatories.

Aerial walkways will connect a couple of the taller Supertrees together so visitors can see the gardens from up high. And the 50 meter Supertree will feature a treetop bistro offering panoramic views of the bay and the surrounding gardens. Bay South at Gardens By The Bay is expected to be complete in June 2012

Development

Initial Massing

Developed Massing

Phase One

Advised to continue but adapt the design to become more organic, cantilever floors . Also develop the inflatable bubbles over the external space to become more of a feature and less of a practical element to provide shelter over the space that can be manipulated for the publics use.Positive feedback on the idea of a restaurant and bar space as gives the design a use after the research laboratory and museum have closed in the evenings.

Phase Two

Feedback stated the design to be too big and complicated.Advised to focus one just one aspect and drastically reduce the size of the project as a whole.

Phase Three

The design has been revised and as the most important part is the hydrogen production facility this shall be area that will be focused on and other elements have been advised to be completely removed.Allow the architecture to show the main feature.

The building will use local typologies to blend into the landscape where as the public feature will spread out into the public domain allowing the architecture itself to show the difference between public an private spaces

Laboratory300m2

Secondary Laboratory100m2

Office 10m2

Staff Room35m2

3 WC’s

Massing