AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 1

OBDBr-2 Highlights

and Opportunities related to I/M

Prepared by Michel Zambon Alves

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 2

� OBD Introduction

� OBDBr Regulations

� How does OBD work?

� OBDBr-2 Highlights

� USA I/M Program Overview

� Final Considerations

Main Topics

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 3

OBD Introduction

� OBD is a real-time, on-board monitoring system integrated into the Powertrain Control Module (PCM)

� It monitors emission related components and systems as the vehicle is being driven

� Objectives:

� Reduce high in-use emissions caused by emission-related malfunctions

� Reduce time between occurrence of a malfunction and its detection and repair

� Allow quick diagnostic of emission-related malfunction

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 4

OBD

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Examples of OBD Standards

OBD-II JOBD

EOBD OBDBr-2

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CONAMA RESOLUTION 354/2004CONAMA RESOLUTION 354/2004CONAMA RESOLUTION 354/2004CONAMA RESOLUTION 354/2004

� general requirements

� implementation phase-in

OBDBr-1

OBDBr-2

REGULATORY INSTRUCTIONSREGULATORY INSTRUCTIONSREGULATORY INSTRUCTIONSREGULATORY INSTRUCTIONS

� detailed technical requirements

OBDBr-1

126/2006

OBDBr-2

Proposed text sent to CONAMA2010 201160% 100%

2007 2008 200940% 70% 100%

OBDBr Regulation

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 7

How does OBD How does OBD How does OBD How does OBD work?work?work?work?

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Practical Example

Background Background Background Background –––– Ignition System MonitoringIgnition System MonitoringIgnition System MonitoringIgnition System Monitoring

Important: there are other possible

OBDBr-1 / OBDBr-2 monitoring strategies

OBDBrOBDBrOBDBrOBDBr----2222OBDBrOBDBrOBDBrOBDBr----1111

Coil 1

Coil 2

Coil 3

Coil 4

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Practical Example

Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3

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Practical Example

Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3

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Practical Example

Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3Misfire on cylinder #3

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 12

OBDBr-2 Highlights and Peculiarities

� AFR RANGES MONITOR ENABLEMENTAFR RANGES MONITOR ENABLEMENTAFR RANGES MONITOR ENABLEMENTAFR RANGES MONITOR ENABLEMENT

(oxygen sensors deterioration, catalyst)

� E19 to E30

� E90 to E100

� MONITOR DISABLEMENTMONITOR DISABLEMENTMONITOR DISABLEMENTMONITOR DISABLEMENT

(oxygen sensors, catalyst, misfire)

� blow-by warm-up phase (vaporization of fuel from the oil)

� fuel inferring and learning

� IMPORTED VEHICLESIMPORTED VEHICLESIMPORTED VEHICLESIMPORTED VEHICLES

� volumes up to 1000 units / semester / vehicle configuration � original OBD-II or EOBD certification

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 13

OBDBr-2 Highlights and Peculiarities

� VIN and CALIDVIN and CALIDVIN and CALIDVIN and CALID info available to the scan tool

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Enhanced or Basic I/M requirement is based on Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) classification for ozone and CO non-attainment areas

USA I/M Program Overview

2002200220022002

OBD I/M

1974197419741974

NEW JERSEY

1978197819781978

I/M POLICY

1996199619961996

OBD-II

1995199519951995

ARIZONA, COLORADO

1992199219921992

ENHANCED

BASIC

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 15

� visual inspection of emission control devices

� pre-1981 MY: idle testing (HC, CO)

� 1981-1985 MY: two-speed testing (HC, CO)

� 1986 MY on: loaded-mode testing (HC, CO, NOx)

� OBD-II checks

� visual inspection of emission control devices

� idle testing (HC, CO)

Enhanced I/MBasic I/M

USA I/M Program Overview

Typical Tailpipe Emission Related Inspections

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 16

IM240: loaded-mode transient test ASM: loaded-mode steady-state test

USA I/M Program Overview

Enhanced I/M Emission Test Cycles

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 17

Dec, 2001 Dec, 2001 Dec, 2001 Dec, 2001 ���� EPA OBD Policy WorkgroupEPA OBD Policy WorkgroupEPA OBD Policy WorkgroupEPA OBD Policy Workgroup

Jan, 2002 Jan, 2002 Jan, 2002 Jan, 2002 ���� EPA required that States implement OBDEPA required that States implement OBDEPA required that States implement OBDEPA required that States implement OBD----II checks inII checks inII checks inII checks inI/M lanes and discouraged additional tailpipe testingI/M lanes and discouraged additional tailpipe testingI/M lanes and discouraged additional tailpipe testingI/M lanes and discouraged additional tailpipe testing

Nov, 2002 Nov, 2002 Nov, 2002 Nov, 2002 ���� EPA OBD Policy Workgroup Findings:EPA OBD Policy Workgroup Findings:EPA OBD Policy Workgroup Findings:EPA OBD Policy Workgroup Findings:

� Oregon and Wisconsin data shows average OBD failure rates very similar to tailpipe testing

� Necessary repairs to deactivate the MIL and to comply with I/M tailpipe testing have similar average costs

� OBD appears very effective at finding emissions related failures on very high mileage (over 100,000 miles) vehicles

� OBD provides accurate diagnosis allowing the repairs to be more effective and minimizing consecutive I/M failures after a repair

USA I/M Program Overview

“OBD-I/M” vs Conventional I/M

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 18

USA I/M Program Overview

“OBD-I/M” vs Conventional I/M

ADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

� OBD thresholds are generally more stringent than I/M standards

� Scan tools are used instead of dynamometers and gas analyzers and they are far less expensive

� Safety concerns related to dynamometer operation can be avoided

� Test times are significantly faster

DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

� OBD regulations are generally delayed in relation to I/M ones

� Technical people would need to be properly trained to perform OBD inspections

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 19

Final Considerations

� OBD effectiveness increases with introduction of OBD Checks in the I/M programs

� OBD Checks can potentially avoid increase in cost and test time as I/M requirement gets more stringent following the Emission Regulation for new vehicles

� Correlations tests (OBD Checks vs conventional I/M emission results) are fundamental to support further I/M regulation definition

� Only by end of 2011 there may be significant number of OBDBr-2 vehicles in need of repair

AEA SEMINAR - Apr 2nd, 2009PAGE 20

Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!Thank you!

contact: contact: contact: contact: malves13@ford.commalves13@ford.commalves13@ford.commalves13@ford.com

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