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Borrego Springs Microgrid Demonstration Overview
© 2012 San Diego Gas & Electric Company.All trademarks belong to their respective owners. All rights reserved.
Neal Bartek
Distributed Energy Resources Manager
Society of American Military Engineers
San Diego, CA March 11, 2015
• Subsidiary of Sempra Energy
• Regulated public utility
• Provide safe & reliable energy service to 3.4 million consumers
- 1.4 million electric meters- 868,000 natural gas meters
• 4,100 square mile service territory in San Diego & southern Orange Counties (25 cities)
• Owns 1,835 miles of electric transmission lines and 21,601 miles of electric distribution lines
• Operates two compressor stations, 166 miles of natural gas transmission pipelines, 8,100 miles of distribution pipelines and 6,197 miles of service lines
• 4,500 employees
San Diego Gas & Electric
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Borrego Springs Overview
Microgrid Background
Borrego Springs Demonstration
Real World
Summary
Agenda
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Borrego Springs Overview
Microgrid Background
Borrego Springs Demonstration
Real World
Summary
Agenda
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Why are microgrids important?
Enables Grid Modernization
• Key component of grid modernization
• Enables integration of multiple Smart Grid technologies
Enhance the integration of Distributed and Renewable Energy Sources
• Facilities integration of combined heat and power (CHP)
• Promotes energy efficiency and reduces losses by locating generation near demand
• Potential to reduce large capital investments by meeting increased consumption with locally generated power. (Local generation may lower investment in the macrogrid)
• Encourages third-party investment in the local grid and power supply
• Potential to reduce peak load
Meets End User Needs
• Ensure energy supply for critical loads• Power quality and reliability controlled locally• Promotes demand-side management and load
leveling• Promotes community energy independence and
allows for community involvement in electricity supply
• Designed to meet local needs and increase customer (end-use) participation
Supports the Macrogrid
• Enables a more flexible macrogrid by handling sensitive loads and the variability of renewables locally
• Enhances the integration of distributed and renewable energy resources including CHP
• Potential to supply ancillary services to the bulk power system
• Potential to lower overall carbon footprint by maximizing clean local generation
• Potential to resolve voltage regulation or overload issues 5
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Types of Microgrids
• Entire circuit or substation• Borrego SpringsUtility
• Energy “surety” for critical loads• MCAS Miramar, Camp Pendleton, etcMilitary Bases
• Utilize CHP to improve energy performance• UCSD, Princeton, etcCampus
• Alternative service delivery model• CivitaGreenfield Development
• Electrification of remote villages/islands• Necker IslandRemote Villages
• Integration of DER, In‐Home Technology and EV charging• Zero Net Energy homes (?)Homes
Microgrid Design
• Define boundary
– Industrial customer, campus, substation, circuit, etc
• Define loads (critical, demand response, peak load)
• Define reliability requirements (SAIDI, SAIFI, MAIFI and PQ)
• Determine transition
– Seamless or how long to restore power?
• Determine island duration (typical or extreme event)
• Define generation needs/mix (renewables, energy storage, fossil generation)
• Match load and generation
– Maintain voltage, frequency and power factor within tolerances7
Borrego Springs Overview
Microgrid Background
Borrego Springs Demonstration
Real World
Summary
Agenda
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Overview of Smart Grid Program U.S. Department of Energy
• Chevron Energy Solutions
• SDG&E
• University of HI
• UNLV
• ATKSpace System
• City of Fort Collins
• Illinois Institute of Technology
• Allegheny Power
• ConEd
Nationwide DOE RDSI Sponsored Projects
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Utilize advanced technologies to integrate and manage distributed resources within the Smart GridBudget: $8.0M DOE and $2.8M CEC plus matching funds from SDG&E and partners
Benefits: Integrate and leverage various generation and storage configurationsReduce the peak load of feeders and enhance system reliabilityEnable customers to become more active participants in managing their energy use
Customer Energy Management
Substation Energy Storage
CommunityEnergy Storage
Distributed Energy Resources
HomeEnergy Storage
Microgrid Controller
Feeder Automation System Technology 10
Borrego Springs Microgrid Demonstration Project
Key Strengths:
• Progressive-minded community
• High concentration of solar generation
– NEM (~ 1 MW)
– Transmission (LGIA) 26 MW (2/13)
– Distribution (WDAT) 5 MW (9/14)
• Potential for reliability enhancements
• Opportunity to balance supply and demand to be more self-sufficient
• Extendable to service territory
Borrego Springs
Site Selection –Borrego Springs
Generators
• Two (2) 1.8 MW Diesel Generators
• Owned & operated by SDG&E• Each generator rated for 1.8 MW at 480 Volts• Emissions equipment retrofitted onto generators
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Substation Energy Storage – Borrego Springs
• One 500 kW/1500 kWh battery
• Modes of Operation
• Peak Shaving/Load Following• Renewable Smoothing• Support Islanding Operation
Community Energy Storage – Borrego Springs
• Three 25 kW/50kWh units connected to 12 kV circuit
• Operated independently and as a fleet
• Modes of Operation
• Peak Shaving • Renewable Smoothing• Voltage Support
Home-Area-Networks Capable of Responding to Price and Reliability Events
Rolling 48‐Hour DR Capacity Forecast
DR forecast subtracted from load forecast
DR capacity forecast (available, committed reserved)
Microgrid Controls
Controls for generator 1
Controls for generator 2
Controls for SES unit
Controls for CES units
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• Provides consolidated view/control of microgrid resources
Demonstrations
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Var Control
Peak Shave
“Virtual Island”
Peak Shave
4-Quadrant Operation
CES PV Smoothing Operation
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• Units capable of smoothing intermittency caused by fluctuating power output
• Operational variables can be user-defined i.e. Ramp rate control, time constant
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1:55 PM 2:09 PM 2:24 PM 2:38 PM 2:52 PM 3:07 PM 3:21 PM 3:36 PM
Power(kW)
Red LineBlue Line
Borrego Springs Overview
Drivers
Microgrid Background
Borrego Springs Demonstration
Real World Experience
Summary
Agenda
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Real World Experience
• June 23rd, 2012• Microgrid provided power to 2,128 customers for ~ 5.5 hrs
Planned Outage
• Q1 2013• Conducted 7 islanding events over 3 daysPlanned Islanding
• April 8th, 2013• Microgrid provided power to 1,225 customers for ~ 6hrsWindstorm
• August 25th, 2013• CES units islanded six customers for ~ 5.5 hrsFlashflood
• September 6th, 2013• Microgrid provided power for up to 1,056 customers for > 20 hrs
Intense Thunderstorms
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September 6, 2013
• 100 degrees by 1000 and peaked at 107 degrees at 1320
• Thunderstorms began to form between 1200 and 1300
• Produced rainfall totals of 1.3” at Warners by 1400, with similar amounts along the desert slopes west of Borrego
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• Gusty outflow winds from the thunderstorms began to reach the Borrego area at 1400.
• Peak gusts of 54-65 mph were measured between 1420 and 1430, though evidence supports that a microburst likely occurred near the center of the storm, producing gusts as high as 70 mph.
• ~ 167 lightning strikes occurred in the Borrego area
September 6 – 7 Outage
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• 9 transmission and 11 distribution poles were down
• All roads into/out of Borrego Springs were closed
September 6 – 7 Outage
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• Restoration efforts took 25 hours
• More than 200 employees involved
September 6 – 7 Outage
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Borrego Flood Outage 9/6-7
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• At 1420, single transmission line to Borrego trips out
• 9 Transmission and 11 Distribution poles reported down
• 1056 total customers restored during outage
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Load
(kW)
Borrego Microgrid
CES - Borrego Flood Outage 9/6-7
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• No outage seen at St. Vincent CES unit site
Real World Applications for
Microgrids
Microgrid Background
Projects
Real World
Summary
Agenda
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Significance and Importance
First large scale utility Microgrid
Islanded real customer loads
Alternative service delivery model
Provided advanced technologies for future applications
Established model to be used by other utilities
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• Support the integration of renewable resources
• Improve reliability and power quality
• Support emergency operations
• Ability to “ride through” outages
• Optimize energy usage
• Enable participation in new markets for demand response and ancillary services
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Microgrid Opportunities
Borrego Microgrid 2.0 – Overview
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GoalsEnhance Emergency Readiness
Increase Operational Flexibility
Decrease Outage Response Times
Increase Grid Resiliency
Demonstrate New Microgrid Technologies
Increase Microgrid Load Capacity
Enhance the Borrego Springs Microgrid to be more flexible and automated in responding to a variety of potential outage situations, and leverage various new
technologies and Distributed Energy Resources for increased Microgrid capabilities.
Acknowledgements
Acknowledgement: “This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy [National Nuclear Security Administration] under Award DE-FC26-08NT02870 and DE-FC26-08NT01904.
Disclaimer: “This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed, or represents commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do no necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof.”
LEGAL NOTICE
This report was prepared as a result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission). It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees, or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warranty, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the use of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been approved or disapproved by the Energy Commission nor has the Energy Commission passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of the information in this report.
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