DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description YYY

eLTE2.3V200R003C00

eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description

Issue Draft A

Date 2014-02-10

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.

NoticeThe purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information, and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations of any kind, either express or implied.The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and recommendations in this document do not constitute a warranty of any kind, express or implied.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Huawei Industrial BaseBantian, LonggangShenzhen 518129People's Republic of China

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10)Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright © HuaweiTechnologies Co., Ltd.

i

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.huawei.com/

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description Contents

Contents

1 Radio & Performance..............21.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps...................................21.1.1 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO...............................21.1.2 LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4........41.2 Interference Handling................................................51.2.1 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection Combining........................................................................51.2.2 LOFD-001094 Control Channel IRC......................61.3 QoS.............................................................................71.3.1 LOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling.....................71.3.1.1 LOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment.......................71.3.1.2 LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling...............81.3.2 LOFD-001026 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE).........101.3.3 LOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM)........................................................................................111.3.4 LOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control.......121.3.4.1 LOFD-00102901 Radio/transport resource pre-emption...........................................................................121.3.5 LOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering..................131.3.5.1 LOFD-00105401 Camp & Handover Based on SPID...............................................................................131.3.6 LOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPID151.3.7 LOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet Bundling....161.4 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving....171.4.1 LOFD-070207 Intelligent Access Class Control. .171.5 Refarming.................................................................181.5.1 LOFD-001051 Compact Bandwidth.....................181.6 High Speed Mobility................................................191.6.1 LOFD-001007 High Speed Mobility....................191.6.2 LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed Mobility...........201.7 Coverage Enhancement............................................211.7.1 LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access Radius.......211.7.2 LOFD-001031 Extended CP.................................22

2 Networking & Transmission & Security..................................242.1 Transmission & Synchronization.............................242.1.1 LOFD-003002 2G/3G and LTE Co-transmission. 242.1.2 LOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management...................................................................262.1.2.1 LOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking..........262.1.2.2 LOFD-00301102 Transport Differentiated Flow Control...........................................................................272.1.2.3 LOFD-00301103 Transport Resource Overload Control...........................................................................282.1.3 LOFD-070219 IP Active Performance Measurement..................................................................282.1.4 LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization...........312.1.4.4 LOFD-00301303 Clock over IP (Huawei proprietary).....................................................................312.2 IPv6..........................................................................332.2.1 LOFD-003023 IEEE 1588v2 over IPv6................332.3 Security....................................................................342.3.1 LOFD-001010 Security Mechanism.....................342.3.1.1 LOFD-00101001 Encryption: AES....................342.3.1.2 LOFD-00101002 Encryption: SNOW 3G.........352.3.2 LOFD-003009 IPsec.............................................362.3.3 LOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall.......................372.3.3.1 LOFD-00301401 Access Control List (ACL)....372.3.3.2 LOFD-00301402 Access Control List (ACL) Auto Configuration........................................................382.4 Reliability.................................................................392.4.1 LOFD-001018 S1-flex..........................................392.4.2 LOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding Detection........................................................................................412.4.3 LOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)..........................................................................422.5 Site Architecture.......................................................442.5.1 LOFD-003029 SFN...............................................44

3 O&M.....................................463.1 SON Self-Optimization............................................463.1.1 LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing............463.1.2 LOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO)............................................................................473.1.3 LOFD-002015 RACH Optimization.....................493.2 SON Self-Healing....................................................503.2.1 LOFD-002010 Sleeping Cell Detection................503.2.2 LOFD-002011 Antenna Fault Detection...............51

Issue Draft A (2014-02-10) Huawei Proprietary and Confidential Copyright © Huawei

Technologies Co., Ltd.

ii

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description Contents

3.3 Power Saving...........................................................523.3.1 LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption......523.3.2 LOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent Shutdown 533.3.3 LOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption Mode. .543.3.4 LOFD-001041 Power Consumption Monitoring..553.3.5 LOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same Coverage.........................................................563.3.6 LOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep Mode.........573.3.7 LOFD-001070 Symbol Power Saving..................573.3.8 LOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery Management...593.3.9 LOFD-001075 RRU PA Efficiency Improvement 613.4 Antenna Management..............................................623.4.1 LOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt Control.....62

4 Acronyms and Abbreviations. 65



iii

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description Figures

Figures

Figure 1-1 Preamble formats and cell access radius.............................................................................................22

Figure 2-1 2G/3G and LTE co-transmission.........................................................................................................25

Figure 2-2 Framework of Huawei proprietary protocol........................................................................................32

Figure 2-3 IPsec....................................................................................................................................................36

Figure 2-4 connection topology between MME Pool and eNodeBs....................................................................40

Figure 2-5 the one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios.......................................................................42

Figure 2-6 the Ethernet link aggregation..............................................................................................................43

Figure 3-1 general network topology....................................................................................................................48

Figure 3-2 Symbol power saving (Normal CP)....................................................................................................61

Figure 3-3 Symbol power saving with MBSFN subframe (extended CP)...........................................................62



iv

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description Tables

Tables

Table 1-1 Downlink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category..............................................4

Table 1-2 Uplink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category...................................................5

Table 1-3 Total layer 2 buffer sizes set by the field UE-Category..........................................................................5

Table 1-4 Compact bandwidths list.......................................................................................................................19

Table 3-1 Battery management modes..................................................................................................................63

Table 4-1 Acronyms and Abbreviations................................................................................................................68



v

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description 1



1

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description 1 Radio & Performance

1 Radio & Performance

About This Chapter2.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps

2.2 Interference Handling

2.3 QoS

2.4 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving

2.5 Refarming

2.6 High Speed Mobility

2.7 Coverage Enhancement

1.1 LTE 2 Antenna 150M/50Mbps1.1.1 LOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMOAvailability

This feature is

applicable to Macro from eRAN1.0 applicable to Micro form eRAN3.0 applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0

SummaryTwo antenna ports are configured in the downlink, and the transmission scheme per user is dynamically selected between spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing to improve the downlink throughput and coverage performance.



2


BenefitsThis feature provides the gain of high peak rate and throughput performance using spatial multiplexing (two code-words) and good cell edge performance using spatial diversity (single codeword),.

DescriptionThe downlink 2x2 MIMO is a critical feature to allow an LTE system to deliver better performance, such as higher data rates, than the legacy system. Both spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing are supported as defined in LTE specifications, and since eRAN1.0 the following four 2x2 MIMO schemes are supported in the downlink:

Transmit diversity Large-delay cyclic delay diversity spatial multiplexing Closed-loop spatial multiplexing Closed-loop spatial multiplexing using a single transmission layer

Transmit diversity and closed-loop spatial multiplexing using a single transmission layer are spatial diversity solutions to combat signal fading. Both schemes transmit a single stream (i.e., single code-word) and improve the cell edge performance. The former applies the space frequency block code (SFBC), and is robust to mobility. The latter applies the codebook based rank-1 precoding and is typically used at low mobility as UE is required to report its preferred precoding matrix index (PMI) timely.

Large-delay cyclic delay diversity is an open-loop spatial multiplexing scheme with high robustness to mobility. Closed-loop spatial multiplexing applies the codebook based feedback and is typically suitable to low mobility. Both open-loop and closed-loop spatial multiplexing transmit two separately encoded streams (i.e., two codewords) to improve the peak rate and throughput performance of UEs under good channel conditions with multiplexing gain.

Open-loop/closed-loop spatial multiplexing can be enabled/disabled by means of O&M. When this functionality is enabled, adaptive switch between spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing is performed taking into account the UE specific link quality and rank information. When this functionality is disabled (by setting the maximum rank for spatial multiplexing to 1), a single codeword is always scheduled for all UEs.

Besides fixed MIMO modes, adaptive open-loop MIMO, adaptive closed-loop MIMO, and adaptation between open-loop and closed-loop MIMO modes can be configured by means of O&M.

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

Downlink 2x2 MIMO requires the eNodeB to provide 2 TX channels and 2 antennas. UE

Spatial multiplexing is supported for terminals with UE category of greater than one. That is, for category-1 UEs, only a single codeword is scheduled. Relatively accurate PMI report from UE is a prerequisite for the configuration of closed-loop MIMO modes.



3


1.1.2 LOFD-001030 Support of UE Category 2/3/4Availability

This feature is


SummaryE-UTRAN needs to respect the signaled UE radio access capability parameters when configuring the UE and when scheduling the UE. So there are five categories defined in the protocol. This feature can enable BS to support UE category 2/3/4.

BenefitsThis feature can enable BS to support UE category 2/3/4.

DescriptionE-UTRAN needs to respect the signaled UE radio access capability parameters when configuring the UE and when scheduling the UE. So there are five categories defined in the protocol. This feature can enable base station to support UE category 2/3/4.

Table 1-1 Downlink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category

UE Category

Maximum number of DL-SCH transport blocks bits received within a TTI

Maximum number of bits of a DL-SCH transport block received within a TTI

Total number of soft channel bits

Maximum number of supported layers for spatial multiplexing in DL

Category 1 10296 10296 250368 1

Category 2 51024 51024 1237248 2

Category 3 102048 75376 1237248 2

Category 4 150752 75376 1827072 2

Category 5 299552 149776 3667200 4



4


Table 1-2 Uplink physical layer parameter values set by the field UE-Category

UE Category Maximum number of bits of an UL-SCH transport block transmitted within a TTI

Support for 64QAM in UL

Category 1 5160 No

Category 2 25456 No

Category 3 51024 No

Category 4 51024 No

Category 5 75376 Yes

Table 1-3 Total layer 2 buffer sizes set by the field UE-Category

UE Category Total layer 2 buffer size [KBytes]

Category 1 150

Category 2 700

Category 3 1400

Category 4 1900

Category 5 3500

EnhancementNone

Dependency UE

The UE should be category 2/3/4.



5


1.2 Interference Handling1.2.1 LOFD-001012 UL Interference Rejection CombiningAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThis feature allows eNodeB to effectively overcome the inter-cell interference. The method can be used with receiving diversity and can be used for MIMO decoding in any scenario.

BenefitsThis feature can improve the system performance in the presence of interference. Therefore, enhanced network coverage and better service quality are provided for cell edge users (CEUs).

DescriptionInterference Rejection Combining (IRC) is a receive-antenna combining technique to effectively combat the inter-cell interference. IRC is often used together with receive diversity. In theory, IRC can be used for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) decoding in any scenario, and it is particularly effective for colored interference.

The main advantage of IRC lies in that it can outperform Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) in terms of demodulation of a signal in the presence of interference or jamming.

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

The eNodeB must be equipped with multiple receive antennas (equal to or more than two).

Other featuresLBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity or LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity.



6


1.2.2 LOFD-001094 Control Channel IRCAvailability

This feature is


SummaryControl channel interference rejection combining (IRC) protects physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and physical random access channel (PRACH) from inter-cell interference.

BenefitsControl channel IRC receiver suppresses interference for uplink control channels and improves the control channel coverage. Downlink performance may indirectly be improved due to more robust ACK/NAK reporting in uplink.

DescriptionControl channel IRC on PUCCH and PRACH combines signals on control channels received by multiple antennas. This feature can suppress colored interference, while maximum ratio combining (MRC) is not fit for such scenario.

eNodeB supports adaptive switching between IRC and MRC for PUCCHs and PRACHs. When colored interference is detected, eNodeB selects IRC; In other cases, eNodeB selects MRC.

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

The eNodeB must be equipped with two or more receive antennas.PUCCH IRC isn't applicable to LBBPc board. For Micro PRACH IRC is only applicable to3202E/3203E; PUCCH IRC is only applicable to3203E.

Other featuresLBFD-00202001 UL 2-Antenna Receive Diversity and LOFD-001005 UL 4-Antenna Receive Diversity



7


1.3 QoS1.3.1 LOFD-001015 Enhanced Scheduling1.3.1.1 LOFD-00101501 CQI Adjustment

AvailabilityThis feature is


SummaryThis function reinforces the traditional AMC feature by introducing downlink Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) adjustment.

BenefitsThis feature brings the following benefits:

Effectively compensates for the inaccurate CQI measurement and makes the MCS selection more accurate by using a closed-loop mechanism.

Improves the system capacity by selecting more accurate MCS. Allows an adaptive CQI measurement for different scenarios and therefore improves the

system capacity.

DescriptionThe CQI adjustment scheme enhances the conventional AMC scheme by introducing downlink CQI adjustment. It could provide additional performance gains.

Under the conventional AMC scheme, the eNodeB chooses a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) for a UE based on the reported CQI. As a result, MCS will mainly change according to the reported CQI. Since the UE measurement error and channel fading could make the reported CQI somewhat inaccurate, the MCS selection based on the inaccurate CQI could cause the DL transmission fails to reach the Block Error Rate (BLER) target. The conventional AMC scheme does not have a closed-loop feedback mechanism to guarantee that the actual BLER reaches the BLER target.

The CQI adjustment scheme introduces a closed-loop mechanism to compensate for the CQI measurement errors. When an eNodeB selects the MCS for the DL transmission, besides the CQI and transmits power, the eNodeB also considers the difference between the target BLER and the actually measured BLER. Note that the actually measured BLER is calculated on the basis of the closed-loop ACK/NACK that the eNodeB received from the DL transmission. In addition, the closed-loop solution used by the CQI adjustment scheme allows the eNodeB to instruct a UE to change the BLER target for CQI reporting, which could maximize the system throughput.

A common target BLER is optimized for all common scenarios, but in some sceanrios cell throughput can be increased by increase initial target BLER, especially for cell edge users or



8


users only transmit small packets. A switch allows operator to adjust the initial target BLER for cells of such scenarios.

Enhancement In eRAN6.0

This feature is enhanced to allow adjust initial target BLER of a cell.

DependencyNone

1.3.1.2 LOFD-00101502 Dynamic Scheduling



SummaryThe dynamic scheduling feature provides the function that guarantees the user QoS and achieves efficient resource utilization. The fairness between different UEs is also considered in the function. The dynamic scheduling algorithm mainly focuses on the GBR and non-GBR services.

BenefitsThe scheduling feature is the core function to provide QoS in a LTE system. Huawei scheduling solution could provide the following benefits:

Guarantees the QoS for GBR, and non-GBR services. Achieves an optimal tradeoff among throughput, fairness, and QoS.

DescriptionThe scheduling function facilitates to the achievement of efficient resource utilization on a shared channel. In a LTE system, the scheduler allocates resources to the UEs every 1 ms or every one TTI. The scheduling algorithm needs to meet the QoS requirements for different services and to achieve a good tradeoff between priority differentiation among different services and the fairness among users.

The QoS specification is based on the nine QoS QCI defined in LTE standards. The nine different QCI classes can be divided into GBR and Non-GBR service. The scheduling solution is required to guarantee the bit rate requirement for GBR services, and enforce the AMBR for Non-GBR services. Minimum GBR is set for Non-GBR services to avoid starvation.

The uplink scheduler controls the service rates by using the token bucket algorithm for GBR and Non-GBR services. Proportional Fair (PF) algorithm is the basic strategy to ensure scheduling priorities (based on QCI) among different services. Higher priority is assigned to



9


IMS signaling and GBR services. Semi-persistent scheduling is employed for VoIP service to ensure the voice quality. When the congestion indicator from load control algorithm is received, the scheduler might reduce the guaranteed data rate for GBR service. The scheduler might also consider the input from UL ICIC to reduce interference.

The uplink scheduler will divide the Logical Channel Groups (LCG) according to Operator configuration. VOIP service is assigned with signaling in the same LCG and non-GBR services belong to two LCG. Such configuration can guarantee the high priority non-GBR services are scheduled in uplink. Prioritized bit rate (PBR) is not same as Minimum GBR and PBR is configurable by operator.

The DL scheduler employs an enhanced scheduling strategy. During a given time window, the scheduler is required to guarantee GBR and AMBR for all services. For GBR services, the user channel quality and the service packet delay are taken into account when calculating the priority. For Non-GBR services, in addition to the user channel quality, the scheduled service throughput is also considered when calculating the priority. Note that semi-persistent scheduling is used for VoIP service again and the bandwidth allocated for VoIP traffic is not scheduled by the scheduler. The enhanced DL scheduler can achieve an optimal tradeoff among throughput, fairness, and QoS guarantee. The same as the UL scheduler, the DL scheduler also considers the input from DL ICIC to reduce the inter-cell interference.

As GBR services have higher priority than non-GBR services, when system is in congestion, non-GBR service might be starving as it cannot be scheduled. The DL scheduler will reserve a certain portion of resource for non-GBR services to prevent the issue.

EnhancementIn eRAN6.0 this feature is enhanced for DL non-GBR services to prevent non-GBR services from starving at system congestion.

DependencyNone

1.3.2 LOFD-001026 TCP Proxy Enhancer (TPE)Availability

This feature is


SummaryThe TCP/IP protocol was initially developed for wired transmission and later also used in wireless network, while the link characteristics in wireless network is quite different from the wired network. A series of enhancement on TCP functions are implemented in the eNodeB. This feature enables the performance of the TCP protocol derived from the wired network to be greatly improved in the wireless network, thus improving user experience and system efficiency.



10


BenefitsThis feature mitigates the impact of some factors such as packet loss in the RAN side to improve the performance of TCP data transmission, accelerates the slow startup of the server during the data transmission, thus greatly improving the TCP transmission performance.

DescriptionThe TCP/IP protocol is extensively used all over the world. It was initially developed for wired transmission and later also used in wireless networks. However wireless networks have some characteristics quite different from the wired network. To mitigate this effect, a number of enhancements have been implemented in the eNodeB.

A TPE (TCP Proxy Enhancer) functionality is implemented in the eNodeB, which improves the data transmission performance in the wireless network. The TPE processes the TCP/IP packets by adopting TCP performance optimization technologies such as ACK splitting and ACK control. This feature accelerates the slow startup of the server and decrease packet drops. Therefore, this feature greatly improves the TCP transmission performance.

ACK splitting

In TCP, the congestion window is updated according to the number of received ACK messages and is expanded by increasing the number of ACK messages. When a slow startup occurs, ACK splitting can quickly increase the congestion window.

ACK Control

In LTE system, fluctuations over the air interface are inevitable. Therefore, HARQ/ARQ is transmitted in the uplink to ensure data is transmitted properly. According to 3GPP specifications, RLC must cache data and wait until the HARQ/ARQ completed, then hand in data cached to PDCP in sequence. However, the HARQ/ARQ transmission takes at least 8 ms, which could be delayed over air interface and burst layer. As a result, downlink TCP services also burst, and causing packet loss if the buffer size of transmission equipment is limited. The ACK control function controls the uplink ACK traffic to prevent bursts of downlink data.

MTU Control

When packet length is greater than PMTU(Path Maximum Transmission Unit), packet is fragmented on transmission path, which will reduce efficiency of transmission and cause packet drop probably. MTU Control allows operators to define the packet MSS (Maximum Segment Size) so the packet fragmentation can be avoided.


The uplink ACK control function is introduced.The MTU Control function is introduced .

DependencyNone



11


1.3.3 LOFD-001027 Active Queue Management (AQM)Availability

This feature is


SummaryThis feature provides an approach for buffer optimization to interact with the TCP protocol in a favorable manner and shorten the buffering delay.

BenefitsThe Active Queue Management feature improves the end user service in different ways. With AQM, where the buffer fill level is balanced to the UE data rate, the delay is significantly reduced.

DescriptionIn an interactive connection, the packet data to be transferred is typically characterized by large variations, so the buffer is introduced to even out the variations. However, if the buffer is filled up or an overflow situation takes place, it will result in loss of data packets.

Currently, TCP as the main transport layer protocol is used on Internet. Packet loss is regarded as link congestion by TCP, and TCP will correspondingly reduce the data transmission rate. TCP protocol is also sensitive to round trip delay and it will take actions differently in case just one packet is lost or if a burst of packets is lost. In case of uncontrolled packet losses, it may take a considerable time for the data rate to increase again, leading to poor radio link utilization and causing long delays for the end user.

In addition, in case a user is performing parallel activities, e.g. FTP downloading and web browsing, if the file downloading as a dominant stream would fill the buffers and thereby cause a long delay for web browsing, before anything would happen when clicking on a link.

The functionality of AQM is provided as an optimized buffer handling method, in order to interact with the TCP protocol in a favorable manner and reduce the buffering delay.

Operators can switch on/off the Active Queue Management function.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone



12


1.3.4 LOFD-001029 Enhanced Admission Control1.3.4.1 LOFD-00102901 Radio/transport resource pre-emption



SummaryThis feature enables service differentiation when the network is congested to provide better services for high-priority users.

BenefitsThis feature provides operators with a method to differentiate users according to their priority. High priority users can obtain the system resources in case of resource limitation. In this way, operators can provide better service to those high priority users.

DescriptionPre-emption is the function related to admission control and is the method for differentiating services. It enables operators to provide different services by setting different priorities, which will affect the user call setup success rate during the call setup procedure. If there are not enough resources and a new call is not admitted to access to the network, high priority user will have more chances to access to the network than low priority users by pre-empting other low priority users.

The priority information is obtained from the E-RAB Level QoS Parameters including ARP (Allocation / Retention Priority), in the message of ERAB SETUP REQUEST. The eNodeB will assign the user priority based on ARP.

Pre-emption will take action if admitting a call fails due to lack of resource, including S1 transmission resource and radio resource (for example, QoS satisfaction ratio based admission check is failure). The service with the attribution of Pre-emption Capability and Pre-emption Vulnerability indicates the service ability of pre-empt and pre-emption vulnerability. The pre-emption capability indicates the pre-emption capability of the request on other E-RABs, and pre-emption vulnerability indicates the vulnerability of the E-RAB to preemption of other E-RABs.

In case of Signaling Radio Bearer (SRB), the pre-emption will not be triggered if resource allocation for SRB fails. For the emergency call (e.g., E911) service, on account of their very high priority, it always has the preemption capability. For the SRB, emergency call and IMS signaling, they cannot be preempted.




13


This feature enables preemption when the number of UEs that have accessed cells reaches the maximum number of UEs supported by an eNodeB. With this enhancement, high-priority services and services that must be guaranteed to comply with laws can preempt resources of common services and therefore get better access.An eNodeB admits all initially accessing UEs, allowing setup of Radio Resource Control (RRC) connections for the UEs. Then during E-UTRAN radio access bearer (E-RAB) setup, the eNodeB triggers preemption for high-priority services and emergency calls, which are selected based on allocation/retention priority (ARP) values. The eNodeB selects services to be preempted in the following sequence: non-GBR services on unsynchronized UEs, non-GBR services on synchronized UEs, and low-priority GBR services.

Dependency CN

This feature needs the core network to bring the ARP IE to eNodeB during E-RAB assignment procedure so that eNodeB can get the service priority with those E-RAB parameters.

1.3.5 LOFD-001054 Flexible User Steering1.3.5.1 LOFD-00105401 Camp & Handover Based on SPID



SummaryThis feature is used in the scenarios under which the operator wants to control the mobility of an UE to make it camp on, redirect or handover to a suitable cell. The priorities for the cell selection is predefined and configured to eNodeB through SPID (Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority).

BenefitsOperators can make its subscribers to camp in, redirect or handover to a suitable RAT (a cell of LTE/UMTS/GSM) or frequency (a cell of LTE) based on the service characteristics. For example, for a data centric subscriber, a LTE cell will be the more suitable selection than an UMTS cell or a GSM cell; for a voice centric subscriber, a GSM cell or an UMTS cell will be the more suitable selection than a LTE cell.

DescriptionThe SPID is an index referring to user information (e.g. mobility profile, service usage profile). The information is UE specific and applies to all its Radio Bearers.



14


This index is mapped by the eNodeB to locally defined configuration in order to apply specific RRM strategies (e.g. to define RRC_IDLE mode priorities and control Inter-RAT/inter frequency redirection/ handover in RRC_CONNECTED mode).

In RRC_IDLE mode, UE can camp in a cell with its suitable RAT or frequency.

In RRC_CONNECTED mode, when load balance or overload control triggers an inter-frequency or Inter-RAT handover or redirection, eNodeB will choose a suitable target from the cells according to the priorities indexed by its SPID. In addition, when UE finish its service, eNodeB can release it into a suitable cell according to its SPID priority. For UE without SPID, when overload happens, the UE could also be redirect to a suitable cell according to common priority and overload information.

Thus, Operator can configure and push subscribers into the suitable cell according its subscription. For example: a dongle user usually stays in a LTE high frequency band for a high service rate; a VoIP user is prior to stay in a LTE low frequency band to guarantee the continuous coverage.


When UE triggers an inter-frequency or inter-RAT handover, eNodeB can not only choose a suitable target from the cells but also choose a HPLMN cell for national roaming subscribers according to the priorities indexed by its SPID. For national roaming subscribers, HPLMN cell will be more suitable to be selected than roaming cell when entering HPLMN LTE or 3G coverage area through connected mode handover.

Dependency CN

It depends on SAE to support the SPID configuration. Other features

The SPID-specific load-based handover policies function in this feature depends on LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load Balancing or LOFD-001044 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to UTRAN or LOFD-001045 Inter-RAT Load Sharing to GERAN.The SPID-specific handover back to the HPLMN policies function in this feature depends on LBFD-00201802 Coverage Based Inter-frequency or LOFD-001019 PS Inter-RAT Mobility between E-UTRAN and UTRAN.

OthersGSM/UMTS network should support this functionality to avoid ping-pong handover.

1.3.6 LOFD-001059 UL Pre-allocation Based on SPIDAvailability

This feature is




15


SummaryOperator can configure a suitable SPID (Subscriber Profile ID for RAT/Frequency Priority) in core network for each UE. When an UE accesses to the network, its SPID will be transmitted to the eNodeB, by which the eNodeB can enable or disable the UL pre-allocation for the corresponding UE.

BenefitsWith this feature, Operator can assign different UL pre-allocation capability for different UE. UL pre-allocation is used when the cell is in a light load situation to achieve the small latency for a certain UE.

DescriptionThe SPID is an index referring to user information (e.g. mobility profile, service usage profile). The information is UE specific and applies to all its Radio Bearers.

This index is mapped by the eNodeB to locally defined configuration in order to apply specific RRM strategies.

Operator can configure a suitable SPID in core network for each UE. When an UE accesses to the network, its SPID will be transmitted to the eNodeB, by which the eNodeB can enable or disable the UL pre-allocation for the corresponding UE.

UL pre-allocation functionality allocates PUSCH RBs to the UE while the cell is in light load situation; even the UE's sending buffer is empty. It gives the UE the possibility to hit the sending chance quickly. For instance, this functionality can accelerate the ACK of a DL RRC signaling message.

With UL pre-allocation, the sending delay of UE will be shortened, but the power consumption of UE will increase. Operators can adjust the related parameters to get compromise on the latency and power consumption.

EnhancementNone

Dependency CN

This feature depends on SAE to support the SPID configuration.

1.3.7 LOFD-001109 DL Non-GBR Packet BundlingAvailability

This feature is




16


SummaryDelay-based downlink (DL) packet bundling introduces delay control and bundles DL packets before transmission.

BenefitsDelay-based DL packet bundling offers the following benefits:

This feature reduces PDCCH overheads and increases the PDCCH capacity. Compared with non-delay-based functions, this feature better meets the delay

requirements of best effort (BE) services and increases the eNodeB throughput in hybrid service scenarios when both guaranteed bit rate (GBR) and non-GBR services exist.

DescriptionDelay-based DL packet bundling primarily introduces delay control for BE services.

If the network load is light and the resources for control and traffic channels are sufficient, delay-based DL packet bundling is not necessary. When the network load increase, PDCCH packet delay will also increase and PDCCH transmission might be congested. By bundling the PDCCH packets, eNodeB reduced the overhead on the PDCCH transmission. This feature improves BE user experience , and increases the eNodeB throughput in hybrid service scenarios at high load.

When the feature is used, average PDCCH packet delay of GBR services might increase when it is mixed with non-GBR services. For non-GBR services, when Proportional Fair (PF) scheduling is used small PDCCH packet delay might increase.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone

1.4 Signaling Storm & Terminal Battery Life Saving1.4.1 LOFD-070207 Intelligent Access Class ControlAvailability

This feature is




17


SummaryThis feature enables access control in scenarios where a large number of users access the network simultaneously, such as New Year party, concert, or gathering. Access control is performed based on the cell congestion status to ensure smooth access of UEs and prevent a sharp increase in signaling load.

This feature may affect user experience in network access. Therefore, it is recommended that this feature be enabled only when a large number of users access the network simultaneously.

BenefitsThis feature offers the following benefits:

Controls UE access to prevent a sharp increase in signaling load. Relieves cell congestion and improves user experience of UEs that have accessed the

network.

DescriptionAs defined in 3GPP specifications, access class control supported since eRAN2.1 enables an eNodeB to send access control parameters in system information block type 2 (SIB2) to UEs in a cell. Based on access control parameter settings, UEs then determine whether they can access the cell.

Based on the access cause, SIB2 can contain access control parameters for different types of services. The causes include MO Signaling, MO Data, Emergency, SSAC_MMTEL_Video, SSAC_MMTEL_Voice, and CSFB.

For Emergency services, the access control parameter can specify whether to enable access barring. For other services, access control parameters can specify the barring factor, barring duration, and barring of access classes 11 to 15.

Intelligent access class control is an enhancement to access class control. With this enhancement, an eNodeB can determine whether to start access class control based on the cell congestion status. After access class control is started, the eNodeB can dynamically adjust access control parameters until cell congestion is relieved.

Currently, only intelligent access class control for MO Signaling and MO Data are supported.

Intelligent access class control provides the following enhancement:

Enables an eNodeB to start access class control based on the cell congestion status. Enables an eNodeB to dynamically adjust access control parameters after access class

control is enabled.

EnhancementNone

Dependency UE

UEs must support AC barring control defined in 3GPP Release 8.



18


1.5 Refarming1.5.1 LOFD-001051 Compact BandwidthAvailability

This feature is

applicable to Macro from eRAN2.2 not applicable to Micro not applicable to Lampsite

SummaryHuawei LTE supports the compact bandwidths by strict filter and RB punching. Compact bandwidths for 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz and 20 MHz are supported.

Benefits Compact bandwidth configuration helps operators make full use of certain non-standard

frequency bands and reduce the waste of frequency fragment. Compact bandwidth need not to accord with standard bandwidth; Compact bandwidth

produces higher throughput and better user experience. Compact bandwidth is completely transparent to UE and has no impact to R8/R9 UE.

DescriptionHuawei LTE supports the Compact bandwidths listed as follows:

Table 1-1 Compact bandwidths list

None Standard Bandwidth(MHZ)

Available RB number Standard Bandwidth(MHZ)

4.8-4.9 25 5

9.6-9.9 50 10

14.6-14.9 75 15

18.3-18.5 94 20

18.6-18.9 96 20

19-19.2 96 20

19.3-19.9 100 20

EnhancementNone



19


Dependency eNodeB

This feature is only supported on 1800M band with MRFUd, RRU3928 or RRU3929. Other features

The feature LOFD-001014 Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination cannot be used together with this feature when the compact bandwidth is from 18.3MHz to 19.2MHz.

1.6 High Speed Mobility1.6.1 LOFD-001007 High Speed MobilityAvailability

This feature is


SummaryHuawei eNodeB supports the mobility up to 120 km/h at 2.6GHz or 200km/h at 1.8GHz with good performance.

BenefitsHigh speed access is one of the key differentiators for Huawei SingleRAN LTE solution to provide high speed coverage. This feature brings the following benefits:

Allows Huawei LTE system to support high-speed UEs at different speed and frequency combinations with good performance:− 120km/h at 2.6GHz− 160km/h at 2.1GHz− 200km/h at 1.8GHz− 450km/h at 700MHz & 800MHz

Provides a seamless user experience in a high-speed scenario.

DescriptionThis feature allows a Huawei LTE system to operate in a high-speed scenario and deliver good performance.

The higher the velocity that the UE experiences, the severer the effect of fast fading that the system suffers. Therefore, it is more difficult to achieve the same performance in high-speed scenario as in the normal speed.

Huawei eRAN1.0 supports the UE velocity at different frequencies as mentioned above, which has almost covered all mobility scenarios in urban environment. The eNodeB should measure the UE mobility speed and refine the channel estimation scheme accordingly. In



20


addition, the MIMO scheme and resource allocation mechanism is adaptively adjusted by the radio resource management (RRM) function to meet the high-speed performance requirement. For example, it is suitable to use frequency diversity mode rather than frequency-selective scheduling, or transmit diversity rather than spatial multiplexing for a UE at a high speed.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone

1.6.2 LOFD-001008 Ultra High Speed MobilityAvailability

This feature is


SummaryHuawei eNodeB can support the mobility up to 450 km/h at higher frequency in LoS (Line of Sight) scenario with good performance.

BenefitsHigh speed access is one of the key differentiators for Huawei SingleRAN LTE solution to provide high speed coverage. This feature brings the following benefits:

Allows Huawei LTE system to be deployed in any high speed scenario and supports UEs at a speed of up to 450km/h at higher frequency.

Provides a seamless user experience in a high speed scenario.

DescriptionIn addition to the availability of speed in High Speed Mobility feature, this feature allows Huawei LTE system to support UEs with almost any mobility profile at up to 450 km/h in scenario with LoS path (e.g., Rician) and deliver good performance. For example, a UE on a high-speed train could reach up to 450 km/h.

The higher the velocity that the UE experiences, the severer the effect of Doppler shift and fast fading that the system suffers. In Huawei RRM solution, the MIMO scheme and resource allocation mechanism is adaptively adjusted to meet the ultra high speed performance requirement.


450km/h is supported.



21


DependencyNone

1.7 Coverage Enhancement1.7.1 LOFD-001009 Extended Cell Access RadiusAvailability

This feature is


SummaryTo improve wireless network coverage, 3GPP TS36.211 has defined four types of preamble formats (0 - 3) for frame structure type 1. For format 0, it corresponds to small cell access radius, for format 1, 2 and 3, they correspond to extended cell access radius.

BenefitsThis feature is used in large cell scenario to extend the cell access radius.

DescriptionThis feature provides operator with support of extended cell radius. According to the 3GPP TS36.211, there are four types of preamble format (0-3) for PRACH are defined to support different cell access radius, shown in Figure below.

Figure 1-1 Preamble formats and cell access radius

For format 0, the supported cell access radius is about 15 km, it is used in small cell scenario, and considered as basic cell radius. The extended cell radius consists of format 1, 2 and 3. For



22


format 3, the supported cell access radius is about 100 km, which is used in the large cell scenario to enhance the system coverage.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone

1.7.2 LOFD-001031 Extended CPAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThe Cyclic Prefix (CP) is the guard interval used in the OFDM to decrease the interference caused by the multi-path delay. The 3GPP TS36.211 supports two types of CP length, namely normal CP and extended CP.

BenefitsThe normal CP and the extended CP are used in different cell scenarios. In case of small multi-path delay scenario, normal CP can achieve better system performance. In case of large multi-path delay scenario, extended CP can achieve better system performance.

DescriptionFor both downlink and uplink, the extended CP is calculated as follows:

Extended cyclic prefix: TCP = 512*Ts

Where Ts = 1 / (2048*f), f = 15 kHz

For normal CP there are 7 symbols available in one slot. While for extended CP there are 6 symbols available in one slot. The extended CP increases overhead in exchange for larger multi-path capability.

The CP length is set in the network planning phase according to the system application scenario.

EnhancementNone

Dependency UE



23


UEs should support the extended CP length as the eNodeB.



24

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description 2 Networking & Transmission & Security

2 Networking & Transmission & Security

About This Chapter3.1 Transmission & Synchronization

3.2 IPv6

3.3 Security

3.4 Reliability

3.5 Site Architecture

2.1 Transmission & Synchronization2.1.1 LOFD-003002 2G/3G and LTE Co-transmissionAvailability

This feature is

applicable to Macro from eRAN1.0 not applicable to Micro applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0

Summary2G/3G and LTE co-transmission provides the operators the possibility of LTE co-transmission with legacy networks such as GSM, UMTS, or CDMA for better resources utilization and OPEX reduction.

BenefitsIn a co-site scenario:



25


Better utilization of transmission resources is achieved. OPEX (rental fees of the transmission resources) is reduced.

DescriptionThe eNodeB supports co-transmission with other 2G/3G base stations.

During eNodeB site deployment, it is possible that an eNodeB shares a site with a base station of different technologies such as GSM, UMTS, or CDMA. In this case, co-transmission facilitates better utilization of transmission resources and reduces the OPEX (rental fees of the transmission resources).

The following figure shows the 2G/3G and LTE co-transmission

Figure 1-1 2G/3G and LTE co-transmission

The implementation of the co-transmission function depends on four sub functions: multiple ports, IP route, DHCP relay, and Weighted Round Robin (WRR) scheduling. They are described as follows:

Multiple ports: eNodeB supports several Ethernet and E1/T1 interfaces. IP route: The data of the cascaded base station is switched to IP network by the IP route

function in the eNodeB. IP routes can be configured by users. DHCP relay: In general, a cascaded base station obtains the IP address by the DHCP

function. With the DHCP function, the DHCP client, that is the base station, and the DHCP server are required to be located in the same broadcast domain. In the co-transmission scenario, however, the cascaded base station is not located in the same broadcast domain as the DHCP server. DHCP relay provides a means to transfer DHCP messages between different broadcast domains.

WRR scheduling: It ensures fairness between the cascaded base station and the eNodeB for the data transport. Data are scheduled on the basis of the weight computed according to the traffic bandwidth. Each base station and eNodeB has a weight and then has a chance to be scheduled.

EnhancementNone



26


Dependency Others

2G/3G should support IP transmission.

2.1.2 LOFD-003011 Enhanced Transmission QoS Management2.1.2.1 LOFD-00301101 Transport Overbooking



SummaryThe transmission overbooking allows admission of more users with the guarantee of certain quality with the enhanced admission control mechanism (TAC: Transport Admission Control) and QoS mechanism (traffic shaping and congestion control).

BenefitsThis feature allows admission of more users with the guarantee of certain traffic quality.

DescriptionThe transmission overbooking mechanism allows admission of more users with the guarantee of certain traffic quality.

The implementation of this function depends on the sub-functions TAC, traffic shaping, and congestion control.

TAC: It allows the bandwidth for user admission control to be larger than the bandwidth of the physical port. That is, operators can set the admission threshold to allow admission of more users.

Traffic shaping: It guarantees that the total available traffic bandwidth is not larger than the total configured bandwidth. The minimum transport bandwidth of each resource group supported by eNodeB is 64kps for dual rate and 32kps for single rate The bandwidth granularity is 1kbps.

Congestion control: It detects congestion. If congestion occurs, two steps would be taken. First, a signal is sent to the data source to indicate the congestion. Second, some low-priority packets are discarded.

EnhancementNone



27


DependencyNone

2.1.2.2 LOFD-00301102 Transport Differentiated Flow Control



SummaryTransmission Differentiated Flow Control enhances the admission control mechanism (TAC: Transport Admission Control) ,Queue scheduling (Priority Queue-PQ scheduling and Weighted Round Robin-WRR scheduling) and back-pressure flow control to provide users with differentiated services while guaranteeing fairness.

BenefitsThis feature provides users with differentiated services while guaranteeing fairness.

DescriptionTransmission Differentiated Flow Control provides users with differentiated services while guaranteeing fairness.

Fairness: Each admission user should be allocated some bandwidth to avoid hungry phenomenon.

Differentiation: High-priority users take precedence over low-priority ones.

The implementation of this function depends on the sub-functions TAC , Queue scheduling and back-pressure flow control.

TAC: If the GBR requirement exists, the transport bandwidth is computed on the basis of the GBR; otherwise, it is computed on the basis of the default reserved bandwidth of, for example, non-GBR services.

Queue scheduling: services enter to PQ and WRR queues based on service priority. Services that entered the PQ queues have the highest priority to be scheduled, Services that entered the WRR queues are scheduled on the basis of the weight computed according to the traffic bandwidth. Each service has a weight and then has a chance to be scheduled.

Back-pressure flow control: It detects congestion S1 overhead . If congestion occurs, two steps would be taken. First, a signal is sent to the data source to indicate the congestion. Second, some low-priority packets are discarded.

EnhancementNone



28


DependencyNone

2.1.2.3 LOFD-00301103 Transport Resource Overload Control



SummaryTransmission Resource Overload Control is a way to rapidly enhance the transmission stability when overloaded happen unexpectedly.

BenefitThis feature provides protection for the system when transmission resources are overloaded unexpectedly

DescriptionTransmission Resource Overload Control provides protection for the system when transmission resources are overloaded unexpectedly.

There are two scenarios of the unexpected overload:

A great bandwidth change of transport bearer (the bandwidth available in the system) occurs. For example, the transmission bandwidth decreases from 20 Mb/s to 10 Mb/s because of network failure.

A great bandwidth change of service traffic (the bandwidth used in the system) occurs. For example, the traffic bandwidth increases from 5 Mb/s to 10 Mb/s rapidly.

When the above-mentioned scenarios happen, it is necessary to take some extreme actions such as releasing low-priority users to guarantee high-priority users'QoS.

The strategy depends on QoS parameter Allocation and Retention Priority (ARP). ARP defines whether user could be released during overload or not.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone



29


2.1.3 LOFD-070219 IP Active Performance MeasurementAvailability

This feature is

applicable to Macro from eRAN7.0 applicable to Micro from eRAN7.0 applicable to LampSite from eRAN7.0

SummaryIP performance monitoring (IPPM) introduced by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) boosts IP transport network development and improves the test performance of IP links between transmission devices and test devices.

This feature is developed based on IPPM specifications, including RFC5357 (TWAMP), RFC2678, RFC2680, RFC2681, and RFC3393.

This feature supports IPPM between wireless network elements (NEs) and devices supporting the Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) in the wireless backhaul network. For example, IPPM can be performed between:

eNodeBs over the X2 interfaces Base stations and base station controllers in the GSM or UMTS network eNodeBs and devices in the evolved packet core (EPC) Base station controllers Base station controllers and devices in the core network (CN) Wireless NEs and transmission devices (such as routers) Wireless NEs and test devices

BenefitsThis feature supports the quality of service (QoS) test on the transport network, facilitates problem location and rectification, and therefore reduces maintenance costs.

This feature supports traffic measurement over a long duration, enables operators to monitor the QoS of the transport network, and therefore reduces maintenance costs.

This feature uses UDP packet injection for testing, consuming network bandwidths. For example, if a piece of monitoring stream is sent in consecutive packet transmission mode at a speed of 10 packets per second and the length of each packet is 80 bytes, the network bandwidth to be consumed is 6.4 kbit/s.

DescriptionThis feature detects the transmission performance of the IP network between eNodeBs and the EPC, or between transport devices and test devices based on the TWAMP. Meanwhile, this feature monitors changes in QoS parameters related to the transport network, such as round-trip delay, one-way packet loss rate, and one-way jitter.



30


A measurement model is defined based on the TWAMP. The measurement model provides functions of the Controller and the Responder. The Controller consists of the Session-Sender and Control-Client, and the Responder consists of the Session-Reflector and Server.

TWAMP control packets are transmitted between the Control-Client and Server for measurement task negotiation (also known as initialization), start, and stop. TWAMP control packets are transmitted based on TCP, and the Server uses port 862.

TWAMP test packets are transmitted between the Session-Sender and Session-Reflector based on UDP.

The following figure shows the working mechanism of the measurement model.

The Controller sends TWAMP packets over a negotiated stream based on the measurement task negotiation result. The stream consists of the Controller IP address, Responder IP address, UDP port number, and Type-P information. Type-P information can be the protocol type, port number, packet length, or differentiated services code point (DSCP). A TWAMP test packet contains the sending sequence number and sending timestamp. Based on the TWAMP test packets, link performance indicators (such as one-way delay, one-way jitter, one-way packet loss rate, and round-trip delay) can be calculated.

The Responder sends responses to the packets sent by the Controller. The Responder records the receiving timestamp, obtains the sending sequence number and timestamp, and generates a response packet. The response packet contains the receiving timestamp, sending sequence number, and sending timestamp of each packet sent by the Controller, as well as the sending sequence number and sending timestamp of each packet sent by the Session-Reflector.

This feature works in unacknowledged mode, and supports the functions of the Controller and Responder.

This feature calculates the packet loss rate within a measurement period using the following formulas:

Packet loss rate in the direction from the Sender to the Reflector = (Number of packets sent by the Sender – Number of packets sent by the Reflector)/Number of packets sent by the Sender



31


Packet loss rate in the direction from the Reflector to the Sender = (Number of packets sent by the Reflector – Number packets received by the Sender)/Number of packets sent by the Reflector

This feature calculates the round-trip time (RTT) using the following formula:

RTT = (T2 – T1) + (T4 – T3) = (T4 – T1) – (T3 – T2)

where

T1: time that the Sender sends the packet T2: time that the Reflector receives the packet T3: time that the Reflector sends the response packet T4: time that the Sender receives the response packet

This feature calculates the one-way jitter based on the delay between adjacent packets.

This feature supports fault location of the transport network in segments in daily operation and maintenance by connecting the eNodeB and TWAMP supporting devices such as the intermediate router. This feature supports traffic measurement over a long duration and quality monitoring of the transport network.

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

None UE

None Transport Network

None CN

None OSS

None Other Features

None Others

Peer devices must support the TWAMP protocol.

2.1.4 LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization2.1.4.1 LOFD-00301303 Clock over IP (Huawei proprietary)




32



SummaryClock over IP is an alternative network clock synchronization solution if the network does not support the IEEE1588 V2 Clock Synchronization. It is Huawei proprietary clock protocol.

BenefitsHuawei proprietary clock over IP protocol does not require extra requirement to be invested into the IP network. This feature has the same requirements for the network as the service transmission.

DescriptionThe IEEE 1588V2 clock synchronization solution requires that all the devices on the clock relay path support IEEE1588V2 protocol. If the network does not support IEEE1588V2 protocol, Huawei LTE eRAN2.0 can use Huawei proprietary protocol to support clock over IP.

The following figure shows the framework of Huawei proprietary protocol. The clock servers generate time stamps and send the time stamps to eNodeBs connecting to it, which act as clock clients in this case. Because there is delay and jitter in packet networks, eNodeB uses an adaptive method to get rid of the delay and retrieve the timing signals. The time stamps are set in packets at the UDP layer and will be transmitted at the physical layer after the related packet header is added, so there will be an extra expense in bandwidth.



33


Figure 1-1 Framework of Huawei proprietary protocol

Pay attention to the following information:

There are clock servers and clock clients. The servers can be located in the network independently, and the clients are integrated into the eNodeBs.

An adaptive algorithm is involved in the system. The clock servers send time stamps, and clock clients receive time stamps to retrieve the frequency.

One clock server serves a maximum of 512 eNodeBs. Two or more clock servers can be used together to improve the reliability. This is

optional. The required transmission bandwidth for time stamps in unicast mode is from 5kbit/s to

100kbit/s for each clock client. In most cases, 25kbit/s is recommended. This proprietary protocol only supports frequency synchronization. Frequency accuracy

obtained in the eNodeB is 0.05ppm.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone



34


2.2 IPv62.2.1 LOFD-003023 IEEE 1588v2 over IPv6Availability

This feature is


SummaryThis feature enables eNodeB to provide frequency synchronization by transporting IEEE 1588v2 PTP messages through IPv6 unicast packet.

This feature is applicative in FDD system.

BenefitsWhen eNodeB accesses the IPv6 network, IEEE 1588 v2 clock synchronization could be used in IPv6 transmission network, provide an alternative clock solution for the GPS clock synchronization.

DescriptionIEEE 1588 v2 standard enables precise synchronization of clocks in measurement and control systems implemented with technologies such as network communication, local computing and distributed objects. It is applicable to systems communicating via packet networks.

The clocks in the communication system communicate with each other over a communication network and the 1588 function generates a master slave relationship among the clocks in the system. All clocks ultimately derive their time from a clock known as the grandmaster clock.

IEEE 1588 v2 over IPv6 enables the use of 1588 in networking environment deploying IPv6. Time server as clock master sends the IEEE 1588v2 PTP message which encapsulated in IPv6 unicast packet. Then the eNodeB as clock client receives these message and uses the Adaptive Clock algorithm to implement frequency synchronization.

The synchronization mechanism is the same as IEEE1588 v2 over IPv4, please refer to LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization.

EnhancementNone

Dependency Transport network

The peer equipments should support IPv6. Other features

This feature depends on LOFD-003013 Enhanced Synchronization.



35


OthersThis feature needs time server support 1588v2 over IPv6.

2.3 Security2.3.1 LOFD-001010 Security Mechanism2.3.1.1 LOFD-00101001 Encryption: AES



SummaryThe encryption function provides confidentiality protection for both signaling data and user data between the eNodeB and the UE.

BenefitsThe procedure provides confidentiality protection for signaling data and user data in order to keep them from illegal interception and modifying.

DescriptionLTE handles the ciphering protection for the RRC signaling and user data. The encryption function includes both ciphering and deciphering and it is performed at PDCP layer. The ciphering is activated by the initial security activation procedure after receiving the UE context from the EPC. Upon connection establishment , the ciphering algorithm and key to be used are generated by the RRC, which is common for all radio bearers, for example, the configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying user data.

The ciphering algorithms can only be changed with handover. The ciphering keys change with handover or RRC connection re-establishment. An intra-cell handover procedure may be used to change the keys in RRC_CONNECTED mode.

From eRAN1.0, encryption algorithm AES is supported.

EnhancementNone

Dependency UE

The UE should support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB.



36


2.3.1.2 LOFD-00101002 Encryption: SNOW 3G



SummaryThe encryption function provides confidentiality protection for both signaling data and user data between the eNodeB and the UE.

BenefitsThe procedure provides confidentiality protection for signaling data and user data in order to keep them from illegal interception and modifying.

DescriptionLTE handles the ciphering protection for the RRC signaling and user data. The encryption function includes both ciphering and deciphering and it is performed at PDCP layer. The ciphering is activated by the initial security activation procedure after receiving the UE context from the EPC. Upon connection establishment , the ciphering algorithm and key to be used are generated by the RRC, which is common for all radio bearers, for example, the configuration is used for the radio bearers carrying signaling data as well as for those carrying user data.

The ciphering algorithms can only be changed with handover. The ciphering keys change with handover or RRC connection re-establishment. An intra-cell handover procedure may be used to change the keys in RRC_CONNECTED mode.

Huawei eRAN2.0 supports SNOW3G with 128 bits keys.

EnhancementNone

Dependency UE

The UE should support the same encryption algorithm as the eNodeB.

2.3.2 LOFD-003009 IPsecAvailability

This feature is

applicable to Macro from eRAN1.0 applicable to Micro form eRAN3.0



37


applicable to Lampsite from eRAN6.0

SummaryIPsec is used to protect, authenticate, and encrypt data flow for necessary security between two network entities at the IP layer.

BenefitsThis feature provides the security mechanism, confidentiality, integrity, and authentication between participating peers at the IP layer.

DescriptionThe following figure shows the IPsec

Figure 1-1 IPsec

IP Security (IPsec) provides a framework of open standards dealing with data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication between participating hosts. IPsec provides these security services at the IP layer. It uses IKEV1 & IKEV2 (Internet Key Exchange) to handle negotiation of protocols and algorithms based on the local policy and to generate the encryption and authentication keys used by IPsec.

IPsec can be used to protect one or more data flows between two eNodeBs, between eNodeB and SGW/MME, or between security gateway and eNodeB.

The key characteristics of IPsec are as follows:

Two encapsulation modes: transport mode and channel mode Two security protocols: Authentication Header (AH) and Encapsulation Security Payload

(ESP) Main encryption methods: NULL, Data Encryption Standard , Triple Data Encryption

Standard , and Advanced Encryption Standard Main integrity protection methods: HMAC_SHA-1,AES-XCBC-MAC-96, SHA256 and

HMAC_MD5, where HMAC stands for Hash Message Authentication Code, SHA stands for Secure Hash Algorithm, and MD5 stands for Message Digest 5



38

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_key_exchange


EnhancementIn eRAN2.0, PKI (Public Key infrastructure) could be used to provide authentication for IPsec. This needs the support of feature LOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure (PKI).

In eRAN3.0,two new integrity protection methods AES-XCBC-MAC-96 and SHA256 could be use.


Security gateway is needed, and it should support IPsec. Other features

This feature depends on LOFD-003010 Public Key Infrastructure(PKI).

2.3.3 LOFD-003014 Integrated Firewall2.3.3.1 LOFD-00301401 Access Control List (ACL)



SummaryAccess Control List is comprised of a series rules, the eNodeB provides packet filtering based on Access Control List.

Benefits The eNodeB provides packets filtering according to Access Control List to prevent some

attacks. The eNodeB identifies specific kinds of packets, which need to be encrypted and

authenticated by IPsec according to Access Control List.

DescriptionAccess Control List (ACL) is comprised of a series rules. The operating in the system is according to the rules of ACL.

ACL is supported by eNodeB. With ACL rules, the eNodeB provides packets filtering according the packet attributes, such as, source IP addresses, destination IP addresses, source port numbers and destination port numbers of the packets. The ACL rules can also be based on the Type of service (TOS), DSCP and address wildcard.

When IPsec is applied to guarantee security of the data flows, operators can select data flows that need to encrypted and authenticated by IPsec with Access Control List.



39



ACL can be utilized by L2 filter; working under L2, ACL rule will filter packages by VLAN identify. The eNodeB can identify the VLAN ID of the packages, only packages with own VLAN ID will be allowed.eNodeB support that IPsec encrypted and authenticate selected data flows with ACL under IPv6.

DependencyNone

2.3.3.2 LOFD-00301402 Access Control List (ACL) Auto Configuration


applicable to Macro from eRAN7.0 applicable to Micro from eRAN7.0 applicable to LampSite from eRAN7.0

SummaryThis feature automatically creates access control list (ACL) rules for operation and maintenance (O&M) data, service data, signaling data, data from the Certificate Authority (CA), data from the security gateway (SeGW), and clock data. The automatic ACL rule creation simplifies whitelist configuration for the packet filtering function.

BenefitsThis feature reduces the complexity of configuring the packet filtering function.

DescriptionThis feature works as follows:

Enables the eNodeB to obtain the IP addresses and port numbers of peer NEs from the managed object (MO) information about O&M link, service link, signaling link, CA, SeGW, and clock. Using the IP addresses and port numbers, this feature automatically creates ACL rules. These automatically created ACL rules can ensure that the eNodeB provides basic services.

Updates related ACL rules when MO information changes.

When an O&M function is enabled at the peer end, not at the local end, the eNodeB cannot obtain the IP address of a maintenance packet. To ensure information security, ACL rules for maintenance data must be manually created.

EnhancementNone



40


Dependency eNodeB

None UE

None Transport Network

None CN

None OSS

None Other Features

None Others

None

2.4 Reliability2.4.1 LOFD-001018 S1-flexAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThis feature is part of the MME Pool solution which needs the support from both the eNodeB and the MME. It allows an eNodeB to be connected to multiple MMEs simultaneously.

Huawei eNodeB supports a maximum of 16 S1 interfaces. There is one MME on each S1 interface which can be also connected to several MMEs.

BenefitsThis feature increases the flexibility of S1 interface and provides the following benefits:

Increases the overall usage of capacity of MME pool. Improves the load sharing across MMEs in pool. Avoids unnecessary signaling in the core network when the UE moves in the MME Pool

Area because the served MME of the UE will not change.



41


DescriptionA connection topology between MME Pool and eNodeBs is shown as Figure 2-1:

Figure 1-1 connection topology between MME Pool and eNodeBs

If an eNodeB connects to a MME Pool, it indicates that the eNodeB must be able to determine which MME in the pool should receive the signaling sent from a UE:

If the UE gives the MME information in the RRC signal message, the eNodeB will select the MME according with this information.

If the UE does not give the MME information or the registered MME is not connected to the eNodeB, the eNodeB will select a MME as follow:

Topology-based MME Pool selection

The MME pool is selected based the network topology to reduces the possibility of switching MME during mobility.

Load-based MME selection

The MME is selected based on its capacity and load. The capacity of the MME can be informed to the eNodeB during the S1 setup by the MME. When an MME is overloaded, the eNodeB will limit assigning new UEs to the MME according to the overload action information MME sent to it when overload started.


The priority-based MME selection method is added. When MMEs or the S1 interfaces to MMEs are assigned different priorities, the MME with the highest priority is



42


preferentially selected. If multiple MMEs have the highest priority, the MME with the lowest load among them is preferentially selected. An MME with a low priority is selected only when all high-priority MMEs are faulty or overloaded.The cell-based MME information configuration is added. In the case of TDD and FDD system sharing the same eNodeB but with separated MME group, UE will only access the MMEs which have been configured to the cell.

Dependency CN

MME must support MME Pool function simultaneously.

2.4.2 LOFD-003007 Bidirectional Forwarding DetectionModel

LT1S000BFD00



SummaryBFD is a kind of bidirectional-detecting mechanism, which can be used to detect the fault of the IP route.

Benefits BFD help the operator to detecting network fault. BFD achieve reliability and high availability of Ethernet services, enables the service

provider to provide economical and efficient advanced Ethernet services.

DescriptionThe BFD feature is a method for IP connectivity failure detection by periodically transmitting BFD packets between two nodes. When no BFD packets are received during the detection interval, failure is declared and related recover action will be triggered, such as IP route, to avoid traffic drop. BFD can detecting the failure rapidly, so it could use for telecom service above IP network.

The one-hop and multi-hop BFD is supported by eNodeB. Multi-hop means there is at least one router on the IP path between the source node and destination node. Otherwise it is one-hop.

The one-hop BFD is used for the gateway availability detection when router is used.



43


The multi-hop BFD is used for detecting the connectivity of two network elements, such as eNodeB to eNodeB, eNodeB to SGW/MME and eNodeB to transport equipment. The following figure shows the one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios:

Figure 1-1 the one-hop and multi-hop BFD application scenarios

EnhancementNone


The peer equipment must support BFD when BFD is used to detect the fault of the IP route.

2.4.3 LOFD-003008 Ethernet Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)Model

LT1S000ELA00



SummaryThe Ethernet Link Aggregation binds several Ethernet links to one logical link.



44


Benefits Ethernet link aggregation enhances the reliability of Ethernet link between eNodeB and

transport equipment. Ethernet provides loading balance on the link between the eNodeB and transport

equipment and increases the bandwidth of the link.

DescriptionEthernet link aggregation is a protocol defined in IEEE802.3ad. IEEE802.3ad defines a link aggregation control protocol (LACP). The links status of link group could be detected by LACP.

The eNodeB supports static LACP. For static LACP, the parameters of the link group are configured manually. The fault detecting uses the LACP.

The Ethernet link aggregation can be used in the following figure.

Figure 1-1 the Ethernet link aggregation

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

This feature is not applicable to UMPT board. Transport network

The tranport network's ingress equipment from eNodeB must support this function.It must support Ethenet.

2.5 Site Architecture2.5.1 LOFD-003029 SFNAvailability

This feature is



45



SummaryThis feature combines multiple RRU(Radio Remote Unit) or pRRU(Pico RRU) into one single frequency network (SFN) logical cell. Only one PCI (Physical Cell Identifier) is used for this logical cell.SFN implements the joint scheduling of air interface resources in multiple RRU/pRRU by transmitting the same data with the same time-frequency resources from different RRU/pRRU.

BenefitsThe SFN feature reduces interference and greatly improves the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the cell edge in a densely populated area.

The SFN feature improves the blind/weak point coverage and indoor coverage.

The SFN feature reduces handover times and call drop rate compared with the independent RRU/pRRU depolyment.

DescriptionThis feature provides independent demodulation of signals from multiple RRUs in one cell.

In uplink, the eNodeB performs independent demodulation of the multiple RRU receiver signals within a BBU. The eNodeB receiving PRACH and SRS from all RRUs first. Then the RRU with shortest RTD (Round Trip Delay) of PRACH loopback is selected for PRACH receiving. The RRU with best SRS RSRP is selected for PUSCH and PUCCH receiving.

In downlink, the eNodeB copies the signal of a cell and outputs it to multiple RRUs. Comparing to single RRU cell, the multiple RRUs combined cell has no interference between RRUs, but obtained gain from transmitting from multiple RRUs.

A cell can be divided into multiple coverage area, each coverage area has independent RRU, and multiple RRUs belong to the same cell and have the same PCI.

This feature supports two to six RRUs/pRRU groups to be combined to support one SFN cell based on LBBP board type. All RRUs/pRRU used for one SFN cell’s combination shall be connected to same LBBP board.

When using this feature, Carrier Aggregation, Extended CP, Intra-eNodeB UL CoMP and UL 2x2 MU-MIMO can not be supported.

EnhancementNone.

Dependency eNodeB

All RRUs used for one cell's combination shall be connected to same baseband board.Multiple RRUs per eNodeB are needed.



46


All RRUs used for one cell's combination shall be all 1T1R RRUs, all 2T2R RRUs or all 2T4R RRUs.This feature is not supported with LBBPc for Macro RRU combination.



47

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description 3 O&M

3 O&M

About This Chapter4.1 SON Self-Configuration

4.2 SON Self-Optimization

4.3 SON Self-Healing

4.4 Power Saving

4.5 Antenna Management

3.1 SON Self-Optimization3.1.1 LOFD-001032 Intra-LTE Load BalancingAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThis feature resolves load imbalances between the serving cell and its inter-frequency neighboring cells.

BenefitsThis feature achieves better utilization of network resources and increases system capacity. In addition, it reduces the probability of system overload and increases access success rates.



48


DescriptionIntra-LTE Load Balancing is recommended in commercial LTE networks with multiple LTE frequencies where one frequency has a higher load but other frequencies have lower load.

After this feature is enabled, a local cell measures its own cell load If the local cell load exceeds a preset threshold, the eNodeB of the local cell will collect neighboring cell load information. If a neighboring cell's load is lower than a threshold, the eNodeB to which the local cell belongs will decide whether to hand over some UEs to the lower loaded neighboring cell. The cell load is represented by the physical resource block (PRB) usage, as defined in 3GPP TS 36.314.

The load balancing procedure consists of the following activities: load measurement and evaluation, load information exchange, load balancing decision, load balancing execution and performance monitoring.

Intra-LTE Load Balancing is used in scenarios where inter-frequency LTE cells have highly overlapping coverage.

Blind load balancing is supported for the scenarios where no X2 interface is available or the X2 interface does not support load information exchange.


Frequency priority based MLB is supported.Blind load balancing is applicable to scenarios where no X2 interface is available or the X2 interface does not support load information exchange.

DependencyNone.

3.1.2 LOFD-002005 Mobility Robust Optimization (MRO)Availability

This feature is


SummaryMRO aims to reduce ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers. It is implemented by optimizing the typical mobility control parameters.

BenefitsThis feature provides the following benefits:



49


Reducing ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers. Saving labor cost for typical and common mobility optimization scenarios

DescriptionThis feature reduces ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers in different scenarios:

Ping-pong handovers, too early handovers, and too late handovers of Intra-LTE scenarios.The major MRO parameter adjustment are the CIO (Cell Individual Offset) of event A3 for intra-frequency MRO, CIO of event A3/A4 and measurement threshold of event A2 for inter-frequency MRO.Both too early and too late handovers are captured at the source eNodeB. Only outgoing handover failures are captured. There is no need to capture incoming handovers.CIO offset is adjusted automatically by steps according to the number of abnormal handovers in a certain period. CIO offset explicitly declares the handover threshold between measurement results of signaling quality from both source and target cells. Hence, changing the CIO offset will shift ahead or delay the happening of handovers.The reduction of ping-pong handovers exploits the UE History Information that is passed from the source eNodeB to the target eNodeB during the handover preparation. When the UE History Information is received, the target eNodeB identifies ping-pong if the second newest cell's GCI is equal to that of the target cell and the time spent in the source cell is less than a ping-pong time threshold. Ping-pong is corrected by decreasing the Cell Individual Offset, thus delaying handovers.In the intra-frequency scenario, there is a UE specific ping-pong handover reduction algorithm. If the UE is identified under ping-pong handover, specific CIO parameter is applied for the UE to stop the ping-pong handover.

Too early handovers and too late handovers of Inter-RAT scenarios.Event A2 and B1 measurements thresholds are adjusted for inter-RAT scenarios.


MRO feature is enhanced with the following administration functions:− Feature On/Off Switch: operator can enable or disable the feature− Log: records the key event during the MRO process and this information can be used

for query and statistic. Operator can also analyze the log to check the feature running status and key events.

In eRAN6.0UE-level MRO against ping-pong handovers is introduced. The eNodeB identifies ping-pong UEs and sends corresponding UE-level MRO parameters to these UEs. This type of MRO reduces the number of ping-pong handovers, reduces Uu resource usage, and improves quality of experience (QoE) of UEs.The UE-level MRO algorithm is independent of the cell-level MRO algorithm. They are controlled by different switches.

Dependency eNodeB

For intra-LTE MRO scenarios, X2 interface is needed.



50


3.1.3 LOFD-002015 RACH OptimizationAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThe feature supports the following functions:

Dynamic adjustment of preamble groups Dynamic assignment of PRACH resources Optimize the back-off time

BenefitsThe feature increases the random access success ratio.

DescriptionThe number of PRACH preamble is 64, the preamble is divided into two parts which is for contention-based random access and non-contention-based random access separately. The eNodeB can detect which part is enough while another part is not enough, and eNodeB can adjust the number of the preamble group dynamically according to the demand.

The PRACH configuration index indicates the number and positions of sub-frames which are used to send random access preamble. The eNodeB measures the number of preamble during the period, and eNodeB will adjust the PRACH configuration index to fulfill the demand. If the number of preamble is more than threshold, the PRACH configuration index will be adjusted to indicate more sub-frames, and vice versa.

When conflict on PRACH resource detected, eNodeB could send different back-off time indicator to UEs. UE could select a random back-off time based on the back-off time indicator to try access again, so that the chance of conflict again is reduced.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone



51


3.2 SON Self-Healing3.2.1 LOFD-002010 Sleeping Cell DetectionAvailability

This feature is


SummarySleeping cell refers to one cell may have some serious problems but no obvious abnormal event or alarm had been triggered. UEs may camp in this cell but they cannot setup any service connection or access into the network. This feature is provided to detect such issues and to notify operator.

BenefitsThis feature will shorten the time to detect some cell with serious fault problem but not having triggered an alarm yet

DescriptionThe sleeping cell detection is a function that an eNodeB can automatically detect faulty cell which cannot provide normal service but eNodeB does not report alarm to EMS, so operator does not know if cell is under sleeping status and cannot solve it in time.

eNodeB can detect sleeping cell itself and report alarm to EMS. EMS also can implement an algorithm to detect sleeping cell and generate an alarm. These two ways can be combined together to find sleeping cell more accurately than only by one way.

eNodeB uses the connected user measurement method to detect the sleeping cell. eNodeB will count connected user every second. If the user number keeps zero for a given period of time (this time value can be configured), eNodeB will generate an alarm to EMS. EMS will correlate this alarm with some other alarms (for example, the alarm from antenna to which the cell is associated, the alarm from the Tx/Rx channel, etc). This alarm is generated when the eNodeB detects that the cell has no accessing of any user for a long time.

After detecting the dormant cell, the eNodeB will deactivate and activate the cell automatically.

It is suggested that this feature will be used with EMS sleeping cell detection feature together to get more accurate result.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone



52


3.2.2 LOFD-002011 Antenna Fault DetectionAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThe faults on the antenna system and radio frequency (RF) channels are caused by the improper installation of projects when the projects are created, relocated, or optimized. The faults can also be caused by natural or external changes.

This feature provides the function of detecting faults on eRAN antennas and enables users to detect and locate antenna faults.

BenefitsThis feature implements the detection of common antenna faults, thus improving the efficiency and accuracy of fault diagnosis.

By using this feature, RF engineers need not use equipment to measure eNodeB on site every time, thus reducing the project cost.

DescriptionThe antenna system plays an important role in mobile communications. The performance of the entire network is affected by the following problems:

Improper type or location of the antenna system Improperly configured parameters of the antenna system Faulty antenna system

The antenna fault detection system can detect the following faults and raise related alarms:

− Weak receiving signal

− Unbalance of receiving signal between the main and the diversity

− Voltages Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) abnormal

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone



53


3.3 Power Saving3.3.1 LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power ConsumptionAvailability

This feature is


SummaryHuawei LTE supports the green eNodeB solution with power saving management. This solution has two sub-features: Adaptive Power Adjustment and RF module regular time sleep mode.

BenefitsThis feature improves the efficiency of the PA and saves power consumption of the eNodeB.

DescriptionHuawei LTE supports the green eNodeB solution with power saving management. This solution has two sub-features: Adaptive Power Adjustment and RF module regular time sleep mode.

Adaptive Power Adjustment

Huawei Adaptive Power Adjustment solution, based on the traffic load, supports dynamic adjustment of the PA working state, and thereby improves PA efficiency and saves eNodeB power consumption.

The typical scenarios are described as follows:

1. Based on the change of cell load in the day and at night, the PA working state is changed dynamically.

2. Based on the change of cell load in the working days and non-working days of the business districts, the PA working state is changed dynamically.

3. At the early stage of network deployment, there are usually less users in the cell, and when there's no any user in the cell, the PA working state is changed dynamically.

RF module regular time sleep mode

In some scenarios, such as high-speed railway, which will stop operating at late night, the RF module of eNodeB can be put into sleep mode automatically at preset time based on the operator's configuration.

EnhancementNone



54


Dependency OSS

This feature depends on OSS feature WOFD-200200 Base Station Power-Saving Management -LTE.

Others"Adaptive Power Adjustment" is not supported in 1.4, 3 and 5 MHz system bandwidth.

3.3.2 LOFD-001039 RF Channel Intelligent ShutdownAvailability

This feature is


SummaryIn MIMO mode, the carrier for a cell is transferred through different transmission channels. When no traffic is on the cell, the carrier can be switched off on part of transmission channels. In this way, the power consumption of the eNodeB in empty load mode is decreased. When there is traffic, the carrier can be switched on automatically to have the cell run normally again.

BenefitsWithout load, the eNodeB can switch off carrier on some transmit channels to reduce the power consumption of the eNodeB.

DescriptionAn eNodeB in the LTE system is usually configured with two or four antennas. The traffic in the cell varies by time. In some certain periods, for example, from the midnight to the early morning (operators can customize the periods), there is no traffic. When the idle status is detected by the eNodeB, it switched off the carrier on one transmission channel (if there are two transmission channels) or on two transmission channels (if there are four transmission channels) to decrease the power consumption. When a UE accesses the cell or the periods end, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carrier that is switched off. Then, the cell recovers to the normal state and continues with services.

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

The eNodeB must have more than one RF channel. OSS



55



Other featuresLOFD-001001 DL 2x2 MIMO or LOFD-001003 DL 4x2 MIMO

OthersThis feature is not supported in 1.4, 3 and 5 MHz system bandwidth.

3.3.3 LOFD-001040 Low Power Consumption ModeAvailability

This feature is


SummaryIn some cases where an eNodeB detects a power outage or receives a command, the eNodeB can opt to or be forced to enter low power consumption mode, which helps extend the in-service time of an eNodeB powered by batteries.

BenefitsCompared with the eNodeB in normal mode, an eNodeB in low power consumption mode consumes less power and has a longer in-service time if powered by batteries. In addition, if the power supply cannot be quickly restored, the probability of an eNodeB going out of service is also lower.

DescriptionLow power consumption mode has three stages. If the eNodeB stays in a stage for a time equal to the operator-defined duration threshold and the power supply fails to restore within this time, the eNodeB enters the next stage. This process continues until the cell becomes out of service.

An eNodeB enters low power consumption mode if either of the following conditions is met:

The power outage alarm is reported.If power insufficiency or power failure lasts for a time equal to the operator-defined duration, this alarm is reported and the eNodeB enters low power consumption mode.

The element management system (EMS) delivers a command.The operator delivers a command using the EMS, instructing the eNodeB to enter or exit from low power consumption mode.

EnhancementNone



56


Dependency eNodeB

This feature is only applicable to Macro eNodeB configured with Battery OSS


3.3.4 LOFD-001041 Power Consumption MonitoringAvailability

This feature is

applicable to Macro from eRAN2.0 applicable to Micro from eRAN3.0 not applicable to Lampsite

SummaryThe eNodeB reports the power consumption status to the EMS. Through the EMS, the change in power consumption of the eNodeB can be monitored by the operator, and a report on the power consumption can be generated.

BenefitsThe eNodeB reports the power consumption status to the EMS. Therefore, the operator can monitor the power consumption of the eNodeB. With the report on the power consumption, the operator can exactly know the benefits brought by the decrease in power consumption.

DescriptionThe eNodeB periodically monitors the power of each monitoring point and reports the power consumption within a period. The EMS receives and collects all data about power consumption. Through the EMS, the operator can observe the change in the power consumption and analyze the power consumption according to a statistics report generated by the EMS.

EnhancementNone

Dependency OSS




57


3.3.5 LOFD-001042 Intelligent Power-Off of Carriers in the Same CoverageAvailability

This feature is


SummaryWhen there is light traffic in an area that is covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers can be blocked, and all services can be automatically taken over by the carriers that remain in service. When the traffic increases to a certain degree, the carriers that are blocked can be unblocked again automatically to provide services.

BenefitsWhen there is light traffic in an area that is covered by multiple carriers, some of the carriers can be blocked, and all services can be taken over by the carriers that remain in service. This can help reduce the power consumption of the eNodeB without any impact on the service quality.

DescriptionWhen multiple carriers provide coverage for the same area, the traffic of the area varies by time. In some certain periods, for example from the midnight to the early morning (the periods can be preset by the operator), the traffic is light. When the eNodeB detects the light traffic, it triggers UEs to perform migration to some of the carriers and then blocks the carriers without any load. In this way, the power consumption is reduced. When the traffic increases or the preset periods end, the eNodeB can automatically switch on the carriers that are unblocked to recover the functionality of the carriers. In this way, the system capacity is increased without any impact on the service quality.

EnhancementNone

Dependency OSS


OthersThis feature should not work to a cell simultaneously with feature LOFD-001074 Intelligent Power-Off of Carrier in the Same Coverage of UMTS Network.



58


3.3.6 LOFD-001056 PSU Intelligent Sleep ModeAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThis feature introduces the function of PSU (Power Supply Unit) intelligent Sleep Mode. With this feature, certain PSUs can be powered on or off according to the power consumption of the eNodeB, thus reducing the power consumption.

BenefitsWhen the traffic is light, the eNodeB can power off certain PSUs to reduce the power consumption. In the following scenario, 3 PSUs in 1 eNodeB and low traffic, turning on this feature could help to save 4% to %5 power consumption.

DescriptionIf an eNodeB with AC input is configured with HUAWEI PSUs (converting AC into DC) and HUAWEI PMU, the function of PSU intelligent Sleep Mode can be used. The number of configured PSUs depends on the maximum power consumption of the eNodeB. The purpose is to ensure that the eNodeB operates properly even at the maximum load. In most cases, the eNodeB does not operate at full load, and thus the PSUs do not operate at full power. Generally, the PSU conversion efficiency is proportional to its output power. In other words, the decrease in the conversion efficiency increases the overall power consumption of the eNodeB.

When the eNodeB is powered by multiple PSUs, the PSU intelligent shutdown function enables shutting down one or several PSUs according to the actual load and the power supply need. In this way, the remaining PSUs work in full load mode, thus ensuring their best level of efficiency.

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

The eNodeB with AC input must be configured with HUAWEI PSUs (converting AC into DC) and HUAWEI PMU.

3.3.7 LOFD-001070 Symbol Power SavingAvailability

This feature is



59



SummaryThis feature introduces the function of symbol power saving. The eNodeB can shut down the PAs (Power Amplifier) when a symbol is empty. MBSFN (Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network) sub-frame could be used to reduce the reference signal further so that more empty symbols are available for PA to shut down longer.

BenefitsWhen the traffic is light, the eNodeB can shut down the PAs when symbol is empty to save the static power consumption of the PA. The power consumption of the eNodeB is reduced.

DescriptionPAs consume the most power in eNodeB. Even when there is no signal output, the PA has static power consumption. If PA could be power on and off quickly, the system could utilize this function to implement symbol power saving.

The eNodeB can shut down the PAs when symbol is empty to save the static power consumption of the PA. In order to guarantee the integrity of data, the system needs to control the time of PA's switching on and off.

For example: when there is no active user in the cell, in some sub-frames only RS (Reference Signal) signal is transmitted, PA can be powered off in the OFDM symbols when there is no RS.

And if the cell is not using eMBMS service, the eNodeB can configure some of the empty sub-frames into MBSFN sub-frames for further power saving. When one sub-frame is configured as MBSFN sub-frame, only the first RS need to be transmitted in the air interface. The rest symbols in the sub-frame could be set to empty so that the PA could be powered off.

Figure 1-1 Symbol power saving (Normal CP)



60


Figure 1-2 Symbol power saving with MBSFN subframe (extended CP)

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

This feature is only supported by the following LTE RF modules: LRFUe(800MHz), RRU3221(2600MHz), RRU3240(2600MHz) and multi-mode RF modules: mRFUd(1800MHz,900MHz),RRU3928(1800MHz,900MHz),RRU3929(1800MHz,900MHz),RRU3841(AWS) working on LTE-only configuration.

OthersMBSFN sub-frame configuration need that UE can identify and apply the serving/neighbor cell's MBSFN sub-frame configuration related.

3.3.8 LOFD-001071 Intelligent Battery ManagementAvailability

This feature is


SummaryWith this feature,

The battery management mode automatically changes depending on the selected grid type, which prolongs the battery lifespan.

The battery self-protection function is triggered under high temperature, which avoids the overuse of batteries and the consequent damages to the batteries.

The runtime of batteries is displayed after the mains supply is cut off. According to the runtime, users can take measures in advance to avoid service interruption due to power supply cutoff.



61


Benefits Prolonged battery lifespan Reduced operation costs Improved system stability

Description Automatic change of the battery management mode:

The PMU board records the number of times power supply is cut off and the duration of each cutoff. Then, the PMU board determines which grid type is chosen and correspondingly activates a specific power management mode. In grid types 1 and 2, batteries can enter the hibernation state in which batters do not charge or discharge, which helps prolong battery lifespan.

Table 1-1 Battery management modes

Power Supply Cutoff Duration Within 15 Days (Hours)

Grid Type Charge and Discharge Mode

Current Limitation Valve

Hibernation Voltage (V)

Hibernation Duration (Days)

Estimated Battery Lifespan Improvement Rate

≤ 5 1 Mode A 0.10 C 52 13 100%

5-30 2 Mode B 0.15 C 52 6 50%

30-120 3 Mode C 0.15 C N/A N/A 0%

≥120 4 Mode C 0.15 N/A N/A 0%

The function of the automatic change of the battery management mode is under license control. In addition, this function is disabled by default and you can enable it by running an MML command.

Self-protection under high temperature:

When batteries maintain a temperature exceeding the threshold for entering the floating charge state for 5 minutes, they enter the state and no alarms are generated.

When batteries maintain a temperature exceeding the threshold for the self-protection function for 5 minutes, they are automatically powered off or the voltage of batteries is automatically adjusted.

Display of the battery runtime:

After the mains supply is cut off, the base station works out the runtime of batteries based on the remaining power capacity, discharge current, and other data. This runtime can be queried by running an MML command.

To calculate the runtime of batteries, use the following formula:

Runtime of batteries = (Remaining power capacity x Total power capacity x Discharge efficiency)/(Mean discharge current x Aging coefficient)



62


EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

The APM30H (Ver. C), BTS3900AL, TP48600A, and batteries must be configured.

3.3.9 LOFD-001075 RRU PA Efficiency ImprovementAvailability

This feature is


SummaryThis feature monitors the eNodeB transmitting power, and dynamically adjusts PA working state when RRU transmitting power is low. Thereby it improves PA efficiency and saves eNodeB power consumption.

This is similar to feature LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption, but it is specific to the Blade RRU series which has utilized the new PA technologies. This feature provides more power saving and can also be used at narrow frequency bandwidth (1.4MHz, 3MHz and 5MHz).

BenefitsThis feature improves the efficiency of the PA and saves power consumption of the eNodeB.

DescriptionBy decreasing equipment power consumption, operator's operating cost is decreased. The lower power consumption also improves the reliability of equipment.

Blade RRU series utilized the latest PA technologies. When RRU transmitting power is low, this feature will dynamically adjust the bias voltage of RRU, to improve the PA efficiency of this kind of RRU.

PA Bias Voltage Dynamically AdjustmentIn the commercial network, eNodeB traffic load is keep changing; PA transmitting power is also changing with it. When PA transmitting power is high, PA efficiency is higher and a higher PA bias voltage is needed. When PA transmitting power is low, if PA bias voltage keeps high, the PA efficiency will be low.This feature keeps monitoring the eNodeB traffic load. Based on the real time traffic load, by decreasing the PA bias voltage PA efficiency is increased.

This feature is specific to the Blade RRU series. Comparing to LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption, this feature provides more power saving and can also be used at narrow frequency bandwidth (1.4MHz, 3MHz and 5MHz).



63


This feature cannot be used with LOFD-001025 Adaptive Power Consumption at same time. eNodeB will only enable this feature when the RRU type is Blade RRU series.

EnhancementNone

Dependency eNodeB

This feature is only supported by following RF module: RRU3268(2600MHz), RRU3838

3.4 Antenna Management3.4.1 LOFD-001024 Remote Electrical Tilt ControlAvailability

This feature is


SummaryRemote Electrical Tilt Control improves the efficiency and minimizes the OM cost for adjusting the down tilt of the antenna. Huawei LTE RET solution complies with the AISG2.0 specification, and it is backward compatible with AISG1.1.

BenefitsThe application of the RET prominently improves the efficiency and minimizes the OM cost for adjusting the down tilt of the antenna. The application of the RET brings the following benefits:

The RET antennas at multiple sites can be adjusted remotely within a short period. This improves the efficiency and reduces the cost of network optimization.

Adjustment of the RET antenna can be performed in all weather conditions. The RET antennas can be deployed on some sites that are difficult to access. RET downtilt adjustment can keep the coverage pattern undistorted, therefore

strengthening the antenna signal and reducing neighboring cell interference.

DescriptionThe Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) refers to an antenna system whose down tilt is controlled electrically and remotely.

After an antenna is installed, the down tilt of the antenna needs to be adjusted to optimize the network. In this situation, the phases of signals that reach the elements of the array antenna



64


can be adjusted under the electrical control. Then, the vertical pattern of the antenna can be changed.

The phase shifter inside the antenna can be adjusted through the step motor outside the antenna. The down tilt of the RET antenna can be adjusted when the system is powered on, and the down tilt can be monitored in real time. Thus, the remote precise adjustment of the down tilt of the antenna can be achieved.

Huawei LTE RET solution complies with the AISG2.0 specification, and it is compatible with AISG1.1.

EnhancementNone

DependencyNone



65




66

eLTE2.3eLTE2.3 DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description 4 Acronyms and Abbreviations

4 Acronyms and Abbreviations

Table 1-1 Acronyms and Abbreviations



67


3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project

ABS Almost-blank subframe

ACK acknowledgment

ACL Access Control List

AES Advanced Encryption Standard

AFC Automatic Frequency Control

AH Authentication Header

AMBR Aggregate Maximum Bit Rate

AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding

AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate

ANR Automatic Neighboring Relation

ARP Allocation/Retention Priority

ARQ Automatic Repeat Request

BCH Broadcast Channel

BCCH Broadcast Control Channel

BITS Building Integrated Timing Supply System

BLER Block Error Rate

CA Carrier aggregation

C/I Carrier-to-Interference Power Ratio

CCCH Common Control Channel

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CEU Cell Edge Users

CGI Cell Global Identification

CP Cyclic Prefix

CPICH Common Pilot Channel

CQI Channel Quality Indicator

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

CRS Cell-specific reference signal

CSI-RS Channel state information reference signal

DCCH Dedicated Control Channel

DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol



68




69


DiffServ Differentiated Services

DL-SCH Downlink Shared Channel

DRB Data Radio Bearer

DRX Discontinuous Reception

DSCP DiffServ Code Point

DTCH Dedicated Traffic Channel

ECM EPS Control Management

eCSFB Enhanced CS Fallback

EDF Early Deadline First

EF Expedited Forwarding

eHRPD Evolved high rate packet data

eICIC Enhanced Inter-cell Interference Coordination

eMBMS evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multimedia System

EMM EPS Mobility Management

EMS Element Management System

eNodeB evolved NodeB

EPC Evolved Packet Core

EPS Evolved Packet System

ESP Encapsulation Security Payload

ETWS Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System

E-UTRA Evolved –Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

FCPSS Fault, Configuration, Performance, Security and Software Managements

FDD Frequency Division Duplex

FEC Forward Error Correction

FTP File Transfer Protocol

GBR Guaranteed Bit Rate



70


GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network

GPS Global Positioning System

HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request

HII High Interference Indicator

HMAC Hash Message Authentication Code

HMAC_MD5 HMAC Message Digest 5

HMAC_SHA HMAC Secure Hash Algorithm

HO Handover

HRPD High Rate Packet Data

ICIC Inter-cell Interference Coordination

IKEV Internet Key Exchange Version

IMS IP Multimedia Service

IP PM IP Performance Monitoring

IPsec IP Security

IRC Interference Rejection Combining

KPI Key Performance Indicator

CME Configuration Management Express

LMT Local Maintenance Terminal

MAC Medium Admission Control

MIB Master Information Block

MCH Multicast Channel

MCCH Multicast Control Channel

MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme

MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output

min_GBR Minimum Guaranteed Bit Rate

MME Mobility Management Entity

MML Man-Machine Language



71




72


MOS Mean Opinion Score

MRC Maximum-Ratio Combining

MTCH Multicast Traffic Channel

MU-MIMO Multiple User-MIMO

NACC Network Assisted Cell Changed

NACK Non acknowledgment

NAS Non-Access Stratum

NRT Neighboring Relation Table

OCXO Oven Controlled Crystal Oscillator

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OFDMA Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Access

OI Overload Indicator

OMC Operation and Maintenance Center

OOK On-Off-Keying

PBCH Physical Broadcast Channel

PCCH Paging Control Channel

PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator Channel

PCH Paging Channel

PCI Physical Cell Identity

PDB Packet Delay Budget

PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel

PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy

PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

PF Proportional Fair

PHB Per-Hop Behavior

PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel

PM Performance Measurement



73




74


PLMN Public Land Mobile Network

PMCH Physical Multicast Channel

PRACH Physical Random Access Channel

PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel

PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel

QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation

QCI QoS Class Identifier

QoS Quality of Service

QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying

RA Random Access

RACH Random Access Channel

RAM Random Access Memory

RAT Radio Access Technology

RB Resource Block

RCU Radio Control Unit

RET Remote Electrical Tilt

RF Radio Frequency

RLC Radio Link Control

RRC Radio Resource Control

RRM Radio Resource Management

RRU Remote Radio Unit

RS Reference Signal

RSRP Reference Signal Received Power

RSRQ Reference Signal Received Quality

RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicator

RTT Round Trip Time

RV Redundancy Version

Rx Receive

S1 interface between EPC and E-UTRAN



75




76


SBT Smart Bias Tee

SC-FDMA Single Carrier-Frequency Division Multiple Access

SCTP Stream Control Transmission Protocol

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SFBC Space Frequency Block Coding

SFP Small Form – factor Pluggable

SGW Serving Gateway

SIB System Information Block

SID Silence Indicator

SINR Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio

SRB Signaling Radio Bearer

SRS Sounding Reference Signal

SSL Security Socket Layer

STBC Space Time Block Coding

STMA Smart TMA

TAC Transport Admission Control

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TDD Time Division Duplex

TMA Tower Mounted Amplifier

TMF Traced Message Files

ToS Type of Service

TTI Transmission Time Interval

Tx Transmission

UE User Equipment

UL-SCH Uplink Shared Channel

USB Universal Serial Bus

U2000 Huawei OMC

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network



77


VoIP Voice over IP

WRR Weighted Round Robin

X2 interface among eNodeBs



78

Documents

DBS3900 LTE FDD Optional Feature Description YYY