DEVELOPING A NATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEM IN THE HE

FIELDS OF HEALTH, MEDICINE AND FAMILY PLANNING

Dr. R. K. Sanyal

Director,

National Institute of Family Planning.

New Delhi.

1. Introduction

One of the main reasons why man has come to be the dominant species 'of thespaceship earth is the fact that humans have been endowed with the capacity to commu-nicate with each other with uncanny accuracy. so that concerted efforts may be madeto better the life of the community. Natural barriers to communication existing fromantiquity like distance. time, language. dialect have more or less been conquered byhuman ingenuity with its major achie;'ement of evolution of written speech and transla-tion. The documents which carry written speech not only communicate with personsin far flung areas but also serve as our link with the past and the future. The progressin this .regard has added a new dimension to the problem and that is of 'volume'. Somuch information is being generated, so many ideas are being: expressed that it is nowimpossible to absorb even a fraction of the same. The reader has to be selective sothat his most precious asset 'time' is not .vhiled away in useless pursuit of informationwhich is of little relevance. Out of this need of taking the proper info r rnat io n at theproper time to the proper person. has grown the art and sc ience of Documentation as apart of Information System network.

Let us analyse the process of human work, work dedicated to survival, growthas well as prosperity. The process is basically the same whether it is a housewifeworking on a meal,or an engineer working on a dam. The steps logically are awarenessof an imperative need. assessment of the potent ia l available, study of utilisation ofresources under similar circumstances by others. planning, execution and assessmentof the results with the ultimate objective of learning from experience.

The bigger the task, bigger are the magnitudes of information necessary at allLevels. Further needs are specific, but information available on the subject may not bethe same. The whole purpose of info r mat ic n system is to provide for specific informa-tionpromptly when required.

Development or so c io t ec ono rr i.c progress has a good indicator in the healthservices. For proper utilisation of human resources, and for proper fulfilment ofhuman desires. a state of good health is v it a l , health in this context being defined asby WHO "as a state of ccmplete physical, mental and social well-being and not mereabsence of disease or infirmity".

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Health is intimately associated with nutrition and environment. It is a humanvirtue to tak c care of its sick. Family Welfare Planning is linked with health servicesand at present would appear to be a vital component of developmental strategies.

Our national Government since 1947 have paid atten'tion to comprehensive healthdevelopment, and instituted a number of national programme s for assuring communityhealth .

Al l this calls for decisions at all levels with different magnitude of financialimplications, and the decision to be correct can only be taken in the background ofcurrent situation and current knowledge provided by accurate information system.Thu s the need for a documentation centre providing accurate, uptcdate and specificinformation cannot be over empha sized.

In this paper, it is proposed to study the magnitude of the need, both with regardto information and persons needing the same. The present system as it exists is scantand inadequate, but should a lso be examined so that plans for future development fullyutilise the resources already developed and build upon the same to meet the challengesof a dynamic development programme.

2. THE NEED OF DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF PERSONNEL

The information to be supplied by Documentation Centres to be meaningfulmust be tailored to the individual needs of the clientele. While it is not possible tomake pre -planning for all the individual needs, it is possible to categori se the indi-viduals and a scertain the type of services that will be needed by them •. The individualneeds will be mostly in this range, but for exceptional cases special individual stepsmay ha ve to be taken.

There are 4 broad groups of per sonnel in the field of Health, Medicine andFamily Planning requiring services as follows:

1. Per sons concerned with decision making proce s s,2. Persons concerned with implementation of the programmes - both official

and voluntary agencies.3. Per sons concerned with teaching, training and research.4. Miscellaneou s group s,

The more important a person is in the decision making hierarchy, less is thetime he can spare for perusal of documents. The information base may be extensive,but the same will have to be condensed to the essentials in a clear, coherent and com-prehensive manner indicating the source for further reading if necessary. The varyingneeds will also have to be categorised in order of priorities, and this will call fordecision making in the centre itself. Thus the personnel required in a documentationcentre should not only be those responsible for collection, categorisation and mainte-nance on the one hand, and those concerned with retrieval, reprography and dissemi-nation on the other,but also with those who can condense information into compactdoc ument s, containing all the essentials.

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21 Persons concerned with Decision-making Processes

The persons concerned with decision making processes require uptodate infor-mation on current situations. trend s, in their own domain as well as in allied andr~late.d fields. They also require imormatio~ on past experiences and on similars it uat ion s elsewhere in the world. Such personnel can be sub-grouped as:

i, Policy makers and Planners. usually officers of Planning Commissionand Ministrie s,

Information has to be provided to them on current issues (factual. publicopinion,etc. ) in extremely condensed manner which must be very accurate. along withexperience of other s facing similar problems and further indicate current trends ofthought on the subject.

11. Such top level per sonnel are usually supported at a lower level by officer swho are concerned with giving information. clarification and attend meetings asofficer s on attendance. They require more detailed information and actual statisticalfigures. and lists of studies on a particular issue like bibliographies and location listsand selected reprodu.:.hons for their own individual study. Actually in the present "setup, they prepare the note or memorandum far consideration by the decision makers.T~u s a specialized service for the higher level may apparently seem to be redundant.but in actual practice "it is not so. as an outside look on momentous issues is alwaysworthwhile.

111. Political and social leaders. irrespective of affiliations should also haverelevant information on issues of interest. so that they may criticise and guide publicpolicie s in the right directions. Social organisations concerned with giving voluntaryservices should have information. so that their limited resources are utili sed in themo st competent manner. The se group of people would require annotated bibliographie s ,and articles containinginforrnation and viewpoints. "fhu s their need s are in betweenthe above two sub-categorie s,

22 Persons concerned in Implementation

The service s of the Documentation/Information Centre are required by twocategorie s :

i. The programme a drrdn i st r at or s, like top officials of the programme.e. g. Directors. Project Directors,etc. Though these personnel act within the broadguidelines set up by decision and policy makers within the broad programme plan. theyhave to adjust the machinery according to exigencies of circumstances and also givefeedback to the programme.

ii. The other category of personnel are those in direct contact with the fieldper sorme l acting in supervisory capacity. They are in a po sition to spot snag sandreport for corrective action. For this. they have to Be alert and on the look out forsnags which have appeared elsewhere in similar situations. how they hav e been tackledand with what re su It, Thus their need will be about field problems at micro and

1 11Vol 23 No 1 Mar 1976

.·rilll"" le vc l . be t t cr roct h: .i s oI 1'1' t iv ui:.. 11 ;~nd scr vi co ('I' all .: c'lh ct:e ('1 • 1- '-

·1 It h .

.Ag in the need will depend on Job spe c if ic at ion s , which in the field of Health." Care and F'a rr ilv P'Iannmg I'l"aybe as.

a. Tra ner sCc rno-urrira to r - . Health educators. motivators.Service personnel - Medical Staff. auxiliary staff.Research/Evaluation personnel -

Biomedical. demegraphic. sociologistsanthropologists. media officers.

h.c.d.

21 Persons concerned in Teaching. Training and Research

i. Senior faculty. concerned with planning. guidance in execution.evaluation and write up of research processes.

ii, Junior faculty concerned with carrying out of research projects.

iii, Students and r e se a i ch a s si s ants.

iv. Teachers.

v, Te chnic a l staff.

As a r uie , the research workers will be interested in research reports and.i r igina l work. whereas teachers will be more interested in current thought s, reviewscf llterature as well as in newer audio-visual aids and in teaching technology. Theresearchers will be primarily interested in bibliographies. rep r in t s, annotations andabstracts. Me dla r s /Medline services. whereas teachers will be interested in proceed-ings of conferences s yrnpo s ia , workshops. monographs, rnanua l s , book reviews. etc .•though there will be a considerable amount of overlap. This is the total group whichuses and w il l use services of a documentation/information centre most extensively.The mterest of the research group will also include translation services.

24 Miscellaneous Group

It 1S drffi cutt to categorise lone persons, who due to one reason or other requiremformation on health. medical care and family planning aspects. It may be a lonephy sic ian asking fer information on a specific problem. or an entrepreneur thinkingof the market before venturing in drug. or nutritional- supplement industry.

1, EX/STING FACILITIES

.' The exist.ing facilities in India are of crucial interest to us but today coopera-'lGn be~ween reg icna l countries and international agencies bridge many gaps which. t he r wi se w.o~ld ~ot be filled for years to c orr-e . .Awareness of such facilities stimulate,heir full ut il isat ion, A b r ie f description of facilities available in India ill b f 11 dh. d . . '. w e 0 owe

y a esc~lptlOn of state-of-art 10 ether countries. and finally about available inter-.at i o na I a id 5

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31 Situat ion in India

A documentation information system to be fully active should have clearlyidentified personnel in need of their services (category wise) in 'Directory' form.The directory will also help member s of group to identify each oth er in their respec-tive fields of specialisation. This is of utmost importance in avoiding unnecessaryduplication of efforts. The documentation/information system should have a goodlibrary ba se to dra w upon information. They may prepare acquisition lists. biblio-graphies. annotations of bot h regularly published as well as fugitive material and sendthe same to relevant groups. This should be backed by reprint service. Furtherfrom time to time reviews of allied papers. books. etc. may be brought out either asseparate volume s or a s parts of regular issue s of journals. Thu s a good documenta-tion/information network will have:

i. good libra ry ba seii. documentation service

iii. reprography

Such a situation does not exist anywhere in the South East Asia Region dealingwith health. medical care and family plaJlninl problems at a Jlational level.

In India. the nearest approximation may be possible. if resources of NationalMedical Library. Lfbva r y of All India Institute of Medical Sciences. and activities aswell as resources of newly started documentation centre of National Institute of FamilyPlanning (NIFP) are integrated. The NIFP is considering convening a workshop ofrelated agencies to work out the frame work of such a setup.

The facilities and services available at present are:

i. Nationa I Institute of Family Planning

The Institute library prepares bibliographies. directories on researchand training fa cilit ie s. annotated lists of recent additions to the library. index ofcurrent literature based on periodicals. press clippings,etc. The documentationcentre has started functioning in a rudimentary way and has prepared its first set ofquestionnaires and abstracts to identify its clientele. The centre when fully function-ing, will provide abstracts of papers and books, index, bibliography and translationservices. It will also attend to specific queries.

The library and documentation centre as parts of Information and Audio-VisualDivision which includes editorial and reprography sections. The reprography serviceswill be augmented, and centre fully developed with more acquisitions aided by a grantfrom United Nations' Fund for Population activities. The Institute is publishing the'Journal of Population Research'. in which abstract on current topics are integralpart s. The Government of India is actively considering merging the Institute withNational Institute of Health Administration and Education (NIHAE), when the scope ofthe merged Institute will embrace all aspects of Health and Family Planning problems.At present NlHAE is bringing out a quarterly journal on public health. family planningand population and also giving some bibliography services.

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. ii. National Medical Library - situated just behind the Ie MR b~ildings andadJac~nt. to. the All India Institute of Medical Sciences. the library prcvides referenceand blbliography services to the medical profession in the country. It brings out unioncatdl'gu,- (medical Periodicals in Indian libraries.

ii: Library of All India Institute of Medical Science s (AIIlAS)

Tho:'! library named after the first Director. Dr.B.B. Dixit provides servicesto students. staff and research workers of all levels. The library has been enrichedby doriat io nj, .r o rn collections of Fuetan, Raj Kuma r i Amrit Kaur and Cot Amir Chand.It contall.,;. 2.:..000 volumes of boundjournals. 37.000 books. 8.000 pamphlets. mcno-gr ..•.phs and reports. and subscribes to about 500 periodicals. A considerable number.J' back volumes of journals have been procured. Services provided include reference

demand. bibliographies and photo-duplication.

h·, I -t it ute for Research in Reproduction. Bombay

It [Jl ides reprint services to researchers on biomedical aspects of population.nd family F '·nning.

v , Central Health Education Bureau. New Delhi

The '~dEl" Library has brought out a select bibliography on health educationand another ,.•....uud io-v isua l aids.

vi. Institute of Rural Health and Family Planning. Gandhigram

The library provides reference services to researchers and trainees of theInstitute.

vii. International Institute for Population Studies, Bombay

The tibrary publishes a quarterly acquisitions list and compiles bibliographieson fertility and family planning.

viii. Family Planning Association of India. Bombay

ThE"Association publishes a quarterly journal called Journal of Family Welfare(English) and a monthly newsletter - Planned Parenthood.

ix, Office of the Registrar General India. New Delhi

The Library lasues acquisition lists (quarterly), serial list and bibliographies,such as bibliography of social studies in India.

In addition to all these. there are Central Training Institutes (total 7 includingNIFP). 44 Health and Family Planning Training Centres. 12 Demographic and Commu-nication Action Research Centres located in academic institutions and universities. anumber of important and special institutes like Post-graduate Institute of'MedicalEducation and Research (Chandigarh). Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate MedicalEducation and Research (Pondicherry). All India Institute of Physical Medicine and

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Rehabi~itation (Bombay), All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health (Calcutta),All Irid ia Institute, of Speech and Hearing (My sore), National Tuberculosis Institute(~angalore), All India Institute of Mental Health (Bangalore), Hospital for MentalD'i se a se s (Delhi), Central Leprosy Teaching and Research Institute (Chingleput),Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (Delhi), V. Patel Chest Institute (Delhi),Haffekin's Institute (Bombay), Tropical School of Medicine (Calcutta), et c ; of the set~~ first two are general libraries, whereas others are devoted to their own specia-htles., In addit~on there are 105 medical colleges, all with libraries. Thus relativelyspe ak ing there 1S no dearth of material, and a broad base exists for development of aNational Documentation - Information network in an integrated manner.

Docu mentation centre s inc lude :

Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre (INSDOC)' Regional DocumentationCentre in Human Reproduction, Family Planning and Population Dynamics of SEAROoffice of WHO in New Delhi, Social Science Documentation Centre of Indian Council ofSocial Science Research (ICSSR, SSDC) all of them in Delhi. Documentation Train-ing and Research Centre (DTRC) in Ba nga lo r e is a research and training institute setup by Indian Sta.t is t i.ca l Institute

The following tools are available:

Indian Science Abstracts (INSDOC), Union Catalogue of Medical Periodicals inIndian Libraries (NMLi. Regional Union Catalogue of Scientific Serials, Delhi MedicalL'ib r a r ie s (INSDOC)' Indian National Bibliography (Central Reference Library,Calcutta)', Health Statistics of India (Directorate General of Health Services, DGHS)'Directories of Medical Colleges (DGHS), Directories of Hospitals in India (DGHS),Directories of Spe c ia Lis ed Treatment Centres in India (DGHS), Pharmacopoeia of India(DGHS), Indian Pharmaceutical Guide (Pomposh Publication). Indian Medical Register(Medical Council of India), Union List of Social SCiences Periodicals (ICSSR), VitalStatistics of India (Registrar -General of India).

32 Situation in Indonesia

Indonesia has made rapid strides in developing a nation wide programme ofdata system, in accordance with directives based on Presidential decree No.8 of 1970and 33 of 1972. The matter was regarded as one of great urgency to provide for com-prehensive programme evaluation and review system. The data system concept em-brace assistance to executives, researchers, evaluators, and help in manpowerdevelopment. A s a fir st step, uniform service statistic s data system wa s organisedin 1971 with computer precessing and rapid mailing service.

In October, 1973, the initial steps were con solidated and a National Informationand Documentation net work on Family Planning/Population was constituted. TheMicro thesauraus of Carolina Population Centre was translated to Indonesian. Theagency worked in close collaboration with East-West Centre at Honolulu, ESCAP aswell as Carolina Population Centre.

In two years the network procured the hardware, some 5000 titles, fugitivematerial (2000), periodicals (12) and prepared a directory of special libraries. It is

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producing list of publications, accession lists, bibliographies, journal of researchfinding s, technical reports, area reports, current awareness ser vic ejet c, It hasworked out reader-profiles and an information dissemination system.

It has also developed a plan of action for 5 years development of the network toinclude manpower development, induction of new units and subunits in the system,production of union catalogues, assessment of future needs, development of materialcollection, study of dissemination and utilisation and evaluation of network services.

3'3 Situation in Thailand

Bangkok, which appears to be the focal point of development is also the seat ofUN-ESCAP, population division clearing house and information section.

Most of the data system is based on universities of Chula long kor n and Mahidolas well as National Institute of Development Administration. The Institute of Popula-tion and Social Research (Mahidol Unit) has a proposal to strengthen its library and adata bank us ing a computer.

34 Other Adjacent Countries

In Nepal, a country with a population of about 12 million, there are about10 major librarie s,

Bangladesh, which came into being as an independent sovereign country on16 December, 1971 has a population of about 75 millions and an alarming populationgrowth rate. The medical colleges, and national organisations like Bangladesh FamilyPlanning Board, Bangladesh Family Planning Council, Bangladesh Family PlanningA ssociation, Directorate of Training, Re search, Evaluation and Communication havetheir libraries but all in rudimentary stages with no sizeable collections. A centraldocurrierit at ion service is visualised which may be based on Bangladesh Institute ofDevelop menta I Studie s,

The situation in Srilanka is at slightly more advanced stage, the FamilyPlanning Association being a very active one. Library facilities exist in Ministry ofHealth, Institute of Hygiene, Govt. Ayurvedic Training College, and also in Institutefor Training of Nurses. There are two university medical faculty libraries in Colomboand Peradeniya, and a medical library with Srilanka Medical Association. TheRegional Office of International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) is located inSrilanka.

Thus. there is a great scope of development of an information network in thewhole of South East Asia Region. This is of importance, not only because the prob-lems are similar, but also as diseases, specially of infective nature do not usuallyha It at the bo rder s.

35 International Regional Facilities

There are two very important international regional centres: one in New Delhilocated in the Regional Office of South Ea st Asia of the World Health Organization,

116Ann Lib Sci Doc

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and the other at ESCAP Population Division, Clearing House and Information Section,at Bangkok.

The library at SEARO of WHO e rnb r a c e s all relevant topics, related to health,medical care and family planning, but its do cu me ntat ion centre is on 'Human repro-duction, family planning and population dynamics'. The library collects books,periodicals, indexing and abstracting periodicals, fugitive materials, and has goodliaison with ESCAP, Bangkok; Carolina Population Centre, Chapel Hill; HarvardC entre for Population Studies, Ma s s a ch us et.t s ; Information Population Programme ofGeorge Washington University; (all in U.S.A.), East-West Centre, Honolulu; andIPPF, London. Further the library provides .Medlars-Medline services through WHOheadquarters at Geneva. A number of bibliographic and reference material havebeen produced. 'An aid to the teaching of human reproduction, family planning andpopulation dynamics' is revised annually. Four annotated bibliographies on (i) SteroidContraception; (ii) Family Planning Programmes; (i ii) Male Reproduction and-FertilityCentre; and (iv) Intrauterine Devices have been brought out. Its information dissemi-r.at ion area embraces Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, S'r iIa nk.a and Thailand.

The ESCAP Clearing House is actively engaged in improving channels of com-munication in the Asian and Pacific Region with regard to population problems. It isestimated that the region covered contains 5.8 per cent of world population with annualgrowth rate of 2. 5 per cent.

The second Asian Population Conference, held in Tokyo, 1972 recommendedspecific tasks in field of exchange of population information. The Centre attempts tocater to the s~ and ha s included r e se a r c h a mong it s activitie s, Th; re search is notonly of diagnostic type in order to recognize need or scope of activities, but also onbibliography control system, and evaluation.

The ESCAP ha s identified key institutions arid per sonnel and ha s developed anA sian network of population corre sp on d ent s. Its translatio~ service, a very importantcomponent .of its activities was based on a diagnostic research embracing 671 organi-satio·ns and a study of the same will be a rewarding expe r ienc e for anyone interestedin information experiments (See SEA/F. p. Dec. Sem-16-SEARO-WHO, New Delhi).

36 Other International Facilities

The 'Index Medicus' is the large st indexing periodical covering 2400periodicals. The National Library of Medicine (Bethesda, Maryland, USA)started a programme for acce ss to biomedical literature in 1879. In 1962,the li brary started to develop computerized system for producing 'IndexMe d ic u s ! which became operational in 2 years time. The system was decentralisedby establishing a network of MEDLARS (Medical Literature Analysis and RetrievalSystem) in USA and some other countfies llke Australia, Sweden, U. K., and whatis most important to us in WHO, Headquarter at Geneva.

The data base of MEDLARS on magnetic tapes include some 200, 000references from 2400 important biomedical journals and can be searched bycomputer for rapid composition of bibliography on a specified subject.

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The Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is the basic indexing and searchingtool with about 8000 headings with 60 sub-headings like diagnosis. occurrence.advance effects etc.

Medlars services are now available on line and called "Medline" services.To ut il is e this service. it is necessary to have access to a Medline terminal.The WHO - Headquarters Library is linked with computer data base at NationalLibrary of Medi-cine. If one has an access to a teletypewriter attached to theterminal. one can get immediate information.

The WHO service can be availed of by a request to WHO-SEARO libraryor to headquarters library direct using a form. copies of which are available freeof cost to health administrators. medical. health and research institutions. andmedical and research workers in the field.

Population Information Programme at George Washington University.called 'PIP' has two components:

i. Publications on Contraceptive technology. summarising recentdevelopments in well documented. well illustrated format. This is essentialfor any collection on population and is available free.

11. Retrieval System 'Popinform' on a data base containing literatureand statistical data includ.ing programme, evaluation and demographic statistias.It may become a part of Medline service under a separate head.

Another computerised information service is located in TechnicalInformation Service (TIS), of Carolina Population Centre at University of NorthCarolina, Chapel Hill. USA. This service is available on mail request. Databa se is the TIS library having 30,000 article s in social, psychological, demographicaspects of family planning, including policies. a-dministration, evaluation,communication. manpower development,etc. Documents are only available toresearchers. Requests are to be sent to the reference librarian, who mails the lists.Photocopies of selected papers are provided on request.

The entire catalogue of TIS is available in microfiche and can be usedwherever microfiche readers are available.

The other sources of information are International Planned ParenthoodFederation; Population Council, New York; East-West Communication Centre.Hawaii; Committee for International Coordination of National Research inDemography (CICNRED, Paris); Karolinska Institute. Stockholm; and Populationindex of Princeton Univer sity. U. S. A.

4_ PLANS FOR THE FUTURE

How do we visualise an Information network?

There are three components involved:

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HEALTH. MEDICINE AND FAMILY PLANNING

1. Acquisition2. Analysis. Storage. Retrieval. Reproduction3. Dissemination

41. Acquisition

Any constructive activity is need-based and we have examined theof per sonnel in need of information and the type of information required.also reviewed the existing facilities.

catagorie sWe have

As we have seen that maximum of information is generated abroad and we haveaccess to the same through international agencies. Any library or individual mayavail of services free of cost or at a low cost. provided he knows where to apply.

Collection of such materials is costly and much of the money spent in gathering"such material may be utilised in g"athering information not available through suchsources. The difficulty is about getting information about articles published inlanguages other than English. The ESCAp is looking after S. E. Asia region andprovides translation services which may beof interest to us. One hopes the needywill also have access to articles published in languages like Chinese, Japanese inyear s to come.

The idea of na+io na ; infor matlon network on Health. Medical Care and FamilyPlanning is favoured. This network should have institutional and individual corres-pondent'S tor gathering information, and should have link with all available int er nat iona linformation centres. It may have as its base the relatively well equipped libraries ofDelhi and the Do curne nt at ro n Centre at NIFP. The institutions and correspondentsmay be identified to carry out the following functions:

iii.

i, Government correspondents at all levels - to notify about deve1.opmentsin Government policies. personnel changes, legislat'ion, health andlamily planning intelligence and also answer specific queries.

Academic correspondents should give information about new researchprojects, data on freshly concluded projects. or progressiv~ da~a o~ongoing schemes. also on available facilities and pr oble rnat ic sltuatlons.

ii.

Academic bodies and societies - information about meetings. changes instaff. proceedings of conferences. workshops, seminars along with a,llpapers presented, and also in identifying persons in need of information.

iv. Press correspondents and persons interested in social work to providenews, newspaper clipping, expressed public opinion. and ~lso aboutirr.po rt ant events in related fields likely to have repercuSslOn on Health .•Medical Care or F'a rr-ily Planning.

Both academic correspondents and institutions may help with translation

services as well.

The cost with this system. when a person or institution takqs up correspondencework in addition to routine duties is likely to be minimal.

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42. Analysis, Storage, Retrieval, Repyoduction

A national information network system to be really effective should havecomprehensive information which is classified and can be retrieved easUy and madeavailable pr0"l>tly. One can learn from lessons o r development of other large infor-mation systems. A fir.t step will be development of subject heading •• If informationis received in precoded forms giving technical details (filling of which should be easyafter consulting a manual), storage will be easy. In any l.rge scale operation a comp u-terised storage may be most economical in the long run and assistance for same maybe available from international agencies as a part of developmental plans.

Till such time, improved technology takes over, uS1lA1library classificationand thesaurus use will have to·serve.l

The information may be sought from computer by computer access ter mina lin central and state headqllArters, important naUollal orlalli.aUolls and ultimatelyin all districts. It has be ell predicted that computer costs will fall. and a computeraccess terminal may cost about 50 U. S. dollars ill times to come. (See SEA/FP/Doc.Sem/l2-SEARO-WHO). All these may be done in pha.es.

Till such time. one may ask and obtain specific information either by telephoneor by mail.

the reproduction of information either for all individual 01' for a group callsfor microfilm photocopymg and mass-reprography services.

43 Dissemination

Dissell'ination should be research based by identification of the individualsand their usual needs. Relevant directories and mailing Usts are to. be prepared andevaluation studies undertaken from time to time. Tbe dissemination of informatienshould include reference services. annotated 1>ibliographies, conference reports,calender of courses, book review, etc , , and specific information to queries.

The importance of correct, corr-p r ehensive and timely information cannot beoveremphasised in developmental processes. The returns are high on investmentsin terms of costly mistakes avoided. We have a good base which can be supplementedby linking with other international information systems. With a good organisation anduse of modern technology, one can build upon the existing base to provide a worthwhileinformation service system. ...t least the time is now ripe when we should seriouslyLc.o k into the possibilities.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A number of book sand docurnent s were consulted in preparmg the paper whichare listed in bibliography. I a", most thankful for personal discussion with Miss BatesBuchner. Head of Technical Information Services. Carolina Population C~ntre. US.•••SaTYashr i S. C. Dhir and S. K. Anand of WHO, SEAROi Shri M. M. L. Goyal. NewDelhi, Shri C. Dabra 1 of National Medical Library. New Delhi. and Dr. S. K. Ba su

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of NIFP. I am grateful for exchange of views with all pa rt ic ipant s of Regional Seminaron Documentation in the field of Human Rep r oduc t icn, Family Planning and PopulationDyna rnic s held in New Delhi 28 April to 2 May. 1975.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.7.

8.

10.

"- II.

REFERENCES

Plan of Act ion for Indian National Info r rnat ic nand Docu mentation network on fa mily planningand population -

A country report - Nepal

Country Report - Indonesia

Country Report - India

Country Report - Bangladesh

Country Report - Thailand

Contribution to docurr-e ntat ion in field ofhuman reproduction. family planning andpopulation dyna io ic s from Thailand

'Country Report - Srilanka

9. Plan cf Action - Indone sia

An introduction to regional Doc ument ationCentre on human reproduction. familyplanning and population dynamics

Mediars /MedUne

12. Source s of Information out side South Ea stAsia Region

13. Role of International Organisations in theDocumentation field

14. The challenge to the network of populationcorre spondent s of the ESCAP

15. A sian re sources for a population libraryinformation network

16. Establishment of a pcpu lat ir n library anddocumentation c ent r ey'irifc r rnat ion net'~'crkamong countries c f EC.AF£ r"gion

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SEA/FP/Doo. Scm/33

SEA/FP/Doc. Sem/16

SEA/FP /Doc. Semi 13

SEA/FP /Doc. Sem/15

SEA/FP/Doc.Sem/14

SEA/FP/Doc. Sem/l 7

SEA/FP /Ooc. Sem/18

SEA/FP /Doc. Sem/20

SEA/FP/Ooc. Sem/32

SEA/T'P/Doc. Sem/4

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