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DEPROFUNDIS Ingenium
SWAC SpecialistsRenewable EnergiesThermal Energy Solutions
Sea Water Air ConditioningServices & Solutions
DeProfundis Group
DeProfundis SARL (2009)
Renewable Energies consulting
DeProfundis Ingenium (DPI) (2011)
SWAC Systems
3
Customer is always involved in every step of the wayModular approach -> successive steps validated by the customer
Missions domains
Bruno Garnier Founder
Renewable energy engineer for the last 10 years. Former
director of the French BP Solar Polynésie
agency. Former technical advisor (for French Polynesian
Ministry of Energy). Consultant for numerous projects in
renewable thermal and electrical energies with Ifremer.
Matthieu Pebayle Project Manager
Generalist Engineer (From the ESPCI ParisTech school)
Specialisation in renewable thermal energies, double
degree in Environment Science&Policies (Science Po
Paris and Paris VI)
Baptiste Bassot Founder
Adviser in project funding and business management.
Specialist in large projects sales and management.
Master in Business Administration and deep knowledge
of international markets.
Youssef Khouya Onshore R&D
Specialist in thermal energies and construction site
matters. (Worked as a General Foreman).
bachelor Champs-sur-marne, License in Energy
Management and BTS in Industrial Maintenance.
Adrien Depaillat Project Manager
Aeronautical Engineer (From the ISAE-ENSICA : French
Graduate Institute of Aerospace Engineering). Expertise in
fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and computer
simulation (coding and signal optimisation).
Une équipe d’ingénieurs spécialisés dans le domaine maritime.
DeProfundis Ingenium Team
Tautu Offshore R&D
Master en Offshore Oil and Gas, Subsea Engineering
(Cranfield University), Ingénieur spécialisé en
Océanographie Physique et Instrumentation, Génie côtier,
Technologies Marines (ISITV).
DeProfundis SARL
SIRET 51757283000027
Capital 5000,00 Euros
DeProfundis Ingenium SAS
SIRET 75199147200026
Capital 133.200,00 Euros
112 Rue Ambroise Croizat, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
+33 1 4933 4374
101-0054 21- 3 Chome Kanda Nishikichō Chiyoda-ku, Tōkyō-to Japan
+81 80 3725 7512
Founders:
Bruno GARNIER : [email protected]
Baptiste BASSOT : [email protected]
DeProfundis – Data & ContactsCredits : Google Maps
A SWAC system pumps deep sea water.through heat-exchangers to cool a
secondary loop. This technology avoids and replaces standards electrical cooling
systems.
What is SeaWaterAirConditioning ?
Sea Water Air Conditioning
Buildings
Credits : DPI
A proven technology but
oversized projects
Hotel in Bora Bora
NELHA, Hawai
Downtown Toronto, Canada
Geneva, Switzerland
Cornell University, USA
Downtown Stockholm
SWAC examples
Problems
Return on investment
Cost of offshore works7
Electrical energy consumption reduction (at least -80%)
Environmental friendly : no more hazardous refrigerant, no CFC
Stable solution : renewable energy source available 24/7
Increased safety: no cooling tower
SWAC benefits
8
EFFICIENT, SECURE AND ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY SOLUTION
DPI’s major working areas
AN AFFORDABLE ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY AND SECURE SOLUTION
CAPEX reduction
Right-sizing : one-client orientation, or small cooling network
Local resources integration via patented technologies
Innovative offshore procedures
Environment issues tackled from the initial design stage
Horizontal directional drilling suggested for shoreline preservation
Respect of the photic zone for the sea water outtake design
Business model based on the cooling capacity, not relying on side-products
Easily adaptable to lakes
Moderate cooling need : small diameters
Moderate intake depth : reduced CAPEX
Heat exchangers in fresh water : no corrosion
September 2009, experimental prototype setup
Where : Bourget-du-Lac (Savoie), 7.5 kWth
COP : from 17 to 19 -> 85% of energy saved
User
Pump
Cold water intake
Warm water outtake
Heat exchangerCredits : DeProfundis
Credits : DeProfundis
SWAC usesMain application :
• Cooling – large consumers (airports, hospitals, datacenters)
Secundary applications :
• Heating (HeatPump)
• Energy storage
• Fish farms, Algae-culture (temperature control)
• Agriculture (temperature control)
• Desalinization
• Cosmetics and spa (side-products)
SWAC – References
Customer Date Location Description
IFREMER 2008 French Polynesia Pre-feasibility
French government 2009 France Lac du Bourget (France) : first lake project,
government-research-awarded prototype
realisation and implementation
GMR Group (Inde) 2010-
2015
Malé, Maldives Pre-feasibility study, response to the call for
tenders
Nice Airport 2011-
2014
Nice, France Feasibility and potential styudy
EDF Group 2011-
2012
NA Potential study in french territories. Pre basic
designs.
Oriental Morocco
authorities
2012-
2013
Oriental Morocco Feasibility and potential study
EDF Group,
Agence Française de
Développement
2013 NA Worldwide potential
EDF Group
La Réunion
2013 Guadeloupe Basic design, Basse-Terre Hospital (CHBT)
SWAC – References
Customer Date Location Description
Saint-Pierre Hospital
(CHUR)
2012-
2016
Saint-Pierre,
Reunion island
Feasibility, basic design and detailed design
EDF Group 2015-
2016
Port Est, Reunion
island
Feasibility and basic design
EDF Group 2015-
2016
Schœlcher,
Martinique
Feasibility for cooling network
EuroTunnel 2011-
2016
Samphire Hoe,
England
Feasibility and basic design for cooling
Eurotunnel with the English Channel
EDF Group 2016 Marrakech, Morocco Energy audit for Marrakech-Ménara Airport
SWAC : Saint-Pierre hospital, Réunion Island (2012-2015)
Key figures
Cooling power : 5,8 MWth
Cooling energy : 22 GWhth
Electricity savings : 5,4 GWh
Site : Saint-Pierre Hospital (Réunion Island), France
Project description
The Saint-Pierre Hospital (South Reunion) wishes to welcome a SWAC pilot installation.
Due to its localization and its high demand in fresh air, the Hospital turns out to be a
favorable location for a successful SWAC system. This will be the showcase for EDF
which will allow to assess its potential.
The study supplies all the necessary information for the investment decision. It includes
technical elements : process flow diagrams, material description, architecture and
connection charts, installation plans, calculation handbook and financial documents such
as suppliers consultations and permitting study.
Prospectives
Decision of investment by EDF early 2014.
Key-words : Hospital, Réunion Island, Indian Ocean
Background
The Reunion Island region puts
forward energy efficiency as a key
issue. Needs for air conditioning
systems are significantly developing
and represent half of the electric
consumption of the tertiary activity.
Sea Water Air Conditioning is a
process which allows for the almost
complete substitution of the electrical
energy dedicated to AC.Means deployed
3D Bathymetric study, visual recognition
Geotechnical studies.
Characterization studies of the flora and fauna (marine mammals, hydrological takings).
1
Credits : DPI
Partners
EDF SEI - ADEME - CHU Réunion – Abyss -
Université de la Réunion – Pareto – Artelia - RSMA
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Reduction by 80% of the electrical cooling consumption.
Deletion of the sanitary risk legionnaires' disease.
Outsourcing of the cooling production.
Reduction of the power failure risk.
Methodology
Rebuilding of the cooling demand.
Design of the SWAC installation.
Creation of the building procedures – onshore and offshore.
Redaction of the tenders.
On the fly discussion with local authorities.
References
www.arer.org/Lancement-du-projet-SWAC-au-
CHU.html?espace=Entreprises
http://fr.slideshare.net/babatte/rapport-energies-marines201331merged-
20805393
French marine energy report 2013
http://www.cgeiet.economie.gouv.fr/Rapports/2013_04_15a_RAPPORT_EN
ERGIES_MARINES_SANS_ANNEXES.pdf
They trust us :
Contractors
EDF – ADEME - Feder
CHU Réunion
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER [email protected]
EDF SEI, Project Manager – Energy savings, Loïc KERVAGORET
Specific features
Connection to an existing cooling network.
Reduced impact of the shore crossing based on a directional drilling technic.
Consideration of the island context. Use of the maximum local resources and task forces.
Instruction of a file of permitting with the DEAL.
Dialogue with the local authorities (city hall, marina) for the local construction sites.
Validation of a new SWAC concept.
Credits: DPI
SWAC feasibility study for the Nice Airport new terminal
(2011-2014)
Background
The French Southeast Region is
characterized by a saturation of the
electricity network. Nice region is also
highly urbanized. GroundWater is
widely used as a cooling resource,
which stresses its availability and
increases its temperature drift during
periods of peak demand.
Thus, the airport is looking at other
cooling sources, and new ways of
reducing its energy consumption, in
which AC plays a significant role.
Key figures
20.000 m²
4 million passengers
SWAC : 1,4 MW thermal
250 kW peak photovoltaic
Site : Nice-Côte d’Azur
(Riviera) Airport, France.
Project description
NCA airport plans an extension of its T2 terminal to host 4 million more passengers. The
official aim is to make a “positive energy” building.” building.
The purpose was to compare technically, environmentally and economically 3 solutions:
• A heat pump with ground water supply
• A heat pump with air cooling
• A deep sea water pumping (SWAC)
Photovoltaic panels to counterbalance electricity consumption were also investigated in
each case.
The deep seawater air conditioning system has been proven to be the most economical
and eco-friendly solution, due to the exceptional bathymetry of the French Riviera (Côte
d'Azur).
Prospectives
Design studies of the T2 terminal are about to
be launched. Thermic production design should
be launched soon after.
The terminal should open in 2019.
Key-words : Airport, Mediterranean Sea, Positive energy.
Means deployed
Bathymetric and sediment assessment.
Pre-analysis and interview of the environmental authorities.
Analysis of the possible subsidiaries.
2
Credits: DeProfundis
Partners
EDF Sustainable towns
EDF Riviera region
Specific features
Due to the specific temperature gradient of the Mediterranean sea, design of the cooling
distribution loop has to be re-investigated. Cooling ceilings are a smart way to further use the
distribution loop cooling power.
Below the thermocline, the Mediterranean sea is at 13°C. The SWAC system, producing the
base, can be coupled with a heat pump to face the cooling peak.
Nice is amongst the best spots of the western Mediterranean sea to settle a SWAC.
Discussions with the local environmental agency : DREAL, to reduce the environmental
footprint of SWAC.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Energy consumption decreased by 50%.
No stress on groundwater resources.
No extra-rooftops needed to settle the PV panels.
Little maintenance needs.
Methodology
Dynamic thermal simulations to estimate the thermal needs.
Feasibility of the 3 solutions.
Counterbalance with PV panels.
Environmental and economic comparison.
References
http://www.pss-archi.eu/immeubles/FR-06088-37486.html
http://cote-d-azur.france3.fr/2013/03/27/l-aeroport-de-nice-cote-d-azur-
privilegie-l-extension-de-son-terminal-2-224227.html
Referents
DPI, SWAC Project Manager, Matthieu PEBAYLE [email protected]
NCA Airport, Technical Direction, Camille TOTIER
Contractors
ADEME
Nice Airport
They trust us :
Credits : Site Aéroport Nice
Worlwide SWAC potential (1st Semester 2013)
Background
Although the SWAC technology has
already been implemented over the last
decades, it is still in its infancy, mainly
due to the heavy investment required
for its installation. However, this
technology reduces by 80% the
electrical consumption of a given
building compared to a regular air
conditioning system. Considered along
with the rising issue of energy, it is
taking more and more attention,
especially around islands where
electricity is produced at an increased
cost.
Key figures
Multi-parameter analysis featuring 11
different factors, and 2 cost functions
for a more complete evaluation.
Site : All over the world
Project description
This study has been carried out in order to get a big picture of the potential SWAC market
around the world. Only a few are currently operating, and it is now relevant to identify
where such a system could be wisely used, especially when the fossil fuels are sold at an
increasing price. Indeed, a properly designed SWAC installation is expected to induce
substantial savings in terms of the electricity consumption. It doesn’t use any harmful
chemicals and makes use of a cold water resource which is available on a 24/7 basis. In
the current context, it’s getting more attention and this study is aimed at targeting areas of
interest considering both technical and economical factors.
Prospectives
Around 150 different places were inspected
around the seven seas. A more detailed
feasibility study must be carried out to pinpoint
the most fitting spots in a determined area,
highlighted by the study.
Key-words : SWAC potential
Means deployed
Use of public data sources (such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
the Atmospheric Science Data Center, the National Earthquake Information Center, General
Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and
others...).
Credits: CMEMS
3
Partners
N/A
Specific features
The study takes into consideration technical parameters to assess the SWAC
potential of a given location. However, it also offers a socio-economical approach.
In order not to miss a good spot because of its political and economical situation,
both approaches are presented and compared. This study intended to cover all
the potential places around the world, and therefore all islands and all the
countries facing the sea or the ocean were investigated.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
This study gives a first glimpse of the most SWAC-friendly areas around the world
and provides guidance for further detailled inspection. If other SWAC systems
were to be studied, or for some feasibility-oriented study, it would be most
beneficial in the areas highlighted by the study.
Methodology
Several features were taken into consideration. Bathymetry and Temperature
gradient as well as climatology were noted along with population density, electricity
rates and GDP ppp. Earthquake and cyclone histories are noted as well to assess
the risk of such an event. All of these parameters were then weighted to make a
global evaluation of the SWAC potential. Two approaches were made : one using all
the factors, and one purely based on the technical ones, to get a better grasp over
the inherent potential of each place inspected.
References
Strategic study. Internal use.
Contractor
EDF
Referents
DPI, R&D department, Adrien DEPAILLAT [email protected].
EDF SEI, Project Manager – Energy savings, Loïc KERVAGORET
They trust us :
Credits: GEBCO and Google Maps
SWAC Potential of western Mediterranean Sea (2012-2013)
Background
In areas where the network is stressed
(island, developing countries …), every
means able to decrease electricity
demand are investigated. Morocco and
Corsica Island are willing to develop
renewable energy projects.
Sea Water Air Conditioning is a good
way to reduce energy consumption.
The particular case of the
Mediterranean sea (with a constant
13°C below its thermocline) make the
mediterranean SWAC different from
classical tropical SWAC.
Key figures
Target cooling power : 1 to 5 MW
1100 km of coast studied
Site : Corsica (FR), Morocco.
Project description
An installation SWAC depends on a multitude of criteria. The objective is to have an
exhaustive list of these criteria and to classify them to be able to determine if a site is
technically fitted to host a SWAC system.
Advanced bibliographical researches allowed to rule on each of the criteria. A coherent
scale of notation of these criteria was proposed and locations are then organized into a
hierarchy.
The result appears in the form of a map. Then EDF or coastal public administrations
would be able to localize strategic spots to implant a SWAC system and prospect for
customers.
Prospectives
Customers’ prospection can start based on
these results.
First mediterranean SWAC.
Key-words : Corsica, Morocco, potential.
Means deployed
Use of public data sources (such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
the Atmospheric Science Data Center, the National Earthquake Information Center, General
Bathymetrics Chart of the Oceans, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and
others...).
Credits : AMP
4
Partners
N/A
Specific features
The study takes into consideration various technical parameters to estimate the
SWAC potential of a given location. Mediterranean specificities are assessed. The
cooling distribution has to adapt to the temperatures that the sea can supply.
Advice to improve the distribution loop are given.
Integration of the French and Morrocan legislation about nature protection.
Strategic study for EDF or Maroccan wilayas internal use. SWAC systems are
replicable on various sites.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Direct customers' prospecting.
Guidances for feasibility.
80% reduction of energy costs to produce air conditioning.
Methodology
A dimensioning criteria list for a SWAC installation was created : for example the
deep bathymetry, the thermal gradient, the environmental requirements… A grade is
given to every criterion then the criteria are balanced according to their importance.
All the coastline is studied and the sites are ranked according to their mark.
The result is a map showing the most suited sites for a SWAC system.
References
French marine energy report 2013
www.cgeiet.economie.gouv.fr/Rapports/2013_04
_15a_RAPPORT_ENERGIES_MARINES_SANS_
ANNEXES.pdf
Contractor
EDF SEI
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER [email protected]
EDF SEI, Project Manager – Energy savings, Loïc KERVAGORET
They trust us :
Credits: BRGM
SWAC potential studies : French overseas departments
(2012)
Background
In French overseas departments:
Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion,
the electric network is under stress. EDF,
as manager of the global grid balance of
islands, tries to reduce all the electric
consumptions. The objective of this
document is to provide guidance for EDF
agents to prospect and find large
consumers of cooling energy on islands
to begin discussions about the possibility
of implanting a SWAC there.
Key figures
Target cooling power : 1 to 5 MW
1000 km of coast studied
Sites : Overseas French departments
Project description
A SWAC installation depends on a multitude of criteria. The objective of EDF is to have an
exhaustive list of these criteria and to classify them to be able to determine if a site is
technically fitted to host SWAC.
Advanced bibliographical researches allowed to gather material for each criteria. A
coherent scale of notation was set up and sites were then compared and evaluated.
The resulting map can be used as a tool for EDF to localize strategic spots to implant a
SWAC system and prospect for customers.
Prospectives
About ten sites will be prospected in
DOM(FRENCH OVERSEAS DEPARTMENTS),
an appropriate feasibility for every site must be
committed to validate the setting-up of SWAC
systems.
Key-words : Guadeloupe, Martinique, Réunion Island
Means deployed
Use of public data sources (such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
the Atmospheric Science Data Center, the National Earthquake Information Center, General
Bathymetrics Chart of the Oceans, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and
others...).
Credits NOAA
5
Specific features
The study takes into consideration various technical parameters to assess the
SWAC potential of a given location. Cyclonic and sismic constraints are
assessed. Integration of the French lesgislation about nature protection.
Strategic study, EDF internal use. SWAC systems are replicable on various
sites on each island.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Direct customers' prospecting.
Guidances for feasibility.
80% reduction of energy costs to produce air conditioning.
References
French marine energy report 2013
www.cgeiet.economie.gouv.fr/Rapports/2013_04
_15a_RAPPORT_ENERGIES_MARINES_SANS_
ANNEXES.pdf
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER [email protected]
EDF SEI, Project Manager – Energy savings, Loïc KERVAGORET
Contractor
EDF SEI
They trust us :
Credits : SHOM
Methodology
A dimensioning criteria list for a SWAC installation was created : for example the
deep bathymetry, the thermal gradient, the environmental requirements… A grade is
given to every criterion then the criteria are balanced according to their importance.
All the coastline is studied and the sites are ranked according to their mark.
The result is a map showing the most suited sites for a SWAC system.
SWAC feasibility : Basse-Terre & Schœlcher (2011-2012)
Key figures
Target cooling power : 1 to 5 MWth
40 % cost reduction compared to classic SWAC
Site : Basse Terre, Guadeloupe
& Schœlcher, Martinique.
Project description
The current design of SWAC makes it economically unprofitable for needs below town-
sized loads. Thus, it has to find side-products to meet a decent payback, such as the
use of deep water for cosmetics, or extensive communication campaigns about the
eco-friendy aspect. EDF has been focusing on the rentability on cooling use only.
The object of the study is the feasibility of a new concept of SWAC, taking into account
the specificities of each site. The geographical location of Guadeloupe and Martinique,
as well as their environmental constraints were studied to demonstrate the technical
feasibility and the profitability of a SWAC on these islands.
Prospectives
Design study on Basse-Terre
(Guadeloupe) and Martinique
launched later on
Key-words : SWAC, Guadeloupe, Martinique, EDF.
Means deployed
Use of public data sources (such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, the Atmospheric Science Data Center, the National Earthquake
Information Center, General Bathymetrics Chart of the Oceans, ...)
Credits: SHOM
6
Background
In French overseas departments:
Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion,
the electric network is under stress. EDF,
as manager of the global grid balance of
islands, tries to reduce all the electric
consumptions. The objective of this
document is to provide guidance for EDF
agents to prospect and find large
consumers of cooling energy on islands
to begin discussions about the possibility
of implanting a SWAC there.
Specific features
Consideration of the island global context. Use of local resources and task forces.
Compatibility with the local maritime capabilities.
Reduction of impact on the coastline with directional drilling technology for shorecrossing.
Analysis of the whole permitting process and identification of local authorities.
Dialogue with the local authorities (city hall, marina) for possible construction sites.
Partners
Mercator
CMEMS
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Permanent and local renewable energy.
Reduction from 80 to 90 % of the energy bill connected to the air conditioning.
This SWAC can be adressed to a big single customer (not limited to neighborhood).
Replicable on overseas island.
Methodology
Reflection around a new concept of SWAC.
Feasibility of an installation SWAC on these two sites.
Definition of the architecture.
Creation of construction protocols and list of the necessary needs.
Referenceshttp://www.cgeiet.economie.gouv.fr/Rapports/2013_04_1
5a_RAPPORT_ENERGIES_MARINES_SANS_ANNEX
ES.pdf
Contractor
EDF
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER [email protected]
EDF SEI, Project Manager – Energy savings, Loïc KERVAGORET
They trust us :
Credits: DPI
Cooling of a combustion turbine generator at Port Est,
Réunion island (2015-2016)
Background
The Reunion Island region puts forward
energy efficiency as a key issue. Needs
for air conditioning systems are
significantly developing and represent
half of the electric consumption of the
tertiary activity. Combustion engine
generators are required to protect the
electric network from failure at peak
demand, but they need extensive
cooling.
Key figures
Cooling power studied : 1 to 9 MW th
3 deep intake pipes evaluated
Cooling energy (client network): 4,4 GWh th /year
Site : Réunion island
Project description
A couple of combustion turbine generators is being setup at Port Est, on the Reunion
island. These require a great amount of cooling when being operated, but this happen a
few hours per year, when demand in electricity is high.
The goal of the project is to estiamte the investment cost and assess performance of a
deep water intake cooling system to cool the generators whenever required and supply a
network of customer with chilled water for Air Conditioning purposes. This is aimed at
studying the relevance of the construction of a cooling network for these clients.
Prospectives
A deep intake pipe can cool the
combustion engine generators without
sparing the AC for the customer
network identified in the study.
Key words : SWAC, TAC, Port Est, APS
Means deployed
Use of public data sources (CMEMS products, SHOM, CANDHIS, etc.)
Thermodynamic simulations of the intake pipe
Impact of expected construction project and cooling demand analysis from energy audits
7
Credits : EDF-SEI
Specific features
The study puts forward the sensitivity of the SWAC performance to the
size of the cooling load it is designed to meet. Great emphasis is laid
onto the impact of the expected delivery temperature (comparison is
made between a 7°C-delivered temperature and a 8°C one). The
different intakes designed abide by the French legislation in place
regarding nature preservation.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Customer search orientation to optimize SWAC profitability
From 70% to 80% of savings regarding A/C (depending on the intake)
A Deep sea intake allows for generator cooling and A/C of the netwok
simultaneously
Methodology3 intake pipes have been assessed ::
SWAC for cooling the local network + one combustion engine generator
SWAC designed with same characteristics as the SWAC designed for Saint-Pierre
SWAC for high cooling demand (9MW th).
SWAC design for each and suggestions for construction phase
Description of operating modes and performance
Estimation of electricity savings and cost investment
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER , [email protected]
EDF SEI, Project Manager - Energy efficiency, Galiléo BarbieriContractor
EDF SEI
Credits : Gebco and Google Maps
Credits : GeoPortail
They trust us :
SWAC : Schœlcher, Martinique (2015-2016)
Background
In French overseas departments, the electric
network is under stress. EDF wants to
reduce all the electric consumptions. The
objective of this document is to estimate for
different SWAC systems the expected
annual savings in electricity and their
investment costs. This will provide guidance
for EDF agents to prospect for large
consumers of cooling energy and to orientate
network studies.
Key figures
Cooling power studeied : 1,7 to 3,8 MW th
Cooling energy: 7 à 22 GWh th/year
Savings : 75% to 90% depending on the
network
Site : Martinique
Project Description
Air conditioning represents a large part of the electric consumption in islands lke the
Martinique. In order to save energy, EDF has looked into the potential grouping of various
cooling customers in Schœlcher municipality. To this effect, a series of energy audits has
been carried out by H3C Caraïbes.
The study shows for different SWAC designs their expected savings and investment
costs. EDF is then able to identify the potential cooling customer which are worth being
included in a global cooling network in the context of a sea water air conditioning system.
Prospectives
Various size of cooling network can be
supplied with a SWAC, including a cooling
gathering all the audited clients altogether..
Key words : SWAC, cooling network, Fort-de-France, Schœlcher
Means deployed
On site identification of potential construction areas for a SWAC setup
Use of public data sources (CMEMS products, SHOM, CANDHIS, etc.)
Thermodynamic simulations of the intake pipe for different sizes
Impact of expected construction project and cooling demand analysis from energy audits
8
Credits : GéoPortail
Partners
EDF SEI – H3C Caraïbes
Specific features
The study puts forward the sensitivity of the SWAC design to the size of
the cooling network. Impact of the delivered temperature is also
illustrated (7*C and 8°C target temperature are compared). French
legislation regarding nature preservation is studied and respected.
Some of the concerned officials were interviewed in order to initialize
discussions and better determine the complete horizon of people and
institutions to contact for the purpose of the project.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Customer search orientation to optimize SWAC profitability
From 75% to 90% of savings regarding A/C (depending on the intake)
The 3 scenarii are achievable with intakes of different diameters and
intake depth.
Methodology3 scenarii have been investigated :
1.7MWth SWAC (Madiana and UAG, existing chilled water loop)
2.5MWth SWAC (Madiana and UAG, complete cooling demand)
3.8MWth SWAC (All audited customers)
SWAC design and construction phase suggestions
Description of operating modes and performance
Estimation of electricity savings and cost investment
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER, [email protected]
EDF SEI, Project Manager - Energy efficiency, Galiléo BarbieriContractor
EDF SEI
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Credits : SHOM
Credits : CMEMS
They trust us :
Sea water cooling of the channel tunnel,
Basic design; England, Samphire Hoe (2016)
Background
Eurotunnel is looking for solutions
regarding the replacement/revamping of
its own air conditioning system. The
demand for AC is important as trains
release a lot of heat as a result of friction
between the air they push along the
tunnel and the walls, mostly. With the
English Channel at close range, Sea
Water Air Conditioning is one promising
way of investigation.
Key figures
Cooling demand : 82,5 GWh th /year
Estimated savings : 6,5 Gwhél / year
Site : Samphire Hoe Cliff, UK
Description du projet
EuroTunnel wishes to evaluate the savings induced by a sea water cooling system
connected to the English channel. A previous feasibility study shown that significant
savings were to be expected, based on values from 2014 and 2015.
The goal of this project is to estimate the Eurotunnel cooling load for 2020, and to further
design the corresponding SWAC system accordingly.
The study gives estimates for costs regarding different SWAC sizes, and electricity
savings, along with construction protocoles adapted to the Samphire Hoe layout, to better
anticipate the construction.
Prospectives
A sea water cooling system would allow for
significant savings in electricity regarding A/C
and would drastically increase the cooling
performance of the UK-based cooling facility
Key words : SWAC, Eurotunnel, English channel
Means deployed
On site identification of potential welding areas for a SWAC setup
Interviews with environmental officials to get familiar with local legal framework
Use of public data sources (CMEMS products, SHOM, CANDHIS, etc.)
Thermodynamic simulations for different intake pipes and cooling load estimation
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Credits : EuroTunnel
Partners
N/A
Specific features
The study takes into account the seasonnal variation of the English channel
temperature (Shallow depth intake). Sensitivity to heat wave and global warming
is evaluated. Contact was initialized with the Marine Management Organisation,
Natural England, and the Environment Agency to get a better picture of the
institutions concerned by such a project. Suggestions for constructions take into
account the local geographical constraints and pipe mechanical bending
stresses.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Expected savings are significant, as anticipated in feasibility
The project keeps in line with the wish for consumption reduction
Advantages
- cool the tunnel with a local resource
- cool the tunnel and the chillers condensers during episodes of large demand
MethodologyA cooling load has been estimated with Eurotunnel for 2020
A sea water intake has been designed accordingly
The impact on electricity savings is evaluated with 3 scenarii :
2020-expected cooling load
2020-expected cooling load with historical heat wave in august
2020-expected cooling load with air and sea global warming
Estimation of investment costs
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER, [email protected]
EuroTunnel, Technical coordinator, Vincent MASSYContractor
EuroTunnel
Credits : DPI
References
http://www.coolingpost.com/world-news/hfo-chillers-
to-cool-the-channel-tunnel/
Credits : EuroTunnel and DPI
They trust us :
Implementation of genetic algorithm for SWAC design
(2015)
Background
During detailed design studies, there is
enough information for SWAC
optimisation. However, there are too
many interdependent parameters to
estimate all the possible solutions in a
decent amount of time. Genetic
algorithms show promising results for this
kind of optimisation where systematic
research and evaluation would be too
time-consuming.
Project description
When designing a SWAC system, the customer and the environment are of paramount
importance. The yearly savings in energy are deeply linked to the customer requirements
in terms of delivered temperature and flowrate. Therefore, a cost function is created to
evaluate how fit a SWAC system is under constraints. The use of wildlife-inspired laws
such as natural fitness, mutation and reproduction allows for the exploration of the
possible SWAC design candidates and narrows down the best candidates. It is a series of
cycles oscillating between exploration (mutation, reproduction) and exploitation
(evaluation, selection).
Prospectives
Such an algorithm allows for faster and more
precise design, but more importantly it
strengthen our reactivity and gives us specific
illustrations for the impact of some
recommendations to orientate the cooling
strategy with the customer and work hand in
hand towards the most efficient solution.
Key words : SWAC, Optimisation, algorithme génétique
Means deployed
Coding of a genetic algorithm (VBA) interfacing our SWAC simulation tool
Use of public databases (CMEMS services, SHOM, CANDHIS etc.)
Creation of a sensitivity analysis tool as a side-product of the algorithm
Creation of a first-approach budget-enveloppe estimating tool
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Credits : DPI
Study of SWAC Potential on Alpine lakes (March 2010)
Background
Deprofundis has developed a number of
proprietary technologies allowing SWAC
systems to be profitable even at very
limited scales. The important urban
communities close to european lakes
led us to evaluate the technical
challenges of lake systems, to build a
prototype and to investigate market size
and condition.
Key figures
Number of major Alpines lakes: 30
Buildings with potential cooling needs in 2
French lakes: 194
Prospects interviewed : 87
Site : European Alpine Lakes
Project description
Deprofundis assessed the SWAC potential for Alpine Lakes:
-Assessment of the temperature gradient and bathymetry of a number of lakes
-Quantification and qualification of buildings in a close radius in 2 lakes
-Extension of the study to lakes in neighbouring European countries
Prospectives
The study showed a strong and growing
interest into renewable cooling solutions, a
sizable market and technically available
solutions.
Key-words : Renewable thermal production, small
size SWAC, rentability, air conditioning
Means deployed
Deprofundis employed a marketing specialist from the Chambery Business School to help
with the Methodology and data research.
We followed up with a research project on the ground, to identify and interview owners or
managers of buildings in the defined area.
Finally, we used a consulting partner, specialist in international market studies, to expand
the scope of the study in neighbouring countries: Italy, Germany, Switzerland.
Air-conditioning capacity installed in Europe(EECCAC,
"Energy Efficiency and Certification of Central Air
Conditioners", study for the D.G. Transportation-Energy
(DGTREN) of the Commission of the E.U.)
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Specific features
The study looked at the physical characteristics of the lakes, in order to
assess feasibility. Based on the results of the prototype the study defined the
potential application area.
We assessed the presence or absence of obstacles between lakes and
buildings.Cooling needs and surfaces have been calculated.
Many interviews allowed to measure and study the needs and the interest in
the potential solutions for local population.
Profitability & Performance for the client
Low-cost SWAC in lakes specifically designed for smaller surfaces and lakes
environments will allow short pay-back periods, and improve the environment
in alpine communities.
Methodology
- Data research
- Questionnaire on the ground directly to prospects
- Prototype to qualify technology
Centraly cooled surface evolution per country
Credits : (EECCAC, "Energy Efficiency and
Certification of Central Air Conditioners", study for the
D.G. Transportation-Energy (DGTREN) of the
Commission of the E.U.)
They trust us :
Financing
This study has been financed by Deprofundis and
partly with a grant from OSEO, the French innovation
agency.
Partners
DATEM FRANCE http://www.datem-fr.com/
INSEEC BUSINESS SCHOOL http://business-school.inseec.com
Typology of buildings around the targeted lakesCredits : DeProfundis
Small-sized SWAC prototype (July 2009)
Background
Regular SWAC technologies are best
adapted to large systems, given the
ratio CoolingPower/CAPEX.
Deprofundis has developed a
proprietary SWAC system adapted to
smaller surfaces. Ocean locations are
possible, as well as lakesides.
Key figures
COP: 17 to 19
Electrical savings when compared to
conventional systems: 85%
Construction time: 2 weeks
Site : Le Bourget Lake,
France
Project description
Deprofundis has built a small-scale SWAC system prototype, running in a lake.
The SWAC system was composed of
-4 heat exchangers (geothermal captors)
-1 variable multicellular pump
-1 circulator
-2 fan coil units
Prospectives
The prototype demonstrated the technical
concept and large potential for small
scales SWAC systems, on marine or lake
shores.
Key-words : Renewable thermal production, small
size SWAC, rentability, air conditioning
Means deployed
The team:
-Divers for piping and heat exchangers in the lake
-Installation team for ground work (piping & pump cubicle)
-Thermal technician for the fan coil units
Tools:
-Diving equipment
-Crane-ship
-Tooling
Overview of the system
12
Credits : Deprofundis
Specific features
Water temperature at the heat exchanger 8ºC, 14ºC at the building, 10ºC back to the
exchanger
Electrical consumption: 400W
Cooling Power after fan coil units: 7.5 Kwth
COP: 17 to 19
The system is based on a closed loop, there is no intake nor reject of water during normal
operations.
Profitability & Performance for the client
Low-cost SWAC in lakes specifically designed for smaller surfaces and lakes environments
will allow for short pay-back periods, and improve the environment in alpine communities
Methodology
-Permitting
-Work on ground
-Pipes
-Pumping station
-Integrations of cooling units inside
-Immersion of exchangers and pipes
-System operations start
Explanatory scheme of the closed loop system
Financing
The prototype has been financed by Deprofundis and
partly with a grant from OSEO, the French innovation
agency.
Construction:
DEPROFUNDIS acts as EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction),
and delivers a turn-key solution
Heat-exchangers stand handled in position
They trust us :
Credits : DeProfundis
Credits : DeProfundis
Energy auditing – References
Customer Date Location Description
Internal study 2012-
2014
France, Clichy Evaluation of the cooling potential of a cold
waterfall
EDF Sustainable City 2012-
2013
Maroc, Oujda Evaluation and comparison of isolation
features
EDF Sustainable City 2012 Vietnam, Can Tho Feasibility of solar solutions for air conditioning
in Vietnam
Mitsubishi Chemical 2012-
2015
East Asia Thermal simulations in greenhouses
EDF Sustainable City 2016 Morocco Energy audit for Marrakech-Ménara Airport
EDF Sustainable City 2014-
2015
NA PhotoBioReactor modeling, thermal regulation
Evaluation of the cooling potential of a cold waterfall
(2013)
Background
Many occidental-inspired standard
cooling machines require very cold
temperatures to operate. Although SWAC
systems are able to cool local loops
through heat exchanger, it would be
drastically more efficient to design
cooling units which are corrosion-proof,
such as a indoors waterfalls.
Site : Clichy, France
Project description
This study has been carried out in order to evaluate the cooling potential of a cold
waterfall. Classic open loop SWAC systems have to release warmed sea water at around
12-13°C, which is still cold regarding the usual temperatures encountered in tropical
climates. It would increase the efficiency of a SWAC system to combine it with corrosion-
proof cooling units (either to add them on the outtake or to replace the heat exchangers,
which are very expensive and can’t extract all the cold power from the sea water flow). It
doesn’t use any harmful chemicals and makes use of a cold water resource which is
available on a 24/7 basis. However, very little documentation is available and this study is
aimed at estimating the cooling potential of such a technology.
Prospectives
A first confirmation of the heat transfer modelisation has been made. The mass transfer, far
more important in terms of energy exchange, has yet to be confirmed with other means.
Key-words : Innovative cooling, waterfall
Means deployed
Use of extensive bibliography on heat and mass transfers. Writing of an estimation cooling
power software and setup of a human-sized prototype. Experimental campaign and
exploitation of measurements to compare with the model.
Credits: CMEMS
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Credits : DeProfundis
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Partners
OSEO
Specific features
The study takes into consideration technical parameters to assess the cooling
potential of a waterfall. Various relative humidities and ambiant temperatures
have been simulated and experimented to validate the operating range of the
estimation model. This study intended to cover flowrates from 1200 to 2600 l/h
for any ΔT and for human sized waterwalls. The experiments were ran on a
2,4m*1,22m wall.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
This study gives a first glimpse of the cooling potential of a waterfall. Further
research and experiments are required to assess the cooling through mass
transfer. In addition to the relaxing sound and sight of a waterfall, this kind of
system could significantly increase cooling efficiency of a SWAC system at a
very low cost.
Methodology
The outside temperature and humidity were taken into account, as well as the wet
surface of the waterfall, and the flowrate of the cold temperature. The temperature
of the cold circuit was left to drift and the behavior of its temperature was exploited
to extract the heat transfer with the ambiant air. The mass of the water in the circuit
was also monitored to evaluate mass transfers, but failed to give suitable
measurments for exploitation. The experiments showed great agreement for heat
transfers for this type of human sized waterfall.
Referents
DeProfundis, R&D department, Adrien DEPAILLAT
Credits: DeProfundis
Evaluation and comparison of isolation features (2012-2013)
Background
With the rising issue of energy and increasingly
demanding thermal regulations, it has become
necessary for many buildings to undergo some
renovation to comply with the law and achieve
substantial savings. However it might not be clear
which one to start with and they need to be classified
by their investment costs and their
economical/confort consequences.
Key figures
6 insulation features, impact on winter and summer
time, heat transfers, comfort, energy savings.
Site : Wilayah (Oujda, Morocco)
Project description
This study has been carried out in order to understand the long term cost impact of
various types of renovation work. It includes features such as double glazing, wall
insulation, roof insulation, sun breakers, raw materials, ventilation scenario. The goal is
to estimate, for a given climate and design, the impact of each feature in terms of
energy savings over a standard year of normal operation. This is aimed at
highlightning the most impactfull insulation features in regard to their investment cost.
It also raises awareness on the importance of heat transfers and design on the
exploitation cost of a given building.
Prospectives
A code of conduct has been extracted for
future conceptions, to greatly reduce the
cooling power consumption. The method can
easily apply to any other locations if the basic
assumptions are edited accordingly (Climate
data, building properties and operation
schedule).
Key-words : Isolation features, double glazing
Means deployed
Use of climate data sources
Building modeling and simulations run on
dynamic simulation tool : “Pleiades+Comfie“
Credits: CMEMS
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Contractor
EDF References
Strategic study.
Credits:DeProfundis
Background
EDF Sustainable Cities consider energy
efficiency as one of its core values. Needs for
air conditioning systems are significantly
developing and represent a major part of
tertiary electrical consumption in monsoon
climates.
Solar cooling is a process which allows the
substitution of almost all of the electrical energy
for cooling production.
Contractor
EDF Sustainable Cities.
Feasibility of solar solutions for air conditioning in Vietnam (2012)
Key figures
150 kWth cooling power
Surface : 500 m²
Site : Can Tho, Vietnam.
Project description
The Can Tho region (Vietnam) is looking for new efficient sources of cooling production due to
frequent electrical failures.
The existing production system (fancoils) has been compared to an absorption chiller using
solar energy as its hot source. This study integrates the dehumidification cost of the cooling
production and shows the inadequation of the solar production and the cooling needs. The peak
demand takes place during the vietnamese monsoon: the overcast sky limits the solar
production.
Prospectives
Temperatures of the distribution loop.
Monsoon and cloud coverage.
Seasonal storage.
Key-words : Solar, Air Conditioning, Vietnam, Monsoon.
Methodology
Modeling of a typical vietnamese building using
dynamic thermal simulation tool.
Rebuilding of the cooling demand.
Design of the solar installation.
Discussion on the cooling distribution loop and air
dehumidification.
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER [email protected]
EDF Sustainable Cities, Project Manager – Jean-Michel SIMON
15
Credits:DeProfundis
16Thermal simulations in greenhouses (2012 ~ 2015)
Background
The market for fresh fruits and
vegetables is growing in Asia.
However, due to the hot and humid
climate, greenhouses production has
proven difficult. Besides, thermal
simulation of greenhouses is very
complex because of the unique
physical characteristics of the building
(transparency, conductivity etc) and of
the interior (plants).
Deprofundis has been able to pull R&D
resources in order to achieve the first
real greenhouses simulations.
Key-figures
More than 300 hundred simulations performed
Buildings sizes from 10.000m² to 100.000m²
More than 30 years of climate data reconstructed
from NOAA public data
Sites : USA, Thai, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan
Project description
The Mitsubishi group has commissioned Deprofundis to look for possibilties to cool
greenhouses in hot and humid climates of Asia.” building.
The final purpose was to compare technically, environmentally and economically
several cooling technologies in different locations:
• Heat pumps
• Fan and pads
• Absorption cooling
• Adsorption cooling
• A deep sea water pumping (SWAC)
Many locations were simulated and compared in order to understand the drivers for
energy use, as well as financial costs.
Prospectives
A prototype based on Deprofundis
recommendations has been built in Thailand in
2014, and is now operated in testing conditions,
growing strawberries.
Key-words : Thermal simulations, comparisons, cooling
Means deployed
Thermodynamic simulations (using the French software Izuba)
Calculations or Evapotranspiration by plants based on FAO research
Checks with data logged in real-world greenhouses
Credits : DeProfundis
Partners
Mitsubishi Chemical
Paris Agrotech
Specific features
Evapotranspiration calculations are rarely attempted because they take into account many
factors. However, they have a strong impact on the energy balance of the greenhouse.
Greenhouse materials also influence the results. Mitsubishi Chemicals being a plastic
manufacturer, the study focused on plastic films with specific physical characteristics.
It has proven difficult to gather reliable data on some locations, so Deprofundis used data
from NASA satellites and local airports to reconstruct realistics climate data profiles.
Profitability & Performance for the customer
Simulations allowed to select technologies, and locations
Alternative cooling energies are economical
Remains difficult to cool in very humid climates
Importance of seasonal strategies
Methodology
Climate data gathering and cleaning (NOAA, local airports etc)
Evapotranspiration calculations
Dynamic thermal simulations
Economic comparison
Referents
Project Manager, Baptiste BASSOT
Simulation manager: Youssef KHOUYA
Background
In order to anticipate the increasingly
demanding thermal regulations and reduce
their impact on global warming, the Moroccan
ONDA supports various initiatives aimed at
enhancing the global energy efficiency of
various airports. From isolation to renewable
energies, all ideas are considered and their
individual impact need to be assessed in terms
of benefits/investment costs.
Contractor
EDF Sustainable Cities.
Energy auditing and isolation features for Morocco (2016)
Key figures
32 818 m² , 5.5 MWth installed power
4 millions of passengers per year
Savings of 5.5 GWh el per year
Site : Marrakech-Ménara Airport
Project description
The ONDA is looking for solutions to reduce the energy consumption of the Marrakech-Ménara
airport, to increase personnel and passenger comfort, and to include renewable energies in the
energy production of the airport.
The existing production system has been simulated with various isolation features to evaluate
their impact. The existing system shows local damage decreasing its performance. The fixed
system has been simulated as well to consider the impact of a global maintenance scheme and
its impact on the various isolation features is also evaluated.
Prospectives
Impact of different isolation features and cost
Presentation for the COP22
Key-words : Marrakech-Ménara, isolation, energy savings
Methodology
Modeling of Marrakech-Ménara airport using dynamic thermal
simulation tool “Pléiades+Comfie”
Use of the code of conduct created for the purpose of energy
auditing in previous studies (Oujda)
Rebuilding of the cooling/heating demand and estimation of
the savings and recommendations,
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER [email protected]
EDF Sustainable Cities, Project Manager – Jean-Michel SIMON
17
Credits:DeProfundis
Background
Ennesys designs and produces
PhotoBioReactor for water treatment and
biomass harvesting. The outcome of this
system is twofold : clean the water from certain
particles and value the retrieved biomass
(potential use : fertilizer, fuel,..)
Contractant
Ennesys
PhotoBioReactor modeling, thermal regulation (2014-2015)
Site : Nanterre, Narbonne, Maldives
Project description
This study is aimed at modeling the thermal behaviour of a photobioreactor in order to anticipate
the evolution of the water temperature in which the micro-algae is growing. These can survive in
certain ranges of temperature and their growth might require, according to the site location, an
external thermal regulation.
The program puts forward the necessity for thermal regulation in sites such as the Maldives or
Laayoun (Morocco). Several means of cooling are detailed, as shadowing, heat exchanger, mild
water injection or venting.
Prospectives
Effect of the cooling loop temperature, or injected
water temperature, and shadowing. Cooling power
estimation as a function of PBR volume and orientation
to the sun.
Key words: PhotoBioReactor, Thermodynamics
Methodology
Modeling of a PhotoBioReactor as the one installed in
Narbonne at the time of the study. Solar input is taken
into consideration, as well as external convection and
wind. Model is then compared to real measures for
validation and then used with climate data from
Maldives/Morocco
Referents
DPI, Technical Director, Bruno GARNIER
18
Credits : DeProfundis
Credits : Ennesys
Complete feasibility and potential
studies
Specialized in island energy and
economical issues
Consultant in renewable energies for insular or
isolated communities
Key words :
Strategic reports, consumption,
ressources, how to meet future
needs, environmental and
economical impacts.
DEPROFUNDIS group Other Consulting Capabilities
Energy potential
They trust us:
Building Thermal
Efficiency
Simulations
Consulting
Renewable
Energies
