DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPEDEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECT OF DISTANCE LEARNING CT OF DISTANCE LEARNING

IN CHINAIN CHINA

Xuewei SUN Xuewei SUN

Qingjun DIAO Jichang YANQingjun DIAO Jichang YANSchool of Continuing EducationSchool of Continuing Education

Tsinghua University, ChinaTsinghua University, China

Sophia Antipolis, France, 6 May, 2002Sophia Antipolis, France, 6 May, 2002

A. Survey on Distance Learning in A. Survey on Distance Learning in Higher Educational Institutions in Higher Educational Institutions in Mainland ChinaMainland China

B. Situation of Distance Learning in B. Situation of Distance Learning in Tsinghua UniversityTsinghua University

C. Some Thinking About Development C. Some Thinking About Development of Distance Learningof Distance Learning

A. A. Survey on Distance Learning in Survey on Distance Learning in Higher Educational Institutions Higher Educational Institutions in Mainland Chinain Mainland China

a. System and management organization a. System and management organization on distance learningon distance learning

b. Students who are learning via distance b. Students who are learning via distance educationeducation

c. Transmission modesc. Transmission modes

a. System and management a. System and management organization on distance learningorganization on distance learning

Science & Technology Department

Student Management Department

Higher Education Department

Office of Educational Technology

Ministry of Education China

Experts Consulting Group next subject>>

Chinese modern distance education standard committee

Chinese Resource Construction Committee for Modern Distance Education

Division of Distance Education

National Modern Distance Education Coordination Organization of Chinese Universities

Higher education department

Division of Satellite Station

General standard of modern distance learning

Data and metadata standard

Standard relative to learners

Platform and tools standard

Working group subjects

Strategy research, Investigation

Associate Group for Modern Distance Associate Group for Modern Distance Education of China Higher Education Education of China Higher Education

InstitutionsInstitutions

1.1. Secretary Group (Unit in Charge: Secretary Group (Unit in Charge: Tsinghua University)Tsinghua University)

2.2. Teaching Management Group (Unit in Teaching Management Group (Unit in Charge;Beijing Normal Univ.) Charge;Beijing Normal Univ.)

3.3. Educational Technology Group (Unit in Educational Technology Group (Unit in Charge, Peking UnivCharge, Peking Univ..))

Chief unit of group: Tsinghua UniversityChief unit of group: Tsinghua UniversityVice chief units of group: Vice chief units of group:

Peking Univ., BeijiPeking Univ., Beiji

ng Normal Univ., China Png Normal Univ., China People’s Univ., Shanghai Jiaoeople’s Univ., Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., Hunan Univ., tong Univ., Hunan Univ., Chongqing Uinv. Chongqing Uinv.

Chair of Group: Prof. Hu Dongcheng, ViChair of Group: Prof. Hu Dongcheng, Vice President of Tsinghua Univ.ce President of Tsinghua Univ.

Vice Chair of Group:Prof. He Fangchuan,Vice Chair of Group:Prof. He Fangchuan, Vice President of Peking Univ. et al. Vice President of Peking Univ. et al.

Secretary General:Prof. Yan Jichang, ExSecretary General:Prof. Yan Jichang, Executive Vice Dean of School of Continuinecutive Vice Dean of School of Continuing Education, Tsinghua Univ.g Education, Tsinghua Univ.

Vice secretary general:Prof.Hou Jianjun, Vice secretary general:Prof.Hou Jianjun, Chief of Division of Distance Learning, PChief of Division of Distance Learning, Peking Univ., et aleking Univ., et al

List Of Universities Which Are Approved To List Of Universities Which Are Approved To Do Distance Learning Test By the Ministry Do Distance Learning Test By the Ministry Of Education Of ChinaOf Education Of China

(1) First 31 Universities (July, 2000):(1) First 31 Universities (July, 2000):

Tsinghua Univ., Peking Univ., Zhejiang Tsinghua Univ., Peking Univ., Zhejiang Univ., Beijing University of Posts and TelUniv., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommucations,hunan Univ., Shanghai Jiecommucations,hunan Univ., Shanghai Jiaotong Univ., Beijing Normal Univ., Chinaotong Univ., Beijing Normal Univ., China North-east Univ., a North-east Univ.,

Fudan Univ.,etcFudan Univ.,etc

(2)Second 7 Universities (end of 2000):(2)Second 7 Universities (end of 2000):

Chinese East Normal Univ.,Xiamen UniChinese East Normal Univ.,Xiamen Univ., etc. v., etc.

(3) Third 7 Universities (2001): China Ag(3) Third 7 Universities (2001): China Agriculture Univ., Nankai Univ., etcriculture Univ., Nankai Univ., etc

Tasks of the Associate GroupTasks of the Associate Group1.1. Study the policy and rule for Study the policy and rule for

developing DLdeveloping DL

2.2. Promote the infrastructure constructionPromote the infrastructure construction

3.3. Evaluate the DL qualityEvaluate the DL quality

4.4. Enhance cooperation and academic Enhance cooperation and academic exchanging (international and exchanging (international and domestic)domestic)

5.5. Provide the basic information for Provide the basic information for MOE; Consulting MOE; Consulting

b. Students who are learning via b. Students who are learning via distance educationdistance education

Three Educational Systems of China Three Educational Systems of China Higher Education Higher Education

Ordinary higher education

full time student Ordinary diploma,degree

Adult higher education

fulltime studentPart time studentAdult diploma,degree

Self-taught exams

Part time student diploma, degree

Higher Education in China

Students (data up to Nov. 2001)Students (data up to Nov. 2001)

8, 136

40, 896

63, 232

125817, 568

690

14400

0

10, 000

20, 000

30, 000

40, 000

50, 000

60, 000

70, 000

Ori gi nal Uni versi t i esPost GraduateOr i gi nal UndergraduateAdul t Undergraduate f rom two- year col l egeAdul t Undergraduate f rom hi gh schoolAdul t Three Years Col l egeSecond Di pl oma UndergraduateNon- di pl oma, degree

Students (data up to Nov. 2001)Students (data up to Nov. 2001)231, 772

228, 554

226, 000

227, 000

228, 000

229, 000

230, 000

231, 000

232, 000

Cent ral Radi o&TV Uni v.

Adul t Undergraduate f rom two-year col l ege

Adul t Three Years Col l ege

Total Students Total Students (including Original (including Original

Universities and Universities and Central Central

Radio&TV Univ.): Radio&TV Univ.):

607,838607,838

c. Transmission modesc. Transmission modes

Transmission Modes (38 universities)Transmission Modes (38 universities)

38

13 11

32

8

0

10

20

30

40

I nternet 100%Satel l i te 34.2%Cabl e TV 28.9%Vi deo Conference System 84.2%Other (Radi o etc. ) 21%

(1) China Education Broadband Satellite Net(1) China Education Broadband Satellite Net (CETV: Central Education TV)(CETV: Central Education TV) Open from Oct. 31, 2000Open from Oct. 31, 2000 It provides: Audio, Video Broadcasting, IIt provides: Audio, Video Broadcasting, I

P Program, etc. to Whole Country.P Program, etc. to Whole Country. IP Data Broadcasting : IP Data Broadcasting : Distance Learning Course Distance Learning Course Peking University, Central Radio &TV univ.,Peking University, Central Radio &TV univ.,

China Agriculture Univ., Beijing University China Agriculture Univ., Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, etc.of Posts and Telecommunications, etc.

Communication Satellite:Sino-1Communication Satellite:Sino-1 KU Band, 6A transmitter, Down transKU Band, 6A transmitter, Down trans

mitting central frequency : 12620MHzmitting central frequency : 12620MHz

(2) Tsinghua university (2) Tsinghua university

Communication Satellite: Asia-2, KU BanCommunication Satellite: Asia-2, KU Band d

Bandwidth: 6.5 MHz Bandwidth: 6.5 MHz

Specially used to transmit living broadcasSpecially used to transmit living broadcast course, multimedia courseware, teachint course, multimedia courseware, teaching assistant materials, etc.g assistant materials, etc.

B. B. Situation of Distance Learning Situation of Distance Learning in Tsinghua Universityin Tsinghua University

Planning as a wholePlanning as a whole

Driving by demandDriving by demand

Extending and openingExtending and opening

Improving the qualityImproving the quality

1. Guidelines1. Guidelines

2. Running System at Present2. Running System at Present

Tsinghua University has set up 113 teaching Tsinghua University has set up 113 teaching

stations located in all the provinces, autonostations located in all the provinces, autono

mous regions and municipalities except Tibemous regions and municipalities except Tibe

t in China. Most of them are set up in higher t in China. Most of them are set up in higher

education institutes (such as Yunnan Univ., education institutes (such as Yunnan Univ.,

Sichuan Radio and TV Univ., etc.)Sichuan Radio and TV Univ., etc.)

3. Transmission Modes and Tests 3. Transmission Modes and Tests on Various Modes of Interactive on Various Modes of Interactive Distance LearningDistance Learning

InternetInternetSatellite Digital Broadcasting NetworkSatellite Digital Broadcasting NetworkCable Radio&TV NetworkCable Radio&TV Network

The basic mode for teaching stations out-The basic mode for teaching stations out-of campus is the coordinated running of of campus is the coordinated running of satellite network and computer networksatellite network and computer network

Communication Satellite: Asia-2, KU Communication Satellite: Asia-2, KU Band Band

Bandwidth: 6.5 MHzBandwidth: 6.5 MHz

IP Data Broadcasting is the focus in later IP Data Broadcasting is the focus in later developmentdevelopment

Real-time interactive talk and answer Real-time interactive talk and answer system uses these several modes:system uses these several modes:

a.a. Satellite VSAT SystemSatellite VSAT System

b.b. ISDN Video Conference SystemISDN Video Conference System

c.c. Video&Audio Phone SystemVideo&Audio Phone System

d.d. Real-time Interactive System on the Real-time Interactive System on the NetworkNetwork

System scheme of distance learning in Tsinghua Univ.System scheme of distance learning in Tsinghua Univ.

Cable TV Network Transmission Platform Cable TV Network Transmission Platform China has the biggest Cable TV NetworChina has the biggest Cable TV Networ

k in the world and it is broadband high-k in the world and it is broadband high-speed network which can transmit multspeed network which can transmit multi-channel educational or other programi-channel educational or other programs.s.

We have made a test on Distance LearnWe have made a test on Distance Learning by using Cable TV Network with thing by using Cable TV Network with the cooperation of Xiamen Cable TV Trae cooperation of Xiamen Cable TV Transmission Centernsmission Center

Tests on Network Distance LearningTests on Network Distance Learning

On Beijing Science and Education On Beijing Science and Education Information Network(ATM 155M), all Information Network(ATM 155M), all the courses are web-based.the courses are web-based.

Tsinghua Univ. Network School has Tsinghua Univ. Network School has opened 137 network courses and 397 opened 137 network courses and 397 network self-study coursewarenetwork self-study courseware

4. Levels and Types of the Courses4. Levels and Types of the CoursesTraining programs of High Technology and Training programs of High Technology and

Modern Business ManagementModern Business ManagementAdvance studies as postgraduate level:Advance studies as postgraduate level:

Management of Enterprise,Management of Enterprise,Computer Application Techniques, Computer Application Techniques, Civil and Commercial LawCivil and Commercial Law

Adult Diploma EducationAdult Diploma EducationEconomics, Law, EnglishEconomics, Law, EnglishArt Design, Environmental Art Design, Art Design, Environmental Art Design, Garment Art DesignGarment Art Design

StudentsStudents

Training of High Technology and Advanced ModTraining of High Technology and Advanced Mod

ern Business Management ern Business Management >2000>2000

Advance studies as postgraduate level Advance studies as postgraduate level 62006200

Management of Enterprise Management of Enterprise 33213321

Computer Application Technology Computer Application Technology 19521952

Civil and Commercial Law Civil and Commercial Law 461461

Students (Cont.)Students (Cont.)

Adult Diploma Education Adult Diploma Education 52005200

Freshmen of Autumn 2001Freshmen of Autumn 2001

English English 382382

Economics Economics 765765

Law Law 853853

Art Design Art Design 752752

Total Total 27522752

5. Quality Guarantee System5. Quality Guarantee SystemExamine and approve teaching schedules Examine and approve teaching schedules

and syllabi strictly, ensure them accord with and syllabi strictly, ensure them accord with the requirement of Ministry of Educationthe requirement of Ministry of Education

Choose excellent teachers to teach, to offer Choose excellent teachers to teach, to offer courseware scripts and to participate in courseware scripts and to participate in courseware’s producecourseware’s produce

Carry out discussion, tutorship and question Carry out discussion, tutorship and question answeranswer

Stringent examination system: Establish Stringent examination system: Establish and keep strict examination discipline and and keep strict examination discipline and good examination atmosphere good examination atmosphere

Signed Contact with the Exam Center Signed Contact with the Exam Center of the Ministry of Education in Mar. of the Ministry of Education in Mar. 14, 200114, 2001

The exams of Distance Learning of The exams of Distance Learning of Tsinghua University will be organized Tsinghua University will be organized by the Exam Center. This is useful to by the Exam Center. This is useful to guarantee the exam quality and reduce guarantee the exam quality and reduce the exam costs. the exam costs.

6. Distance Learning Does a Favor 6. Distance Learning Does a Favor to Developing Western Chinato Developing Western China

There has established 24 teaching stations in There has established 24 teaching stations in Western areas.Western areas.

There are There are 38213821 students now, among students now, among themthem：：

Advance studies as postgraduate Advance studies as postgraduate 18771877

Adult Diploma Education Adult Diploma Education 444444

Training of High Technology and Advanced Training of High Technology and Advanced Modern Business Management Modern Business Management 15001500

Preferential Methods to Western Preferential Methods to Western AreasAreasWith more recruit numbers in Western With more recruit numbers in Western

areasareasThe tuition fee of Adult Diploma The tuition fee of Adult Diploma

Education in Western areas is 50% offEducation in Western areas is 50% offThe tuition fee of Advance studies as The tuition fee of Advance studies as

postgraduate in Western areas is 30% postgraduate in Western areas is 30% offoff

7. Many units of Tsinghua Univer7. Many units of Tsinghua University actively develop online educasity actively develop online educationtion

School of Architecture and Graduate School of Architecture and Graduate School in Tsinghua Univ. etc. are School in Tsinghua Univ. etc. are developing and using online courses developing and using online courses for training postgraduates and for training postgraduates and engineering mastersengineering masters

8. Cooperation with abroad8. Cooperation with abroadCooperation with WBI in Mar. 2001Cooperation with WBI in Mar. 2001

“Challenge and Opportunity of Globalization “Challenge and Opportunity of Globalization and China’s Entry into WTO”and China’s Entry into WTO”8 distance stations participated8 distance stations participatedTotally 420 students and 297 passed.Totally 420 students and 297 passed.

The course is running the second time during The course is running the second time during Aug.-Oct. this year.Aug.-Oct. this year.

Other partnersOther partners

MUCIA, APRU, NIME, and Osaka Univ., etc.MUCIA, APRU, NIME, and Osaka Univ., etc.

C. Some Thinking About Development C. Some Thinking About Development of Distance Learningof Distance Learning

Orientation and function of Continue Orientation and function of Continue Education in Tsinghua UniversityEducation in Tsinghua University

PrinciplesPrinciplesCan’t take too much the resource in the Can’t take too much the resource in the CampusCampusCan’t damage the reputation of Tsinghua Can’t damage the reputation of Tsinghua UniversityUniversityFocusing on Non-diploma and Non-degree Focusing on Non-diploma and Non-degree educationeducationFocusing on in-service studyFocusing on in-service studyFocusing on distance learning Focusing on distance learning

Diploma and degree Education should Diploma and degree Education should consider the endure ability of the consider the endure ability of the universityuniversity

Excellence students in the society can Excellence students in the society can get diplomas of Tsinghua Universityget diplomas of Tsinghua University

“ “Engage on the internal work, Neaten Engage on the internal work, Neaten the stations, Perfect the service, the stations, Perfect the service, Improve the quality”Improve the quality”

Integrating the campus resource, avoiding Integrating the campus resource, avoiding overlap and no order competitionoverlap and no order competition

Exploring the mechanism of the Exploring the mechanism of the industrialization of training educationindustrialization of training education

Ensure Tsinghua’s leader position in the Ensure Tsinghua’s leader position in the universities in developing distance universities in developing distance education. Preparing to compete with education. Preparing to compete with education organizations in our country and education organizations in our country and from aboardfrom aboard

Enhance the service system for Distance Enhance the service system for Distance Learning, including network service, Learning, including network service, digital library, etc.digital library, etc.

Colleges and Academic departments Colleges and Academic departments should encourage faculties to devote into should encourage faculties to devote into Distance Learning and set up the Distance Learning and set up the reputation of Distance Learning of reputation of Distance Learning of Tsinghua UniversityTsinghua University

Tsinghua Network School has been set up in Tsinghua Network School has been set up in April 2000. Tsinghua University Educational April 2000. Tsinghua University Educational Administration Office and the School of Administration Office and the School of Continuing Education have started the project of Continuing Education have started the project of web-based courseware production.web-based courseware production.

With the upgrading of China Education and With the upgrading of China Education and Research Network, we carry out more distance Research Network, we carry out more distance education through web nationwide.education through web nationwide.

To enhance collaborations with the institutes To enhance collaborations with the institutes beyond Chinese mainland is very important.beyond Chinese mainland is very important.

Thanks for your Thanks for your attentionattention