May 24, 2019Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT), YOSHIO IZUI

NEDO World-wide DC Demo Seminar

DC Microgrid Demonstration System at KIT Hakusan-roku Campus for Regional Areas

2

Background

KIT Demonstration System

Conclusion

INDEX

https://www.unic.or.jp/files/sdg_logo_en_2.pdf

KIT are conducting our project based on SDSs

lExpansion of Solar systemlUtilization of surplus powerlBattery of stationary typelUtilization as battery of EV

General Factors Regional FactorslVarious renewable energy l Long distance distribution linelHeat usage at cold areaslMobility at depopulated areas

Microgrid System(Electric & power community model for regional re-creation)

lElectricity liberalizationlSDGs (Sustainable Development Goals)

Legal Factors & International Goals

Why Microgrid System at Regional Areas

3

Smart Technologies

Demand side resources

AI & IoT System of SystemsSatelliteMobilityBlock

Chain

VPP & DR xEMS

Energy Services

EnergySharing

Suppression of RES variation

Energy Resilience

Usage of Green Energy

Energy Services and Smart Technology for Microgrid

Learning

Power deliveryDC Heat

4

Why DC Systems for Microgrid (Merits of DC systems)①Reduction of

conversion loss

②Firewall for power fluctuation

③Resilience AC AC(3φ)

〜DC/AC

ACMicrogrid Fluctuation

〜〜ACDC DC

〜〜DC

Easy control Difficult control

④Deterioration diagnosis PV panel (DC)DC

5

6

Background

KIT Demonstration System- Objective

Conclusion

INDEX

Location of Kanazawa Institute of Technology (KIT)

Hakusan-roku campus of KIT

Ohgigaoka campus of KIT

Microgrid system (1st Step system)

7

Virtual Distribution Line

③ Constructed an advanced research and development-type social demonstration experiment platform originating from the region.

8

① Condensing Japan's 2050 small model from an energy point of view, utilizing the characteristics of the region, and achieving Society 5.0 for SDGs from the region

Final goal

②Demonstrate the energy base technology of the Japanese version of Stadtberg with heat + electricity

Objective of our DC Microgrid Demonstration Project

① Condensing Japan's 2050 small model from an energy point of view, utilizing the characteristics of the region, and achieving Society 5.0 for SDGs from the region

Final Goal

② Demonstrate the energy base technology of the Japanese version of Stadtberg with heat + electricity

③ Constructe an advanced research and development-type social demonstration experiment platform originating from the region.

Demonstration experiment platform

(1)-②③ (2019/3/12)

Ohgigaoka Campus

Bi-directional EV Charger

Biomass Power Generation

Electric heat cooperation

(1)-①DC System

(2018/10/15)

GeothermalSolar, WT BiomassSmall

Hydraulic

Production

Energy Harvest

Energy Share

Energy Independence

Demand

Energy Management Technology

DC

V2XBattery

Delivery & Storage

Hot Water

The image of DC Microgrid Demonatration System at KIT

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①電気と熱を有機的に連携

① Thermo-electriccollaboration

② RES Best-mix

③レジリエンスと、エネルギー自由化時代の地産地消にあり方

③ Resilience

④ System of Systems for mobility, and DC

Solar WT

Weather dependent (fluctuating)

0 24time

gene

ratio

n (M

W)

lIn regional areas, many distributions of stable RESlBest-mix of weather dependent and Independent RES

Small hydraulic Geothermal Biomass

Weather independent (stable)

Distribution in regional areas

Best-mix of Renewable Energy Resources (RES) by DC Microgrid

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KIT Innovation Hub

．．．

DC

CommercialGrid

Interconnection line

Share electricity and hot water mutual

Share electricity and hot water mutual

Black out

lSupply electricity and hot water by local productionlBiomass enables longer independent operation possible

Energy Resilience by DC Microgrid with Biomass System

Hot Water

AC/DC

Biomass

11

Ohgigaoka campusPhysically transport electricity using EV

Hakusan-roku campus

Collection and analysis of EV

driving dataVirtual distribution line

Drive time: 40minDistance: 30kmElevation： 281m

Virtual Distribution Line by DC Microgrid

Work place charging

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13

冷･暖房回路切り替え

温⽔(暖)

冷⽔(涼)

交流(AC)系統

交流(ＡＣ)

直流(DＣ)

直流(DＣ)系統

太陽光発電システムや熱電発電などの創エネデバイスによりエネルギーハーベスティングする。

蓄エネデバイス（エネルギーの貯蔵）

リチウム電池や電気⼆重層キャパシタなどの蓄電デバイスをそれらの特徴を活かした最適運⽤を⾏う。（寿命、イニシャル・ランニングコスト、⾞載バッテリーの再利⽤）

ＤＣリンク

ＤＣスマートグリットを構成し、直流によるエネルギーの最適運⽤（創エネ・蓄エネ）を実現する

ＤＣ動⼒によるインパータ制御

熱搬送エネルギとしてＤＣ電源を使⽤する。ＡＣ変換ロスと⼒率改善により⾼効率運転が実現出来る。

地下⽔熱の積極利⽤

年を通して１６℃と安定した地下⽔を利⽤した空調システムを実現する。中間期、夏期の買電による電⼒使⽤量の極⼩化を⽬指す。

廃材焚き焼却炉ボイラ

学園内で発⽣した廃材を燃料としたボイラを設置し、既設貯湯槽からの熱供給をミニマム化させる。排熱は低温発電モジュールへ供給される。

温泉排熱によるヒートローディング・融雪

掛け流し温泉からの排湯によるヒートローディングや融雪に利⽤することで雪の無い駐⾞場や道路を⽬指す。

図書コモンズのゼロエミッション化

冬期はバイオマスボイラからの熱源を利⽤し、中間期、夏期は、地下⽔（年を通して１６℃付近）を利⽤した空調によりゼロエミッションを⽬指す。照明や各種電源についてもＤＣリンクにより再⽣可能エネルギを利⽤する。

屋根雪熱回収

低温発電は温度差により発⽣するエネルギが変化するため、可能な限り温度差を取るため、低温回路として屋根雪滞雪部の地熱を回収する。

３０〜５０℃程度の低温領域からエネルギーを取り出すシステムの研究・開発を⾏う。⾼温側は、温泉熱、廃材焚きボイラ排熱を利⽤し、冷温側は地下熱を利⽤する。発電した電気は、DC BUSへ接続する。

浴場への熱搬送

追い炊き回路

既設油炊き温⽔ボイラ

既設暖房空調

既設貯湯槽

パイオマスボイラ

第1源泉槽（50㎥）

第2源泉槽（20㎥）

移送ポンプ

熱交換器

冷温⽔コイル式直膨空調機

LED照明DCコンセント

廃材焚き焼却炉ボイラ

温⽔ヒートポンプ

⾵呂濾過機

DC駆動/周波数制御

DC/DCCONVERTER

DC BUS

AC/DCCONVERTER

INVERTERFOR PUMP MOTOR

井⼾⽔150㍑/分

HEATING BUS

（将来）

雪は害ではなく、資源であるという発想。

温⽔焚吸収冷温⽔器

枯葉・枝⽵など廃材

オフグリッド

再⽣エネルギーと地下⽔を利⽤することで、商⽤電⼒に頼らない植物⼯場の運⽤を⽬指す。

DC BUSへ

スパ発電

瀬⼥温泉 新温泉（計画）

貯湯槽 ⾵呂浴槽

植物⼯場

ＺＥＨエネルギーシェアー

⽊質チップを利⽤したバイオマスボイラ・発電を⾏う。電気ばかりでなく、燃焼熱についても⽔を媒体として回収し、既設油炊きボイラの稼働率を下げるための最適運⽤を実現する。

創エネ（ハーベスティング）

⼒⾏/回⽣

回⽣エネルギー回収

LiB/EDLC DC空調機 EV

EV

DC/DCCONVERTER

DC/DCCONVERTER

EV・ドローンワイヤレス給電

DC System

Hot Water Utilization

ﾄﾞﾛｰﾝ

EV Utilization(V2X)

System Configuration as the our final Goal

l Energy System Considering Regional Characteristics

Constructed at Hakusan-roku CampuslPlatform for Open Innovation

Social implementation of the empirical research widely

Community model platform for re-energized region including heat utilization

KIT Hakusan-roku campus Hokuriku region

Hakusan

City ACity B

Autonomous decentralization of energy including IoT and AI

utilization

To the whole of Japan

Development of the Japanese version of Stadtberge

throughout Japan

14

Development for Social Implementation

15

Background

KIT Demonstration System- Progress

Conclusion

INDEX

101102103104

(1)-⑤RES expansion・small wind turbine

(1)-② V2X・Bidirectional EV charge

(1)DC Microgrid (houses level)

(1)-④plural houses・thermo-electric sharing

DC

(1)-③ Thermo-electric・biomass system

Hot water pipe

KIT Innovation Hub

(2) -① Scale expansion・Large DC system・Large biomass・Binary generation・DC demand (direct)・plural V2X

(2)DC Microgrid system (building level)

DCHot water pipe(3)DC M

icrog

rid sy

stem

(Reg

ional

areas

)

(3) -① DC connection

(1)-① DC system・PV, Battery

The Roadmap of DC Microgrid Demonstration System at KIT

16

Hakusan-roku Campus

Cottage

The Photos of DC Microgrid Demonstration System at KIT

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The Photos of DC Microgrid Demonstration System at KIT

Solar panels

DC

DC control system(Battery, PCS）

DC

Biomass system

DC Hot water

Bidirectional EV charger

DC (via AC)

18

Cottage１０１

PCSEVStationary

battery

EMS

SCU

The System Configuration of DC Microgrid Demonstration System

Heat energy share

Hot water pipe

PV

DC supply

DC bus

Stationary battery

PV

DC supply

Grid (AC)

AC/DC

Electric energy share

19

Water tank For generator

For boiler

Water supplyTap water

（Assuming well）

Heat recovery

Cooling

Biomass system

Staring engine (generation)

Hot water heater

Primary heating

Hot water supply

AC/DC

AC

Assist hearing

Air conditioner

〜

DC supplyRegional Wood

chip

TV

microwave

refrigerator

Distribution board (Echonet/Lite)

HUB

smartphone/PC Cloud/Server

Internet

PLC/Controller

HMI

The System Specification of DC Microgrid Demonstration System

Sub system Equipment SpecificationDC link system PV 1.76 kW

Battery (LIB) 7.4 kWhPCS 5.0 kWDC bus 340-360V (DC)

Biomass system Boiler 58 kW (50Mcal/h)5 m3/h

Stirling engine 7.1 kw (max)360 V (DC)

EV charger system*1

PV 5.0 kWBattery (LIB) 12.7 kWhPCS 6 kW

*1: Bidirectional, Connected to DC via AC grid20

The Control Panel of DC Electric Control SystemSystem configuration

Solar Biomass

Battery Demand

DC networks bus (360V)

Commercial

21

Solar radiation

DC Voltage

BatteryCharge & Discharge

DC Voltage

DC Current

Target Voltage(DC360V) Dead zone

Discharge when voltage drops

Charge when voltage rise

Autonomous control forcharge and discharge of battery

Advantages of DC System

Battery Charge and Discharge Control

local production for local consumption

Independent Operation(14.5 hours）

Solar Production

Remining Charge of Battery

Discharge of Battery

Remining Charge of EV

Discharge of EV

Grid

EVSolar

Battery

Independent Operation Control

Three Layer Hybrid Control Strategy for DC Microgrid

time

time

time

Cottage 1

Cottage 2

Cottage 3Biomass central

control(heat & electricity

scheduled operation)

DC distributed control(equal incremental

charge loading method)

Target voltage control for DC distributed

control

Weather & temperature

EV availability

Variable load

Base load

+

24

Equal Incremental Charge Loading Method(1/2)

25

𝑇# 𝑡 =𝐵# 𝑡𝐷# 𝑡

=𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐾𝑊ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐵𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐾𝑊ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐷𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖 𝑎𝑡 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡

∆𝑉#(𝑡) ==> ?@>(?)

∆𝑃#(𝑡)

DC enables easy distributed voltage control~ Similar to the classical Drooping control ~

Independent Operation Possible Time for cottage i at time t

B#

𝑇# 𝑡 → 𝑚𝑎𝑥

Maximize Independent Operation Possible Time for whole cottage at time t

Lagrange's undetermined methodVoltage Deviation Battery charge and

discharge

Equal Incremental Charge Loading Method(2/2)

26time

Cottage 2

time

Cottage 1

time

Cottage 3

∆𝑉#(𝑡)

∆𝑃#(𝑡)

𝛼#(𝑡) ==> ?@>(?)∆𝑉

∆𝑉#(𝑡)

∆𝑃#(𝑡)

𝛼#(𝑡) ==> ?@>(?)∆𝑉

∆𝑉#(𝑡)

∆𝑃#(𝑡)

𝛼#(𝑡) ==> ?@>(?)

∆𝑉

DC enables easy distributed voltage control~ Similar to the classical Drooping control ~

Middle DemandLarge Battery

Middle DemandSmall Battery

Middle DemandMiddle Battery

Middle Small Large

Regional wood chip

Biomass boiler

Hot water pipe

Hot water tank

Stirling engine(biomass generator; DC)

The Photos of Biomass Thermo-electric System

27

28

Operation of Biomass Thermo-electric System

Biomass System

Thermo-electric Collaboration by DC Microgrid① Utilizing energy efficiently by

combining heat and electricity

② Heat is stored in the hot water storage tank and time shifted

③ Independent operation for a longer period of time with biomass system

PVElectricity priority

biomassHeat storage

Heat priority

* Local production make it possible

* Storage of heat is relatively easy

* Both of storage battery and regional wood chip

Air conditionerHeat

Hot water heating

Electricity

＋

PV Battery EV

Regionalwood chip

Biomass

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Harvest

Processing

Distribution

Sales

Regional wood chip

Electricity Heat

Carbon neutral energy

Residual ash

Regional wood productization

Recycling model of regional wood chip at Hakusan-roku campus

Fertilizer

Production

Electric tool for forestry

DC（AC/DC）

AC

Re-activation of Regional Areas using Regional Wood Chip

Biomass system

Wood tank

30

31

BackgroundKIT Demonstration System

Conclusion- From Regional to Global

INDEX

https://www.unic.or.jp/files/sdg_logo_en_2.pdf

32

Cottage

Open Innovation Platform(DC Microgrid System)

Whole World, especially to Non-Electrified Areas

https://eoimages.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/imagerecords/55000/55167/earth_lights.jpg

The Expansion of DC Microgrid from Regional Areas to Global

First: Hokuriku AreasNext: Whole of Japan

Energy System Considering Regional Characteristics

（SDGs No.11: Sustainable Cities and Communities ）

（SDGs No.9：Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure）

（SDGs No.7: Affordable and Clean Energy）

33