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DESCRIBING TRENDS.

What is going up.

What is going down.

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In this lesson: Trend Vocabulary. Trend sentences.

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Trend Vocabulary: Ups & Downs

Trend Up. increase rise rocket surge grow explode shoot up recover peak improve incline soar float Ascend

Trend Down. decrease Ebb Reduce plunge plummet falter slide slip halve drop decline dip Descend

Other. remain constant/ stable level off reach a plateau fluctuate Hover

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Nouns. upturn/ downturn recovery explosion fluctuation growth improvement

Adjectives. steady constant dramatic noticeable considerable consistent slow fast substantial rapid slight volatile conspicuous remarkable

Trend Vocabulary. Size of Trend.

Adjectives —> Adverbs. add _ly.

Examples: steadily dramatically slowly remarkably etc.

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The number of school students who chose tennis rose significantly from 7% to 12% between April and July.

There was a significant rise in the number of students who chose tennis, from 7% to 12% between April and July.

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Writing Trend Sentences: Two Key Structures.

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[The number of school students who chose tennis] [rose significantly] [from 7% to 12%] [between April and July].

[There was] [a] [significant rise in the number of students who chose tennis], [from 7% to 12%] [between April and July].

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Writing Trend Sentences: Two Key Structures.

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between April and July.

between April and July.

The number of school students who chose tennis

rose significantly

from 7% to 12%

Variable Trend Data Time

There was a/ an significan

t rise inthe number of students who chose tennis,

from 7% to 12%

dummy subject. Trend Variable. Data. Time.

Components Of Trend Sentences.

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Four Key Components.

VARIABLE

TREND

DATA

TIME

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Are the following sentences correct or incorrect?

1. The sales of ice cream was grow between July and September. 2. The average pay for women dropped slightly from $12,000 to just

under $11,000. 3. The percentage of holiday makers who stayed in a caravan was

falling big in 2006. 4. The graph increased dramatically after 2001. 5. In 1998 the number of cars in Kuala Lumpur was rising from 250,000

to 275,000. 6. There was a significant growth in the amount of people who

achieved a high IELTS score between 2004 and 2007. 7. In 2004 the amount of waste that was reused remained stable. 8. Subscriptions to online newspapers are increased by 17% in 2016.

Key: 1. N 2. Y 3. N 4. N 5. N 6. Y 7. Y 8. N

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Now Get Some More Practice!

Look at the prompts below. Write the sentences in full. Note that in some cases either pattern #1 or pattern#2 is possible. In other sentences the use of the noun or verb means that only one pattern is possible: Example: level sales/ drop/ steady/ 2004 to 2007. ==> The level of sales dropped steadily between 2004 and 2007. OR: There was a steady drop in the level of sales between 2004 and 2007.

1. significant/ fall/ number/ people going to university. 2. percentage/ males/ living alone/ shoot up/ 2005. 3. slight/ rise/ amount/ tourists/ visit Bali/ last year. 4. noticeable/ upturn/ television viewers/ afternoon. 5. sales/ soft drinks/ slump/ dramatic/ winter/ 34%. 6. percentage/ old people/ live in nursing home/ remain constant/ 63%/ 2006. 7. consistent rise/ population of Luxembourg/ 2 million/ 3.2 million/ 1999/ 2005. 8. level/ air pollution/ falter/ slight/ winter. 9. proportion/ water/ industry/ rise/ 30%. 10. percentage/ total spending/ entertainment/ average family in the UK/ reduce/

20%/ after 2008.

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Answer Key (1).

1. There was a significant fall in the number of people going to university. The number of people going to university fell significantly.2. The percentage of males who lived alone shot up in 2005.3. There was a slight rise in the amount of tourists who visited Bali last

year. The amount of tourists who visited Bali rose slightly last year.4. There was a noticeable upturn in the number of television viewers in

the afternoon.5. The amount of sales of soft drinks slumped dramatically to 34% in the

winter. There was a dramatic slump in the number of sales of soft drinks to 34% in the winter.

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6. The percentage of old people who lived in a nursing home remained constant at 63% in 2006.

7. There was a consistent rise in the population of Luxembourg from 2 million to 3.2 million people between 1999 and 2005.

The population of Luxembourg rose consistently from 2 million to 3.2 million between 1999 and 2005. 8. The level of air pollution faltered slightly in the winter. There was a slight falter in the level of air pollution in the winter. 9. The proportion of water used by industry rose by 30%. 10. The percentage of total spending on entertainment by an average family

in the UK reduced by 20% after 2008. There was a reduction in the percentage of total spending on entertainment by an average family in the UK by 20% after 2008.

Answer Key (2).