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Department of University Safety & AssurancesDepartment of University Safety & Assurances www.safety.uwm.edu
US&A (v. 2/07)
US&A (v. 2/07)
• Training topics include:– confined space
identification and hazards– air monitoring– controlling hazards– communications– blowers– emergency retrieval
system use– emergency procedures
What you need to knowWhat you need to know
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Step I: What is a confined space?Step I: What is a confined space?
• (a) Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter and perform assigned work;
• (b) Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit, and
• (c) Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
• manholes and pits• steam pit• electrical pit• signal pit• storm drain manhole• sump pit• tanks at the Power
Plant• others - see inventory UWM Steam Pit #1 at
Power Plant
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 1: Outside Power Plant
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 2: Between Holton and Merrill Halls
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 3: between Chapman and Sandburg
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 4: East side of Lapham Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 5: Southeast of Lapham Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 6: North of Child Care Center
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 7: Goat Hill
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 8:South of Lapham Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 10: South of EMS
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 11: Union
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 12?:
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit 13: Mitchell Hall
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pit #14: Southwest corner of Golda Meir Library
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
• Signal Pit outside Power Plant
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
• Permit-required Confined spaces at the Power Plant
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Steam Pit west of Mitchell Hall
Mitchell north-wing roof steam line chase
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
• Acid Neutralization Pit in Lapham Hall– Serviced by Outside
Contractor
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Examples at UWMExamples at UWM
Pump House
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Other Hazardous SpacesOther Hazardous Spaces
• Elevator Pits– Lockout/Tagout– Sump Pits?
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• Use this flowchart to determine if an enclosed space is a “confined space” and whether a “confined space” is a “permit-required confined space”
Step 2: Is It A Permit-Required Step 2: Is It A Permit-Required Confined Space?Confined Space?
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Step III: Hierarchy of Permit-Spaces Step III: Hierarchy of Permit-Spaces
(c)(7) ReclassificationReclassification-Hazards Eliminated
(c)(5)Alternate EntryAlternate Entry-Hazards Controlled (by continuous forced air ventilation)
(c)(4)Permit SpacePermit Space EntryEntry-Hazards Cannot be Eliminated nor Controlled
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Hierarchy of Permit-SpacesHierarchy of Permit-Spaces
Refer to Handout
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C4 Permit Confined SpaceC4 Permit Confined Space
• Lapham Hall and Chemistry--the laboratory fume hood system “Gas Chambers”
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C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous VentilationVentilation
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C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous C5 Alternate Entry with Continuous VentilationVentilation
• Electrical Pits• Signal Pits• Steam Pits
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C7 Hazards EliminatedC7 Hazards Eliminated
• Mitchell Hall Basement Utility Chase.
(Looking north, from south access panel. The immediate south end is a C7 Hazard Eliminated space; the rest of the chase is a “C-5” confined space.)
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Confined Space and Hazardous Space Confined Space and Hazardous Space InventoryInventory
www.safety.uwm.edu/EHS/CONFINEDSPACE/index.html
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Other Hazardous SpacesOther Hazardous Spaces
• Some enclosed areas and roofs are labeled with special precautions.
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What you need to knowWhat you need to know
• Be sure you can identify a confined space
• You need to know what safety measures to take prior to entering a confined space
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What Are the Hazards?What Are the Hazards?
• Oxygen HazardsOxygen Hazards– too much or too little
• Toxic HazardsToxic Hazards– gases, vapors or fumes
(examples: hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide)
• Flammable or Explosive Flammable or Explosive HazardsHazards– vapors or dusts in
concentrations large enough to ignite
• Engulfment Engulfment – shifting liquid or solid
substance that traps employee
• ConfigurationConfiguration– Walls or floor which
slope downward or taper in can trap an employee
• Energy HazardsEnergy Hazards– Contact with mechanical
or electrical equipment, steam or other sources of heat
Atmospheric Atmospheric HazardsHazards
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• Multi-gas meters for confined space/hazardous space air monitoring.
Multi Gas MetersMulti Gas Meters
• Though similar, each instrument has unique features and operating characteristics. These devices measure "real-time" oxygen content, flammability/explosion potential, carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentrations.
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What is Air?What is Air?
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Hazardous AtmospheresHazardous Atmospheres
• Asphyxiating Asphyxiating (simple and chemical)(simple and chemical)
• FlammableFlammable
• ToxicToxic
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Location of PPS MeterLocation of PPS Meter
• Multi-gas meters are kept in Mitchell Hall B8
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Abbreviations: FlammableAbbreviations: Flammable
• UELUEL % Upper Explosive Limit• LELLEL % Lower Explosive Limit• ALARM at 10% LELALARM at 10% LEL
Example: Gasoline
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Methane (CHMethane (CH44))
• Natural gas, marsh gas, swamp gas• Due to gas leak or organic decay• Colorless/odorless flammable gas, or scented• LEL = 5%; UEL = 15% • I s Methane Toxic?
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Abbreviations: ToxicantsAbbreviations: Toxicants
• ppmppm parts per million1% = 10,000 ppm
• IDLHIDLH Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health
• PELPEL Permissible Exposure Limit• TLVTLV Threshold Limit Value• TWATWA8-hour Time Weighted Average• STELSTEL Short Term Exposure Limit (15 min)
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Carbon Monoxide (CO)Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Colorless, odorless gas
• Slightly lighter than air
• Chemical asphyxiant
• Primary source: incomplete combustion of organic material
• Gasoline-fueled combustion engines
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Hydrogen Sulfide (HHydrogen Sulfide (H22S)S)
• Sewer gas, stink gas (rotten eggs)
• Odor threshold: 0.02-0.2 ppm
• Colorless, flammable gas
• Heavier than air
Physical Physical HazardsHazards
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EngulfmentEngulfment
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ConfigurationConfiguration
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Lockout/TagoutLockout/Tagout
• Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) is an integral component of any confined space management program.
• Confined space entry procedures and LOTO are not simply OSHA and DILHR mandated work rules, but are part of an effective safety/risk management program.
Checking the 'key-box' and LOTOprocedures posted adjacent to the
worksite at Boiler #1 in the Heat Plant
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NoiseNoise
• Noise can be amplified because of the design or acoustic properties of a confined space. Excessive noise can permanently damage hearing as well as affect communications regarding work performed or warnings.
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Other Atmospheric ConditionsOther Atmospheric Conditions
• While not an air contaminant, high temperatures and high humidity can make work uncomfortable in some locations such as steam pits
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Falling ObjectsFalling Objects
• Workers in confined spaces should be aware of the potential for falling objects.
• In particular, hazards are prevalent in spaces that have topside openings for entry and where work is being done above the worker.
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Other HazardsOther Hazards
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Other HazardsOther Hazards
Psychological Psychological HazardsHazards
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Psychological HazardsPsychological Hazards
• These include claustrophobia or other problems associated with being in a dark, cramped or isolated space.
• Such hazards can be magnified by a worker’s physical condition.
• A person in poor physical condition may become easily fatigued.
Equipment &Equipment &Emergency Emergency RetrievalRetrieval
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CommunicationCommunication
• Alert supervisor upon entering and leaving
• For Permit Space Entry, maintain contact with attendant throughout entire scheduled operation
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Ventilators/BlowersVentilators/Blowers
• Always push clean air in• If using a portable generator to
power blower, make sure exhaust from generator is positioned downward from the confined space
• If using an extension cord to power blower, use GFCI cord
• Do not use blowers in enclosed spaces where damaged asbestos exists
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Purge TimesPurge Times
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Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
• Do not enter a confined space without hands-on training in use of equipment
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• Body Harness:Straps which may be
secured about an employee in a manner that will distribute the fall arrest forces over at least the thighs, pelvis, waist, chest and shoulders with means for attaching it to other components of a personal fall arrest system
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
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Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
• Adjusting harness
– Your harness must fit and be adjusted correctly in order to work comfortably
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• Lanyard:
A flexible line used to secure a body belt or body harness to a lifeline or directly to a point of anchorage.
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
Lanyards
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• Connector:
A device used to couple (connect) parts of the personal fall arrest system, such as a carabiner, or it may be an integral component of part of the system (such as a buckle or “D-ring” sewn into a body belt or body harness, or a snap-hook spliced or sewn to a lanyard or self-retracting lanyard.)
Carabiners
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
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• Lifeline:A line provided for direct
or indirect attachment to a worker’s body belt, body harness, lanyard or deceleration device. Such lifelines may be horizontal or vertical in application
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
Retractable life lines
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Other PPEOther PPE
• Hard Hat• Boots• Safety Glasses
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Protecting Openings to Confined Protecting Openings to Confined SpacesSpaces
• When opening is in a public walkway, ADA compliant barricades must be set up to protect the pedestrian traffic from all directions.
• Barricades must be lit during hours of darkness.
• When out of pedestrian traffic and sidewalks, tripod and attendant should be sufficient to protect public from confined space openings.
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Assembling TripodAssembling Tripod
• Extend legs so that the tripod will stand at least 8’ above the opening
• Fully extend the legs if using tripod on “built -up” manholes
• Use better body mechanics
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Attaching Winch to TripodAttaching Winch to Tripod
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Attaching Lifeline to TripodAttaching Lifeline to Tripod
• Disconnect the pulley assembly
• Run lifeline over the pulley
• Reconnect the pulley assembly
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Attaching and Testing WinchAttaching and Testing Winch
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Positioning TripodPositioning Tripod
• Adjust the legs so that the pulley is centeredcentered over the opening of the confined space
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Emergency ResponseEmergency Response
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Entry Supervisor’s DutiesEntry Supervisor’s Duties
The authorized entry supervisor’s duties include the The authorized entry supervisor’s duties include the following:following:
• Know space hazards including information on the mode of exposure, signs or symptoms and consequences of exposure
• Verify emergency plans and specified entry conditions such as permits, tests, procedures and equipment before allowing entry
• Terminate entry and cancel permits when entry operations are completed or if a new condition exists
• Take appropriate measures to remove unauthorized entrants• Ensure that entry operations remain consistent with the entry
permit and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained
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Emergency RetrievalEmergency Retrieval
• All UWM workers will be trained to do non-entry rescue
• Rescue involving entry into the confined space will be done by
the Milwaukee Fire Department Urban Rescue Team
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Non-Entry RescueNon-Entry Rescue
DO NOT ENTER THE DO NOT ENTER THE CONFINED SPACE CONFINED SPACE YOURSELF!!YOURSELF!!
• Call for help. Use your two way communication to get assistance.
• Call campus police at 9-911. Relay your location, the nature of the incident and emphasize the incident has occurred in a confined space.
• While awaiting help, use retrieval system to get your partner out of the space, only if the rescue is a simple vertical withdrawal.
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Non-Entry RescueNon-Entry Rescue
• Do not move your partner if you suspect a head or neck injury has occurred.
• Do not attempt a non-entry rescue if the person would be dragged around a corner or between obstacles which could entangle your partner.
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ReviewReview
• If you are involved at all in confined space work, be sure you are comfortable with emergency procedures
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Potential HazardsPotential Hazards
• Identify the potential hazards of this confined space
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Is This Safe?Is This Safe?
Is this Safe?Is this Safe?
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Is This Safe?Is This Safe?
INCORRECTEven putting your head into
confined space without ventilation and monitoring can
be dangerous
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Is This Safe?Is This Safe?
CORRECT
Confined space should be ventilated before entry.
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ConclusionConclusion
• Remember – A safe worker is a happy worker!
