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Date: 11th

August 2010

Our Ref: 15928/TR/00067 Your Ref: DIN UK WO 50

EDF For the attention of Rebecca Calder

Direct tel +44(0)1352 751 761 Direct fax +44(0)1352 751 451 Email: giles.bishop@amec.com

Dear Rebecca,

Subject: DUN UK WO 50

We are pleased to provide the document ‘Bridgwater Associated Development: Cultural Heritage Desk-Based Assessment’. The document is issued in BPE status.

The document has been uploaded to EDF Groupnet in PDF format to the zip file named ‘15928TR00067 Bridgwater Associated Development Cultural Heritage Desk-Based Assessment BPE 110810’, in the following location:

“Folders/WDE-UKE (UK EPR)/07a- SITE DEVELOPMENT HINKLEY POINT/7.4 Deliverables - Outputs/22- EIA/22.4 ES Preparation/22- Archeology & Cultural Heritage/ C- Technical Reports”

Yours sincerely, Giles Bishop Responsible Engineer cc: Jackie Palmer, Isabelle Ducher-Peron, Tom Evans AMEC – Sean Steadman, Jeremy Short, John Leggett, Hilary Drinkwater

B 11.08.

10 C Grindey S

Steadman BPE Final Issue A Punt

A 18.06.10

N Wright S Steadman

PREL

Preliminary for EDF Comment J Baker

Revision Date Prepared by Checked by Status Reasons for revision Approved by

EDF DIRECTION PRODUCTION

INGENIERIE

1st partner

2nd partner

UNIQUE REFERENCE NUMBER 15928/TR/00067 SUPPLIER WBS CODE

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BUILDING

SCALE LINE/SERIE/SITE Safety Classified N/A NUCL/REP/EPR/UKEPR/HP Yes No FORMAT A4

DOCUMENT TITLE : Bridgwater Associated Development: Cultural Heritage Desk-Based Assessment

DOCUMENT TYPE : DOCUMENT CLASSIFICATION CODE PAGE

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exemplary and is not allowed to extend the distribution without initiator authorization

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15928/TR/00067 Issue 02 August 2010

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UK EPR Hinkley Point C

Bridgwater As s oc ia ted Development: Cultura l Heritage Des k-Bas ed As s es s ment

Document Control System Fusion 4

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Document Issue Record (engineering documents)

Document Title Bridgwater Associated Development: Cultural Heritage Desk-Based Assessment

Project Reference UKEPR 15928/TR/00067

Purpose of Issue Customer review

Security Classification EDF access

Issue Description of Amendment Author(s) / Originator

Checker Approver Date

01 - Prel Preliminary to EDF for comment (PREL) N Wright S

Steadman J Baker 18/06/10

02 - BPE Final Issue C Grindey S Steadman

A Punt 11/08/10

Numbers of pages Introductory 6 Text 25 Appendices 4

Number of Tables 0 Number of Figures 2

© AMEC Nuclear UK Limited 2010

This report was prepared exclusively for EDF by AMEC Nuclear UK Limited (AMEC). The quality of information, conclusions and estimates contained herein is consistent with the level of effort involved in AMEC’s services and based on:

i) information available at the time of preparation, ii) data supplied by outside sources and iii) the assumptions, conditions and qualifications set forth in this report.

This report is intended to be used by EDF only, subject to the terms and conditions of its contract with AMEC. Any other use of, or reliance on, this report by any third party is at that party’s sole risk.

Previous issues will be destroyed or marked ‘SUPERSEDED’.

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Contents

Abbreviations and Acronyms v

Executive Summary vi

1 Introduction 11.1 Background 1

2 Methodology 22.1 Aim 22.2 Objectives 22.3 National Monuments Record 22.4 Somerset Historic Environment Record 32.5 Portable Antiquities Scheme 32.6 Historic maps 32.7 Aerial photographs 32.8 Documentary sources 32.9 Field Reconnaissance Survey 32.10 Limitations and assumptions 4

3 Legislation, policy and guidance 53.1 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979 53.2 Town and Country Planning Act 1990 53.3 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 53.4 Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment (2010) 63.5 Hedgerows Regulations 1997 63.6 Ancient Woodlands 63.7 Register of Parks and Gardens 73.8 English Heritage Register of Historic Battlefields in England 73.9 Regional and local policies 7

4 Topography, geology and land-use 8

5 Archaeological and historical background 95.1 Lower Palaeolithic (pre 30,000 BC), Upper Palaeolithic (30,000-10,000 BC) and Mesolithic (10,000 – 3,500 BC) 95.2 Neolithic (3,500 BC - 2,000 BC) and Bronze Age (2,000 BC - 700 BC) 95.3 Iron Age (700 BC - AD 43) and Roman (AD 43 - AD 450) 95.4 Early-medieval (AD 450 - AD 1066) 105.5 Medieval (AD 1066 - AD 1540) 105.6 Post-medieval (AD 1540 - AD 1899) 115.7 Modern (AD 1900 onwards) 135.8 Undated 135.9 Previous Archaeological Investigations 14

6 Built heritage 166.1 Grade II* Listed. 166.2 Grade II Listed. 166.3 Unlisted Buildings 17

7 Historic landscape 197.1 Site option BRI-A 197.2 Site option BRI-C 20

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8 Assessment of impacts 218.1 Impact of previous development 218.2 Impact of the proposed development 218.3 Survival of archaeology 218.4 Archaeological potential 22

9 Conclusions and recommendations 249.1 Recommendations for Further Studies 24

10 References 25Appendix A Cultural heritage gazetteer Appendix B Previous investigations gazetteer Appendix C Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) codes Appendix D Maps

Plates

Plate 1: Aerial photograph of Horsey DMV (10), Scheduled Monument, looking north-west (SCC 1978). 10

Plate 2: Church of St John the Baptist (21), a Grade II* Listed Building (©SCC 1976) 16 Plate 3: Sydenham Manor House (19, 40), a Grade II Listed Building (©SCC) 17 Plate 4: Earthworks north of site BRI-A looking south-west 20

Figures in Appendix D

Figure 2: Historical Landscape Characterisation (HLC) Map Figure 1: Archaeological Site Location Map

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Abbreviations and Acronyms

AD Anno Domini

AOD Above Ordnance Datum

BGS British Geological Survey

BC Before Christ

BP Before Present (AD 1950)

DBA Desk-based assessment

DMV Deserted medieval village

FRS Field reconnaissance survey

FLO Finds Liaison Officer

HER Historic Environment Record

HES Historic Environment Service

HLC Historic Landscape Characterisation

IfA Institute for Archaeologists

LDF Local Development Framework

NGR Nation Grid Reference

NMR National Monuments Record

OS Ordnance Survey

PAS Portable Antiquities Scheme

PPG Planning Policy Guidance

PPS Planning Policy Statement

RAF Royal Air Force

SCC Somerset County Council

SM Scheduled Monument

WWII World War Two

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Executive Summary

In September 2009 AMEC was commissioned on behalf of EDF to carry out a Cultural Heritage Desk-Based Assessment (DBA) on land at Bridgwater (BRI), Somerset.

There are two proposed development sites – BRI-A and BRI-C - within a larger study area. Both of the site options are under consideration for the location of low-density accommodation blocks and associated landscaping. Initial assessments encompassed a wider area that covered the discounted BRI-B and BRI-D sites.

The DBA has identified 100 known cultural heritage sites located within the study area.

The site BRI-A is occupied by industrial buildings of the British Cellophane Factory (63), which is in the process of being partially demolished. This is the only recorded heritage asset within BRI-A’s site boundary.

To the north just outside the site boundary of BRI-A is the Grade II Listed Sydenham Manor House (19).

Earthworks representing the Scheduled Horsey Deserted Medieval Village (10) are situated a kilometre north-east of BRI-A on the far side of the M5.

One recorded heritage asset lies within BRI-C consisting of Post-medieval clay extraction pits (36) that no longer survive and are now occupied by the rugby club. The site is bounded to the west by the current Bristol and Exeter Railway line (48) and to the north by the A39 Bath Road, which is the line of a former Post-medieval turnpike road (61).

There are no Conservation Areas, Important Hedgerows, ancient woodlands, Registered Parks and Gardens or Registered Battlefields within the study area.

The report concludes that due to the high level of modern redevelopment at BRI-A there is a low possibility for any archaeology to survive, while Post-medieval clay extraction has removed all archaeological potential at BRI-C. The proposed developments may affect the setting of the Scheduled Monument and Listed Buildings outside of the site boundary, but the effects are likely to be minor due to the existing industrial and urban nature of the sites.

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1 Introduction

1.1 Background

In November 2009 EDF Energy (EDF) commissioned AMEC to carry out a detailed cultural heritage Desk-Based Assessments (DBA) for land at Bridgwater in the Sedgemoor District of Somerset.

There are two proposed development sites; BRI-A, encompassing 12.9 hectares (ha) (NGR ST 31000 38000), and BRI-C, encompassing 1.6 ha (NGR ST 31000 37600). Both sites are located in the north-east of Bridgwater. The sites are being considered as potential locations for low-density accommodation blocks and associated landscaping as part of the off-site Associated Development for the proposed Hinkley Point C nuclear power station.

The precise location of the accommodation blocks and other facilities within the site boundaries has not been finalised at present.

The methodology adopted for the DBA is presented in Section 2, the relevant legislation, policy and guidance is provided in Section 3 and the topography, geology and land-use in Section 4. The known cultural heritage baseline is presented in Section 5 and the built heritage and historic landscape are discussed in Sections 6 and 7 respectively. An assessment of potential impacts is presented in Section 8 and the conclusions and recommendations for further study are provided in Section 9.

All known sites, features and find spots are included in the Cultural Heritage gazetteer (Appendix A) and are shown on the archaeological site location map (Figure 1), in Appendix D.

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2 Methodology

This assessment has been undertaken in accordance with guidelines set out by the Institute for Archaeologists (IfA), formerly the Institute of Field Archaeologists, Standards and Guidance for DBAs (IfA 2008)1

There are two proposed development sites – BRI-A and BRI-C - within the larger study area. Both of the site options are under consideration for the location of low-density accommodation blocks and associated landscaping. Initial assessments encompassed a wider area, including the discounted BRI-B and BRI-D sites and two distinct, northern, and southern study areas.

.

Searches of the Somerset Historic Environment Record (HER), the National Monuments Record (NMR) and targeted site visits produced a total of 100 known or suspected sites within the study area.

Each of the cultural heritage sites was given a unique number and included within a Cultural Heritage Gazetteer (Appendix A). Duplicated records that clearly relate to the same site have been amalgamated in order to avoid confusion.

2.1 Aim

The aim of this DBA is to identify the cultural heritage resource within the sites and the surrounding study area.

2.2 Objectives

The objectives of the DBA are to:

• identify all recorded and designated archaeological sites, find spots and areas of archaeological interest within the study area;

• identify and describe designated and undesignated built heritage assets within the study area;

• identify and describe historic landscape features within the study area;

• assess the potential for previously unrecorded archaeological remains within the site boundary; and

• assess the potential impacts of the proposed works on known or suspected cultural heritage assets within the study area.

2.3 National Monuments Record

The NMR is maintained by English Heritage. The record was used to identify the locations of any Listed Buildings, Scheduled Monuments, Registered Parks and Gardens, Battlefields and World Heritage Sites that may be present within the study area.

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The NMR provided a list of all Listed Buildings and information on additional sites electronically to AMEC on 2nd

2.4 Somerset Historic Environment Record

December 2009.

A search was carried out of the Somerset HER on behalf of AMEC on 1st

Information from the Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) was also gathered from Somerset’s HER. The HLC programme provides a framework for broadening our understanding of the whole landscape. These results are discussed in Section 7.

December 2009. The data from the HER was supplied to AMEC in digital format via email.

2.5 Portable Antiquities Scheme

The Portable Antiquities Scheme (PAS) is a voluntary scheme where archaeological objects found in England and Wales by members of the public can be recorded.

The Finds Liaison Officer (FLO) for Somerset was contacted in order to search the database for objects found within the study area. However, no response was received in time to include any relevant PAS data in this assessment.

2.6 Historic maps

A review of available historic maps was undertaken to establish past land-use and to identify potential features (e.g. roads, buildings) that may form part of the cultural heritage resource for the site.

2.7 Aerial photographs

Information from aerial photographs was gathered from the Somerset Studies Library; these include vertical photographs from runs taken in 1947, 1971 and 1981.

2.8 Documentary sources

The Somerset Records Office and Somerset Studies Library in Taunton were visited during the course of this assessment. Documentary sources, such as the Victoria County History Volume 6, were consulted in order to gain information on the archaeology and history of the study area.

2.9 Field Reconnaissance Survey

In December 2009 AMEC archaeologists conducted an archaeological field reconnaissance survey (FRS) of the site. These surveys were undertaken to identify previously unidentified cultural heritage assets (e.g. earthworks, standing remains); to identify features or issues that may influence further archaeological investigation; and also to identify areas of previous disturbance that should be excluded from further archaeological investigation.

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2.10 Limitations and assumptions

The data in the records supplied by the NMR and Somerset HER are drawn from a variety of sources which have variable precision and accuracy. Some records are based on recent professional archaeological investigations which adhere to IfA standards, while others are based on older records or are reliant on members of the public whose precision of recording has not been assessed. This is particularly noticeable in the case of find spots where the location has been recorded only with a six figure grid reference; therefore the precise location cannot be determined.

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3 Legislation, policy and guidance

This section provides a summary of relevant legislation, policy and guidance regarding development in relation to archaeology and cultural heritage.

Relevant parts of the legislation for the protection of Scheduled Monuments, Conservation Areas and Listed Buildings are discussed. The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 and Planning Policy Statement 5 are also outlined as they should be considered best practice for addressing the archaeological and historic environment resource in relation to development.

3.1 Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act 1979

Under the terms of this act an archaeological site or historic building of national importance can be designated as a Scheduled Monument (SM) and is registered with the Department of Culture, Media and Sport.

Any development that might affect either the SM or its setting is subject to the granting of Scheduled Monument Consent. English Heritage advises the government on individual cases for consent and offers advice on the management of Scheduled Monuments.

There is one Scheduled Monument within the study areas. Horsey Deserted Medieval Village (10) is situated to the north-east of site option BRI-A. There are no Scheduled Monuments within any of the site boundaries.

3.2 Town and Country Planning Act 1990

The Town and Country Planning Act 1990 provides the basis of planning policy in this country. The Act details the whole process of planning permission and provisions that are made for the protection of archaeology and cultural heritage (following guidance set out in PPS 5).

3.3 Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990

This act covers the registration of Listed Buildings which are those buildings that are seen to have a special architectural, historical or cultural significance and Conservation Areas, which are areas worthy of conservation or enhancement due to their special architectural or historical interest.

A Listed Building may not be demolished, extended or altered without Listed Building Consent being granted by the local planning authority. There are three grades of listing (in descending order):

• Grade I: buildings of exceptional interest;

• Grade II*: particularly important buildings of special interest; and

• Grade II: buildings of special interest.

There are 12 Listed Buildings within the study area. Two of these are Grade II* Listed (21, 22) and are located within the study area. The remaining Listed

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Buildings are Grade II (11-20). One of the Listed Buildings, Sydenham Manor House (19) is located on the site boundary of BRI-A.

There are no Conservation Areas within the study area.

3.4 Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning for the Historic Environment (2010)

Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5) published in March 2010 primarily sets out the Government’s planning policies on the conservation of the historic environment. PPS5 is supported by a Practice Guide (PPS5 Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide) which is endorsed by Communities and Local Government, the Department of Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) and English Heritage.

PPS5 replaces Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) 15: Planning and the Historic Environment and Planning Policy Guidance (PPG) 16: Archaeology and Planning).

Chapter 3. Heritage Assets and Significance (Paragraph 20) of the PPS5 Planning for the Historic Environment: Historic Environment Planning Practice Guide specifies that there are no changes to the existing legal framework for the designation of Scheduled Monuments, Listed Buildings, Conservation Areas, Registered Parks and Gardens or protected wrecks.

The existing law also sets out the basis on which scheduled monument consent, listed building consent, conservation area consent or licences to deal with protected wrecks may be required. Nothing in PPS5 changes those requirements, or the interpretation of the phrases and words used. PPS5 covers the planning decisions which concern scheduled monuments and does not cover scheduled monument consent.

3.5 Hedgerows Regulations 1997

‘Important’ hedgerows as defined by The Hedgerows Regulations 1997 enjoy statutory protection.

There are no hedgerows on the site that fulfil the criteria for “important” hedgerows.

3.6 Ancient Woodlands

Ancient woodlands consist of land that has been continuously wooded since AD 1600 in England. Areas of ancient woodland can be protected as nationally important Sites of Special Scientific Interest, Special Areas of Conservation or as Wildlife Sites recognised at a local level.

There are no ancient woodlands within the study area.

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3.7 Register of Parks and Gardens

The Register of Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England is maintained by English Heritage and divides the sites into three grade bands similar to that used for listed buildings.

There are no Registered Parks and Gardens within the study area.

3.8 English Heritage Register of Historic Battlefields in England

The English Heritage Register of Historic Battlefields in England presently identifies 43 important English battlefields. Its purpose is to offer them protection and to promote a better understanding of their significance, but it does not offer any statutory protection.

There are no Registered Battlefields within the study area.

3.9 Regional and local policies

Policies relating to the appropriate treatment of archaeology and heritage are included within the following planning documents:

• Regional Spatial Strategy for the South West (incorporating Somerset). Relevant policy proposals include: ENV1 Protecting and Enhancing the Region’s Natural and Historic Environment and ENV5 Historic Environment.

• Somerset and Exmoor National Park Joint Structure Plan 1991-2016 revised and reissued in 2004 as an Alteration in order to extend the life of the Plan until 2016. The relevant policies include: Policy 10 Historic Landscapes; Policy 11 Areas of High Archaeological Potential; Policy 12 Nationally Important Archaeological Remains; and Policy 13 Locally Important Archaeological Remains.

• Sedgemoor District Council Local Development Framework is made up of a number of documents that have not yet been fully implemented. The Core Strategy will be the key strategic document of the Sedgemoor Local Development Framework (LDF) and will set out Sedgemoor's vision and spatial strategy for meeting known and anticipated development requirements up to 2026.

• Sedgemoor District Local Plan covers the period 1991-2011. The relevant policies include: Policy CNE 12; Policy HE 9; Policy HE10; Policy HE 11; Policy HE 12; and Policy HE 13.

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4 Topography, geology and land-use

The site and study area lie in Bridgwater in the Sedgemoor District in the County of Somerset. Bridgwater is a nucleated, semi-industrial settlement, spanning low-lying land either side of the meandering River Parrett. The topography reflects the wider floodplain comprising elevations of approximately 7 m AOD (above Ordnance Datum).

The geological map for the area indicates that the sites are entirely underlain by drift deposits consisting of Alluvium. The Alluvium has accumulated over deposits of the Mercia Mudstone Group. The Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group generally comprises grey and green mudstones (Tea Green Marl) and siltstones above reddish brown mudstones (Keuper Marl) (BGS 1984)2

BRI-A is the location of a disused cellophane factory, while BRI-C is used as a sports field. The town is by-passed by the M5 Motorway to the east of the proposal sites.

.

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5 Archaeological and historical background

A total of 100 cultural heritage sites were identified within the study area from the Somerset HER, NMR and FRS. Each site has been assigned a unique AMEC number, referred to in the text in bold and listed in the Cultural Heritage Gazetteer (Appendix A) and shown on the Archaeological Site Location Map (Figure 1) in Appendix D. Any duplicated records clearly relating to the same site have been amalgamated in order to avoid confusion.

The results of previous archaeological investigations that have been carried out within the study area are discussed in Section 5.10 and incorporated into the relevant sections below by period. A gazetteer of these investigations can be found in Appendix B.

The periods and dates in this section largely follow the terminology included in the Transport Assessment Guidance Unit 3.3.9 The Heritage of Historic Resources (WebTag 2003, Table 2)3

5.1 Lower Palaeolithic (pre 30,000 BC), Upper Palaeolithic (30,000-10,000 BC) and Mesolithic (10,000 – 3,500 BC)

.

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during the Lower Paleolithic, Upper Paleolithic or Mesolithic periods.

5.2 Neolithic (3,500 BC - 2,000 BC) and Bronze Age (2,000 BC - 700 BC)

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during either the Neolithic or Bronze Age periods.

5.3 Iron Age (700 BC - AD 43) and Roman (AD 43 - AD 450)

The Iron Age was a period of great change, most of which is thought to have been the result of the increasing trade and other contact between Britain and the Roman world. Generally harvests improved with the use of new varieties of barley and wheat, and the increased farming of peas, beans, flax and other crops. Groups lived in relatively varied types of settlements, such as hillforts, and open and enclosed settlements.

The Romans introduced a range of innovations and changes in culture, that are far more visible in the archaeological record than for those periods immediately preceding and succeeding it. There was a greater variety of pottery, coins and metal goods, as well as new building materials on those sites that embraced Romanisation.

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during the Iron Age.

The only evidence for the Roman period comes from the chance find of a Roman coin in allotments (1), approximately 380 m east of site option BRI-C.

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5.4 Early-medieval (AD 450 - AD 1066)

Following the end of Roman rule in the early 5th century it has been suggested that there was often continuity in the occupation of rural settlements in the South West of Britain from the Roman period through to the 6th and 7th centuries (Rippon 2006, 62)4

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during this time.

.

5.5 Medieval (AD 1066 - AD 1540)

Many of the archaeological sites visible in the modern landscape are associated with medieval settlement and land use. Open-field farming and nucleated villages had become the norm over much of the region. Many medieval villages and farmsteads are thought to have been located on or near to sites of much earlier prehistoric occupation and settlement.

The rural landscape and agricultural systems of the South West of England were probably already established by the 11th century and continued in use throughout the medieval period (Rippon and Croft 2008)5

Ten medieval sites have been recorded within the study areas.

.

A Deserted Medieval Village (DMV) is recorded at Manor Farm, Horsey (10). It is designated a Scheduled Monument and is therefore protected. DMVs are villages which were totally deserted during the medieval/Post-medieval periods, possibly due to economics, the Black Death or climate change (Adkins, 1998)6

Horsey DMV (10) is located on ground raised on the western edge of the Somerset Levels and consists of earthworks that represent the foundations of the buildings that once stood there (Plate 1). The site is situated approximately 1 km east of site BRI-A, on the opposite side of the M5 motorway. Associated with Horsey DMV, and situated within the Scheduled area, is the site of a possible 13

.

th

Plate 1: Aerial photograph of Horsey DMV (10), Scheduled Monument, looking north-west (SCC 1978).

century chapel (6), where shallow foundations and medieval tiles were found during excavations in 1903.

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Approximately 1 km east of site BRI-A, on the opposite side of the M5 motorway, is the site of a windmill mound (2). The mound, originally measuring c. 28 m in diameter, was excavated in 1907. A black oak mortised beam was uncovered, together with a cross beam and two uprights. Further investigations in 1971, in advance of construction of the M5 motorway, showed it to be surrounded by a broad and shallow ditch, and to be the base of an early 15th

Two find spots have been recorded within the study area. Medieval pottery (3) has been found on the site of former clay pits 500 m north-east of site BRI-A. The clay pits are most likely represented by the ponds, now visible on modern mapping. In advance of construction of the M5 motorway, a possible surface and wall foundation trench of an 18th century cottage were recorded (4). These post-dated and overlay a hard clay surface, which contained 14

century post-mill. Uniquely, the mound covered and contained most of the mill timber structure. Sherds of a jug with an external green glaze and brushed cream slip decoration were found on the old ground surface adjacent to the cross trees. Glazed and unglazed pottery was found in the body of the mound and just beneath the turf. No other buildings were located. No trace remains of the mound.

th

The walls and a fireplace belonging to St John the Baptist’s Augustinian Hospital (5) were recorded during construction of a shed (1972) to the rear of 6-8 St John Street. The hospital was founded in 1213 and dissolved in 1539. It is believed to be located near the east gate of the medieval walled town of Bridgwater. The site is recorded approximately 800 m south west of site BRI-C.

century pottery. This site is situated on the opposite side of the motorway, c. 600 m east of site option BRI-A.

Medieval flood defences (8) have been recorded in the study area. These are visible as earthworks and are situated immediately south of the King Sedgemoor Drain at Dunball. They are associated with the nearby River Parrett and are situated approximately 2 km north of site BRI-A.

Ridge and furrow earthworks are recorded within the northern study area (11), c. 220 m west of site BRI-A. Ridge and furrow is a particular type of earthwork created by ploughing techniques that produced an almost corrugated effect across the landscape. Some examples can be traced to the 10th century or possibly earlier and continued in use through to the Post-medieval period. During the 20th and 21st

5.6 Post-medieval (AD 1540 - AD 1899)

centuries, ridge and furrow has been increasingly destroyed by modern ploughing regimes.

The landscape of the region would have changed during the Post-medieval period as a result of enclosure of the open fields. Increased improvement of the land and transport systems led to the intensification of both agriculture and industry in the region.

The majority of sites recorded in the study area are of Post-medieval date. Fourteen of these relate to standing buildings (12 Listed Buildings) and are discussed in Section 6 Built Heritage.

The sites of a four former brick works (23-26) have been recorded within the northern study area, but are located away from the sites.

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Canals were an important form of communication in the Post-medieval period. The Construction of the Bridgwater and Taunton Canal (27) began in 1822, with the Taunton to Huntworth section being opened in 1827. In 1837 the canal extended north through Bridgwater, where it joined with the dock of the River Parrett.

At present, the canal (27) runs north by south through both study areas. Within the study area, the canal is situated at least 490 m away from the sites (BRI-A and BRI-C).

Post-medieval clay extraction pits (36) are recorded in the area now occupied by the rugby club, within site BRI-C. No traces were visible during the site visit.

The site of a former iron and brass foundry (38) is recorded approximately 150 m west of BRI-C. No traces were recorded during the site visit.

Three mile posts/stones, which are visible on the OS second edition map (c. 1904), are recorded within the northern study area. A mile stone (42) is recorded on the opposite side of Bath Road from site BRI-A. It was not visible during the field visit. The other mile post-stones (43, 44) are located a substantial distance from any of the site options.

Eastover Cemetery and mortuary chapels (45) are situated approximately 150 m west of BRI-C. This is visible on the OS second edition map (c. 1904) and the cemetery has now been extended to the north.

The Bristol and Exeter Railway (48) runs north to south through the study area. It was engineered by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, with work beginning after 1836, from both ends. The line reached Bridgwater in 1841 and Taunton a year later. The line was completed to Exeter in 1844 and is still in use. The railway forms the western boundary of sites BRI-A and BRI-C.

The former line of the Bridgwater Branch Railway (47) runs east by west through the northern part of the study area and north of site BRI-A. The line opened in 1890 between Bridgwater and Edington Burtle, on the Burnham to Glastonbury section of the Dorset and Somerset Junction Railway. The line closed fully in 1954.

There are three recorded turnpike (toll) roads within the northern study area. The East Brent to Thurloxton road (60) was turnpiked in 1730. It is currently the A38 Bristol Road, which runs north to south along the western side of the study area.

The Nether Stowey to Ashcott road (61) was turnpiked in 1730. It runs north-east to south-west through the study area and is the current A39 Bath Road. The road borders site BRI-A.

The remaining Post-medieval sites are situated away from the site options and include; cannon (28), cement works (29), chapel (30), Roman Catholic church and burial ground (31, 32), Civil War defences (35), collar factory (37), joinery works (39), Methodist chapel (41), pits (36), railway (49), railway stations (50, 51), ship wrecks (53-56), tile works (57), tramway (59).

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5.7 Modern (AD 1900 onwards)

The British Cellophane Works (63) is present within the northern study area and is discussed further in Section 6.

Twenty seven modern sites date to the Second World War (WWII). Seven of these sites (67, 73, 83-88) were recorded during the Defence of Britain Project, which recorded almost 20,000 20th

Fifteen of the WWII sites are pill boxes (73-88), the majority of these are believed to survive in good condition.

century military sites in the UK (Council for British Archaeology).

Three of these pill boxes (80, 86, 88) are, or were, sited along the banks of the River Parrett. Seven pill boxes (74, 76 - 79, 81, 82) are situated in the vicinity of the Bristol and Exeter Railway (54).

A Type 24 pill box (77) is located close to the southern end of site option BRI-C. It is shown on aerial photos of 1946 and 1965, but was not visible during the site visit.

An anti-tank ditch (69) is recorded on approximately 100 m from the eastern boundary of site BRI-C.

The section of M5 Motorway between Junctions 23 and 24 (99) passes through the northern study area, forming the eastern boundary of site BRI-A. It was opened in December 1973 (UK Motorway Archive, accessed on 20/10/2009)7

A large outdoor sculpture of a willow man, by Serena de la Hey, is situated in a field approx. 1 km from the boundary of site option BRI-A (100). It stands 12 m tall and is made of willow withies on a steel frame. It was commissioned by South West Arts, for the Year of the Artist 2000, and was unveiled in September 2000. It marks the millennium and celebrates the role of willow in the ecology and craft tradition of the Somerset Levels.

.

5.8 Undated

Seven undated sites (92-98) have been recorded within the study area.

There are cropmarks showing possible field boundaries and a curved trackway (94, 96) recorded on the opposite side of the railway from site BRI-A. They have been interpreted from aerial photos.

Ditches (95) have been recorded on either side of the M5 motorway, south of Board’s Farm. A section through this area has suggested the presence of a north-east to south-west flood bank or raised causeway, which was not indicated in the pasture land above. Glazed, reddish 16th -17th

The tidal River Parrett (97) runs north to south through the study area.

century pottery was found in the bank. They are recorded extending into site option BRI-A. However, no earthworks were visible during the site visit.

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Between sites BRI-A and BRI-C is the former site of a large, undated mound (98). It was likely a Post-medieval post-mill. It was bulldozed prior to 1964 and the site is now a housing estate.

5.9 Previous Archaeological Investigations

At least 13 archaeological investigations have been recorded within the study areas.

In 1903, archaeological excavations were carried out within Horsey Deserted Medieval Village (10), where the shallow foundations and roof tiles of a possible medieval chapel (6) were recorded.

North-east of Hunter's Lodge, an archaeological excavation was carried out on the site of a medieval windmill mound (2). During the 1907 excavation wooden beams and medieval pottery were found. Further excavations in 1971, by the M5 Research Committee, revealed further archaeological evidence. No trace of the mound remains.

In 1971 an excavation was carried out on behalf of the M5 Research Committee at Board’s Farm, Horsey. A possible medieval building was recorded (4). A subsequent watching brief revealed evidence for a Post-medieval causeway and 18th century cottage.

The Defence of Britain Project was carried out between 1995 and 2001. The purpose of the Project was to record the 20th century militarised landscape of the United Kingdom and almost 20,000 20th

In 2003, a DBA was carried out in advance of redevelopment at Boards Road Maintenance Yard which identified low archaeological potential in this area.

century military sites in the UK were recorded. Eight of the WWII defences present within the study areas were recorded during this survey (67, 73, 83-88).

In 2003 an archaeological evaluation was carried out on land to the rear of 31-33 St Johns Street, Bridgwater. The work was carried out by Bath Archaeological Trust, who recorded cuts/pits with deposits of Post-medieval material (46).

An archaeological DBA (2003) was carried out at Poole B East Quay Bus Depot and Food Store, Bridgwater. The study identified an undated rectangular cropmark (92).

A 2003 evaluation at Horsey Lane, Bridgwater recorded no archaeological features.

In 2004 an evaluation revealed Post-medieval burials and the foundations of the former Roman Catholic Church of St Joseph of Arimathea (31, 32).

A geoarchaeological assessment was carried out at Sydenham, Bridgwater in 2007. The results have yet to be published and no further information is available.

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6 Oxford Archaeology have undertaken a programme of trial trenching to the north of site BRI-A (Steve Membery pers. comm.). The results of this evaluation have yet to be published and no further information is available.

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Built heritage

There are 12 Listed Buildings within the study area that are protected under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990. All have their origins in the Post-medieval period. The majority of these Listed Buildings are concentrated within the historic urban centre of Bridgwater (12 - 18, 20 - 21).

6.1 Grade II* Listed.

Church of St John the Baptist (21) was constructed in 1843, in the Early English Style, by John Brown (Plate 2). It is of ashlar construction with a slate roof. It has six bays to the nave, which is without aisles, a narrow three bay chancel and hexagonal vestry. It is situated approximately 600 m south-west of site BRI-C.

Plate 2: Church of St John the Baptist (21), a Grade II* Listed Building (©SCC 1976)

Bridgwater Railway Station (22) was built in 1841 by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, for Great Western Railway. It is Grade II* Listed and consists of two rectangular buildings in classical style, connected by a bridge. It is situated approximately 500 m south of site BRI-C.

6.2 Grade II Listed.

Sydenham Manor House (19, 40) was constructed in the early-mid 16th century and comprises an early 17th century range. Though not architecturally outstanding, it is well-preserved (Plate 3). It is situated within the British Cellophane Factory (63), at the northern boundary of site option BRI-A and up until recently has been used as a canteen and for guest accommodation.

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Plate 3: Sydenham Manor House (19, 40), a Grade II Listed Building (©SCC)

The remaining Grade II Listed Buildings are:

• Horsey Manor Farm (11) is a farmhouse, constructed in the late 16th

• No. 22 St Johns House and adjoining brick wall (12) is a house, built in the mid 19th century;

century;

• No. 38 Monmouth Street (13) is a house, constructed between 1830 and 1850;

• No. 5 Monmouth Street (14) is a house, built in the early-mid 19th

• No. 50 Monmouth Street (15) is a house, constructed between 1830 and 1850;

century;

• No. 68 Monmouth Street (16) is a house, built in the mid 19th

• Nos. 46, 48 and 48a Monmouth Street (17) are houses, constructed in the mid 19th century;

century;

• Nos. 40 and 42 Monmouth Street (18) are houses, built between 1839 and 1850; and

• No. 43 Toll House (20) is a toll house, built between 1820 and 1840 and recorded at the junction of the Bath and Bristol roads.

6.3 Unlisted Buildings

All Saints Church, Bridgwater (33), was opened in 1882. By 1966 the church had closed and was in use as a boy's club. The former church is situated at least 300 m south of site BRI-C.

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Within the confines of site BRI-A are the buildings of the British Cellophane Factory (63). The extensive factory was constructed from 1935-7 by the British Cellophane Company, a joint venture between La Cellophane SA and Courtaulds. It employed 3,000 people. The original factory is shown clearly on RAF aerial photos of c. 1947. The factory is now considerably larger, but has closed and is to be redeveloped.

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7 Historic landscape

The OS first edition map (1887)8

7.1 Site option BRI-A

shows that sites BRI-A and BRI-C are situated within countryside, outside and to the north-east of the historic urban centre of Bridgwater.

Site BRI-A encompasses three different landscapes, as characterized by the Somerset Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC). The southern area of the site is recorded as post-tithe map (c. 1840) settlement (HLC14), as it is situated within the north-eastern corner of Bridgwater (Figure 2). At the time of the site visit, this area was in use as a sports club, with a car park and associated modern buildings.

The central area of site BRI-A has been classified as Water Treatment Works (HLC15).The site visit showed that this area was heavily industrialized and is the former site of the British Cellophane Works (63), with its factory buildings still standing.

The Bridgwater tithe map (mid 1800s)9

A similar arrangement of fields is visible on the OS first edition map (1887)

shows the site occupied by a relatively irregular arrangement of fields, bordered to the west by the railway (48) and to the south by Bath Road. Also shown are two tracks/roads. In the southern end of the site is an east by west track/road, presumably leading from the A39 Bath Road to Sydenham Manor (19).

8

Modern mapping shows the northern area of the site to be divided up with a number of drains, which the field visit showed to form the present field boundaries. The arrangement of fields is similar to those shown on the tithe map (mid 1800s)

. However, at least four areas of orchard/woodland are now shown, as is “Sydenham House” (40) and the farms of “Cockpit” and “Little Sydenham”. Running from Horsey Deserted Medieval Village (10), through the northern end of the site, is “Horsey Lane/Rhyne”. It passes beneath the railway (48) and terminates at the A38 Bristol Road. This lane may have medieval or earlier origins.

9. The majority of these fields are currently in use for grazing sheep. Slight undulations were visible in some of these fields, possibly representing previous drainage or ridge and furrow (Plate 4). Separating these pasture fields from the northernmost two arable fields is Horsey Lane. This lane is visible on the tithe (mid 1800s)9 and OS First Edition (1887)8 and may have earlier origins.

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Plate 4: Earthworks north of site BRI-A looking south-west

7.2 Site option BRI-C

The Somerset HLC has assigned this area as post tithe map (c. 1840) settlement (HLC14), as it is situated within the north-eastern corner of Bridgwater (figure 2). The Bridgwater tithe map (mid 1800s)9

The OS first edition map (1887)

shows this area as fields.

8 still shows the majority of the site as fields. However, “Bath Bridge” and “Grandfield’s Buildings” are now visible in the northern end of the site option. A rectangular building, most likely associated with the adjacent railway, is shown in the southernmost end of the site.

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8 Assessment of impacts

8.1 Impact of previous development

At BRI-A the section of M5 motorway between Junctions 23 and 24 (99) passing through the northern part of the study area was opened in December 1973 (UK Motorway Archive, accessed on 20/10/2009)7

Construction of the Post-medieval Bristol and Exeter railway (48) along the western side of site BRI-A and the Bridgwater Branch Railway (49) through the centre of the site, would have likely impacted any earlier archaeological remains within their immediate vicinity.

. The construction of the motorway would have had a major impact on the cultural heritage resource within the immediate vicinity of its route, especially along the eastern side of site BRI-A.

The modern British Cellophane Works (63) and sports club would have had a major impact on any earlier archaeological deposits within BRI-A. Ponds visible on modern mapping, but not on the Bridgwater tithe map (mid 1800s)9

The majority of BRI-C is occupied by the rugby and football clubs’ pitches and associated buildings. The major impacts would have occurred during construction of the buildings, with lesser impacts during preparation of the playing pitches and hard standing car park.

, would also have had a large impact on any archaeological features.

Construction of the Post-medieval railway (48) bordering the western side of the site, would also have had a major impact on any earlier archaeological deposits within the immediate vicinity.

8.2 Impact of the proposed development

The final design details and precise location for the construction of the campus and accommodation to be located at Bridgwater are still under consideration at the time of writing this report.

It is assumed that the construction will involve stripping of the topsoil and other significant ground works including demolition, ground clearance and fencing. This would impact adversely on surviving archaeological deposits below ground or earthwork remains, which have not presently been identified.

Construction and operation activities have the potential to impact adversely on the settings of the Scheduled Monument and Listed Buildings within the study area.

8.3 Survival of archaeology

At present, BRI-A exists within the confines of the Cellophane Factory where previous construction would have affected the survival of any archaeological remains. Relatively good survival may be possible in undeveloped areas, such as below hard standing and in marginal areas of the site.

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BRI-C is occupied by a rugby and football club constructed over former Post-medieval clay extraction pits (36). This clay extraction will have removed all archaeological deposits at this location.

8.4 Archaeological potential

There is one Scheduled Monument and 12 Listed Buildings located within the study area. No other statutory constraints are recorded within the study area. Only one of these statutory sites, Grade II Listed Building Sydenham Manor (19), is present close to one of the site options, to the immediate north of site option BRI-A.

Archaeological potential is the likelihood for archaeological remains of a particular period to survive within the site boundaries based on the known evidence from the study area.

For this assessment, prior to formalisation into the ES technical note matrices, an idea of the archaeological potential from each period has been assigned using low, medium and high values.

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during the Lower Palaeolithic (pre 30,000 BP), Upper Palaeolithic (30,000-10,000 BP) and Mesolithic (10,000 – 3,500 BC) periods. The landscape is of an unlikely type for the survival of sites to occur, although chance finds of worked flint/stone artefacts may occur. If Palaeolithic or Mesolithic remains survive within BRI-A or BRI-C these would be of national or regional importance.

The archaeological potential for the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic is considered to be low.

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during the Neolithic (3,500 – 2,000 BC) and Bronze Age (2,000 – 700 BC) periods. If Neolithic or Bronze Age remains survive within BRI-A or BRI-C these would be of regional importance.

The archaeological potential for the Neolithic and Bronze Age is considered to be low.

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during the Iron Age (700 BC – AD 43) period. If Iron Age remains survive within BRI-A or BRI-C these would be of regional importance.

The archaeological potential for the Iron Age is considered to be low.

A Roman coin found in allotments, east of site option BRI-C (1), is the only evidence for Roman activity within the study area. If further Roman remains survive within the study area these would be of regional importance.

The archaeological potential for the Roman period is considered to be low.

There is no evidence that the study area was occupied during the Early-medieval (AD 450 – AD 1066) period. If Early-medieval remains survive within the study areas these would be of national or regional importance.

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The archaeological potential for the Early-medieval period is considered to be low.

Ten medieval (AD 1066 – AD 1540) sites have been recorded within the study area. These include a Deserted Medieval Village (DMV) at Horsey (10), which is designated as a Scheduled Monument. This site is of national importance, and is located c. 1 km the northeast of site BRI-A.

Other than the Scheduled Monument, surviving medieval remains within the study area would be of regional or local importance.

The archaeological potential for the medieval period is considered to be low.

There are 51 Post-medieval (AD 1540 onwards) sites recorded within the study areas, of which 12 are Listed Buildings. Sydenham Manor House (19, 40), located just outside the northern boundary of BRI-A, was constructed in the early-mid 16th

Post-medieval clay extraction pits (36) are recorded within site BRI-C. The Bristol and Exeter Railway (48) runs north by south through both study areas and forms the western boundary of sites BRI-A and BRI-C. The former line of the now dismantled Bridgwater Branch Railway (49) runs east by west to the north of site BRI-A. These would have removed archaeological potential for the earlier periods.

century and is Grade II Listed.

Surviving remains of Post-medieval date would be of regional or local importance.

The archaeological potential for the Post-medieval period is considered to be medium.

Of the Modern (AD 1900 onwards) period there are 27 sites relating to WWII defences within the study areas, 15 of which are pill boxes built to defend the railway, canal and River Parrett.

The British Cellophane Works (63), which is due to be demolished, is present within site BRI-A, and a Willow Man statue (100) to the north.

Surviving remains of this period would be of regional or local importance.

The archaeological potential for the Modern period is considered to be medium.

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9 Conclusions and recommendations

The final design and precise location of the campus and accommodation facilities have not yet been determined. Construction activities associated with their development have the potential to impact adversely on known or suspected archaeological remains.

The site BRI-A is occupied by industrial buildings of the British Cellophane Factory (63), which is in the process of being partially demolished. This gives BRI-A an industrial character.

To the north just outside the site boundary of BRI-A is the Grade II Listed Sydenham Manor House (19). The setting of the Manor House is presently dominated by industrial buildings.

The western boundary of BRI-A is formed by the current Bristol and Exeter Railway line (54).

Earthworks representing the Scheduled Horsey Deserted Medieval Village (10) are situated a kilometre north-east of the site. Its location is on the far side of the M5 from BRI-A.

There are no designated heritage assets located within BRI-C.

Post-medieval clay extraction pits (36) are recorded at BRI-C in the area now occupied by the rugby club. These are no longer visible, but would have removed all archaeological deposits in the vicinity. BRI-C is bounded to the west by the current Bristol and Exeter Railway line (48) and to the north by the A39 Bath Road, which is the line of a former Post-medieval turnpike road (61).

Due to the modern interventions at both BRI-A and BRI-C it is unlikely that there are archaeological deposits present at either site.

It is unlikely that statutory designated assets within the wider study area would have their settings impacted upon adversely by these proposed developments. This is due to the location of both BRI-A and BRI-C in existing conurbation and industrial areas of Bridgwater.

9.1 Recommendations for Further Studies

The scope of the assessment, the potential for further studies and future mitigation will be discussed with Somerset County Council Historic Environment Service (SCC HES).

English Heritage will be consulted with regard to any works that might affect the settings of the Scheduled Monument or Listed Buildings.

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10 References

1Institute for Archaeologists (IfA) 2008 Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk Based Assessment, Institute for Archaeologists, Reading.

2British Geological Society (1984) 1:50 000 Taunton Sheet 295 Solid and Drift Edition.

3Transport Assessment Guidance Unit 3.3.9 The Heritage of Historic Resources http://www.webtag.org.uk/webdocuments/3_Expert/3_Environment_Objective/3.3.9.htm

4Rippon, S. 2006 ‘Landscapes of Pre-medieval Occupation’ in Kain, R. (ed.) England’s Landscape: the South West Collins: London 41-66.

5Rippon, S. and Croft, B. (ed.) 2008 ‘Post-Conquest Medieval’ in Webster, C.J. (ed.) The Archaeology of South West England: South West Archaeological Research Framework Resource Assessment and Research Agenda Somerset County Council 195-207.

6Adkins, L and R. 1998 The Handbook of British Archaeology Constable. London. p114.

7UK Motorway Archive http://www.ukmotorwayarchive.org/swreg1.htm accessed on 20/10/2009.

8OS 1887 1st Edition Ordnance Survey County Series, scale 6-inch to 1 mile map sheet 38.

9

mid-1800s Bridgwater Tithe map.

15928/TR/00067 Issue 02 August 2010

Appendix A Cultura l heritage gaze tteer

AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

1 331500 137500 coin found in allotments Roman find spot find spot NMR 192118

2 332160 138650 junction of the A39, M5 and the road to Chedzoy (north-east of Hunter's Lodge), Bridgwater - circular mound 28m in diameter and 2.7m high was excavated in 1907, when medieval pottery was found.

medieval Monument Windmill Mound NMR192145

3 331700 138600 north side of A39 - glazed and unglazed pottery sherds found on the site of clay pits. medieval find spot find spot HER 10226

NMR 192094

4 331700 138600

Boards Farm, Horsey - Investigations in advance of the M5 by Bridgwater and District Archaeological Society discovered cobbled lias stones on edge and the wall foundation trench of a 18th century cottage overlying a hard clay surface with charcoal and unglazed 14th century pottery, without associated structures.

medieval find spot find spot HER 11864

5 330300 137070

St John the Baptist, Bridgwater - founded in AD 1213 and dissolved in AD 1539. It consisted of a prior and seven brethren. The site is known to be close to the east gate. During the construction of a shed in 1972, in a garden to the rear of 6-8 St John Street, walls and a fireplace were uncovered.

medieval Monument Augustinian Hospital

HER 12394 NMR 192121

6 332050 139450

Horsey DMV - chapel site excavated in 1903 by Warren. Shallow foundations, of probable 13th century date, were found. Green glazed medieval tiles were also found. The remains of the chapel are about "one hundred yards west of the existing Horsey manor house, near to the Bath Road." The field is known as Chapel Cleve and is full of foundations that once constituted the DMV of Horsey (SMR 10215).

medieval Monument Chapel HER 10216

7 331950 138000

west of Crow's Lane, Bridgwater - complex of low earthworks defining trackways, house platforms and enclosures. Probably the site of a DMV, though the earlier 1947 AP coverage gives little indication of this. Area now completely built upon by housing.

medieval Monument Deserted Medieval Village HER 11248

8 331100 140500

south of King Sedgemoor Drain, Dunball - visible as earthworks on APs and covering an area measuring c.925m by 845m. The flood defences are defined by linear banks, which once followed the course of the River Parrett. The pattern of the flood defences demonstrates the movement of the River Parrett through time, with new banks constructed as the river moves. The area is also covered by drainage ditches with no distinct pattern and possible old water courses. Most of the banks have been levelled or destroyed by the construction of the M5.

medieval Monument Flood Defences HER 27792

9 330800 139700 visible as earthworks on APs. medieval Monument Ridge and Furrow

HER 27790 NMR 1451139

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

10 332000 139500

Horsey Deserted Medieval Village (DMV), immediately north of Board's Farm - foundations of buildings which once made up the village of Horsey are contained in a rectangular field, raised slightly above the surrounding land and bounded by drainage ditches, to the west of the present manor house. The village is represented by a series of scarps, banks and ditches. A rectangular depression is the chapel site (SMR 10216). To the north of this is a small platform, possibly the site of a building. In the south-east of the field is a large deep depression was probably a pond. The village must have extended further south as there is clear evidence of house platforms and crofts on APs to the north of Board's Farm. Cobbled lias stones on edge and a wall foundation trench of an C18 cottage, overlaid a hard clay surface with charcoal and unglazed C14 pottery. No associated structures were revealed.

medieval Scheduled Monument

Deserted Medieval Village

HER 10215 NMR 192133

11 332150 139310 Horsey Manor Farm, Horsey Lane, Bridgewater - late 16th century Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II Farmhouse HER 28749

NMR 1507215

12 330379 137196 No 22 St John's House and attached brick wall to the rear, Monmouth Street (east side), Bridgwater - mid 19th century Post-medieval Listed Building

Grade II House HER 14922

13 330413 137258 No 38 Monmouth Street (east side), Bridgwater - 1830-1850 Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II House HER 14909

14 330322 137171 No 5 Monmouth Street (west side), Bridgwater - early-mid 19th century Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II House HER 14911

15 330440 137296 No 50 Monmouth Street (east side), Bridgwater - 1830-1850 Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II House HER 14994

16 330480 137340 No 68 Monmouth Street (east side), Bridgwater - mid 19th century Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II House HER 14995

17 330436 137290 Nos 46, 48 and 48A, Monmouth Street (east side), Bridgwater - mid 19th century Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II Houses HER 14910

18 330421 137266 Nos 40 and 42, Monmouth Street (east side), Bridgwater - 1839-1850 Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II Houses HER 14993

19 331122 138396 Sydenham Manor House, Bath Road (north-west side), Bridgwater - early-mid 16th century Post-medieval Listed Building

Grade II Manor House HER 14805

20 330438 137345 No 43 Toll House, Monmouth Street (west side), Bridgwater - 1820-1840 Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II Toll House HER 14912

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

21 330338 137345 Church of St John the Baptist, Blake Place (north side), Eastover - 1843 Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II* Church HER 14811

22 330793 136973 Bridgwater Railway Station, Wellington Road (east end), Bridgwater - 1841 Post-medieval Listed Building Grade II* Railway Station HER 14973

NMR 617441

23 330670 138450 Parrett Bath Brick Works, Bridgwater - shown on 2nd edition OS map. Bath bricks were manufactured of Parrett sand and were named from their resemblance to Bath stone.

Post-medieval Monument Brick Works HER 17109 NMR 617365

24 330300 138000

Castlefield, Bridgwater - brick pits and buildings. A quarry site was identified within this area from APs. Several unidentified features were also noted. 'Wild's Cement Works' noted on 2nd edition OS Map at the north of the area. 'Colthurst Symons Brick and Tile Works' noted in Kellys Directory. The cement works were still in use in 1930s.

Post-medieval Monument Brick Works HER 12397

25 330800 136700 Colley Lane, Bridgwater - run by Major-Seeley companies. Couple of drying sheds still stood on the site in the 1970s. Post-medieval Monument Brick Works HER 12404

26 330500 137500

Bath Brick Works, Bridgwater - the manufacture of Bath Brick, a scouring compound, was an industry limited to Bridgwater and flourishing from the early 19th to the early 20th century. It exploited a special `slime' from the river Parrett which only occurred close to Bridgwater.

Post-medieval Monument Brick Works NMR 192150

27 330700 323100

129000 125350

Bridgwater and Taunton Canal - In 1822 construction began and in 1827 the canal was opened from Taunton to Huntworth. At Taunton the canal connected to the River Tone at Firepool. In 1837 the canal extended through Bridgwater to the dock. In 1866 it was bought by Bristol and Exeter Railway but continued in use until brought by the Great Western Railway. In 1838 the Grand Western Canal (SMR 43844) connected with the Bridgwater and Taunton canal. There are a number of swing bridges and a pumping house on the route.

Post-medieval Monument Canal HER 43826 NMR 1341586

28 330480 137390 Roundabout, Bath Road, Bridgwater - 'Russian Cannon Trophy' shown on OS map of c.1904. The trophy was a cannon from the Crimean war. Taken away for scrap during WWII.

Post-medieval Monument Cannon HER 17962

29 330300 138100

in the 1890s a cement works was established by Boards with a quarry (SMR 28686) at Cossington, connected by the Bridgwater Railway (SMR 12439). The railway company provided sidings at both works. Shown as "Wilds Cement Works" on 1920 OS map.

Post-medieval Monument Cement Works HER 28688

30 330430 137080

Congregational Chapel, St John Street, Bridgwater - the Mariners Chapel opened in 1837, but the building has been replaced by 'Mariners Court'. A nonconformist mission for seamen was said to have started in 1817. A Sunday school was started in the 1880s and a schoolroom was built in 1911. The chapel continued in use until 1960.

Post-medieval Monument Chapel HER 18113

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

31 330400 137020

St Joseph of Arimathea Roman Catholic Church and burial ground, Gordon Terrace, Bridgwater - an archaeological evaluation (2004) revealed traces of the RC church of St Joseph of Arimathea Evaluation (2004) Gordon terrace, Bridgwater Roman Catholic Church of St Joseph of Arimathea An evaluation was undertaken in May 2004 on the site of the 19th century Roman Catholic Church of St Joseph of Arimathea prior to proposed development. The footings of the church were revealed as well as 10 graves at a depth of c.1.70m. Evidence of the demolition of the site in 1999 was also apparent. No material earlier than the 19th century was noted.

Post-medieval Monument Church HER 16992

32 330400 137030

St Joseph of Arimathea Roman Catholic Church and burial ground, Gordon Terrace, Bridgwater - an archaeological evaluation (2004) revealed traces of the RC church of St Joseph of Arimathea. The church is known to have been founded in 1846 by J. Moore Capes after his conversion to Roman Catholicism. The church has a burial ground to the north and west of the building. In 1882 the church was too small for the congregation who moved to a new church in Binford Place. The church continued in use as a school. The site was demolished and cleared in 1995.

Post-medieval Monument Church HER 17074

33 330650 136830

All Saints Church, All Saints Terrace, Bridgwater - St John's church (SMR 12448) opened the mission church of All Saints in 1882, successor to a room in Edward Street. By 1966 the church had closed and was in use as a boy's club. The building, in Gothic style, is tall and comprises a chancel and nave, in sandstone with freestone dressings.

Post-medieval Monument Church HER 18106

34 330290 137360 Church of St John, Bridgwater - built in 1843 to design of John Brown, Surveyor of Norwich Cathedral. Graveyard opened in 1846, but by 1880 most parishioners were being buried in the new cemetery on the Bristol Road, which opened in 1876.

Post-medieval Monument Church and Churchyard HER 12448

35 331500 137500

The Civil War defences of Bridgewater consisted of batteries and a ditch surrounding the town, of which there is now no surviving trace. The town was besieged by parliamentary forces under Sir Thomas Fairfax on 13th July 1645 and surrendered on 23 July.

Post-medieval Monument Civil War Defences NMR 192112

36 331000 137600 Sydenham, Bridgwater Post-medieval Monument Clay Extraction Pits HER 12405

37 330650 137400

Bailey Street, Bridgwater - 'Collar Factory' noted on map. The shirt collar factory first opened in 1897. The Tone Vale Manufacturing Co. became one of the largest employers in the town and at its height was the biggest manufacturer of separate stiff collars in the country. Taken over by The British Van Heusen Company in 1953.

Post-medieval Monument Collar Factory HER 17126

38 330700 137500 Bridgwater Post-medieval Monument Iron and Brass Foundry HER 12408

39 330590 138150 Bristol Road, Bridgwater - visible on OS map. Post-medieval Monument Joinery Works HER 17112

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

40 331120 138390 Sydenham Manor, Sydenham, Bridgwater - early 17th century range set in front of a 16th century house. Though not architecturally outstanding it is well preserved. It has been used as the canteen for cellophane works.

Post-medieval Monument Manor HER 12464 NMR 192109

41 330320 137160 United Methodist Chapel, Monmouth Street, Bridgwater - 'U. M. Ch.' noted on 2nd edition OS map. Post-medieval Monument Methodist

Chapel HER 17726

42 330740 138660 Bristol Road, Bridgwater - noted on 2nd edition OS map. Post-medieval Monument Mile Post HER 17110

43 331080 140220 Bristol Road, Bridgwater - noted on 2nd edition OS map. Post-medieval Monument Mile Stone HER 17922

44 331450 138250 Bath Road, Bridgwater - noted on 2nd edition OS map. Post-medieval Monument Mile Stone HER 17113

45 330820 138200 Eastover Cemetery and Mortuary Chapels, Bristol Road, Bridgwater - noted on 2nd edition OS map. Cemetery area now extended to the north. Post-medieval Monument Mortuary Chapel

and Cemetery HER 17111

46 330435 137125 archaeological evaluation at 31 - 33 St John's Street, Bridgwater (2003) - the only archaeological features encountered were pits of 19th-20th century date, one of which contained the only pre-recent finds; a pipe stem and three sherds of pottery.

Post-medieval Monument Pits HER 16408

47 330100 339000

137400 142900

Bridgwater Railway - formerly leased to the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway Co, runs from near Monmouth Street to the north Sydenham Manor. It joined the main line (SMR 11842) at Edington Junction. It was opened in 1890 and closed completely in 1954.

Post-medieval Monument Railway HER 12439

48 332400 309300

155600 118100

Bristol and Exeter Railway - engineered by I K Brunel, work began after 1836, from both ends, and reached Bridgwater 1841 and Taunton a year later. The line was completed to Exeter in 1844. It was dismantled in 1967.

Post-medieval Monument Railway HER 12964 NMR 1359290

49 334760 139879

Bridgwater Branch Railway - the line opened in 1890 between Bridgwater and Edington Burtle on the Burnham - Glastonbury section of the Dorset and Somerset Junction Railway. Although built for a double track, it only ever operated a single track. A wharf branch. The line closed fully in 1954.

Post-medieval Monument Railway NMR 1359960

50 330410 137490

Bridgwater North Station, Bridgwater - 'Station' shown on map. It was situated on the Somerset and Dorset Joint railway Bridgwater branch line and opened in 1890 It was renamed Bridgwater North in 1949. Completely closed in 1962. The station had an island platform, half its length covered with a canopy, with lines either side giving two platforms. The station area included a large goods yard with a brick goods shed, cattle pens and a coal office.

Post-medieval Monument Railway Station HER 17130

51 330810 136970

Bridgwater Station - opened in 1841 as the terminus of the first section of the Bristol and Exeter Railway (BER) (SMR 12964) and remains open for passengers. Bridgwater is one of the oldest remaining stations of the BER, designed by Brunel. The station was improved in 1882 and 1904, when the platforms were extended. The main buildings are Listed (SMR 14973).

Post-medieval Monument Railway Station HER 18547

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

52 330435 137531 Bridgwater North Railway Station - opened in 1890, closed in 1954. Post-medieval Monument Railway Station NMR 617443

53 329690 137660 "Sulterton" sank in 1814 at entrance of Bridgwater River Post-medieval Monument Ship Wreck NMR 1343472

54 329690 137660 "May Flower" sank in 1899 off the entrance to the River Avon Post-medieval Monument Ship Wreck NMR 1370477

55 329690 137660 "Five Brothers" sank in 1816 Post-medieval Monument Ship Wreck NMR 1344553

56 329690 137660 "Governor Bruce" sank in 1797 Post-medieval Monument Ship Wreck NMR 1337817

57 330770 136780

Colley Lane, Bridgwater - modern OS maps show "The Old Tileworks". The OS maps of 1930 shows a kiln, which appears to be the pinnacle type. There is a long building to the west, which may be a surviving drying shed. The yard is likely to have been operated by HJ and C Major who ran the yard to the south (SMR 12404) and the closure date would be 1956.

Post-medieval Monument Tile Works HER 28767

58 330400 137400 junction of the Bath and Bristol Roads Post-medieval Monument Toll House NMR 617427

59 330410 137810 a small tramway ran along the centre of The Drove to carry clay on trolleys to the Colthurst and Symonds brickworks (SMR 12397). Post-medieval Monument Tramway HER 28690

60 334810 150760 East Brent to Thurloxton - turnpiked in 1730. Post-medieval Monument Turnpike Road HER 24587

61 319280 344140

139620 136300 Nether Stowey to Ashcott - turnpiked in 1730 Post-medieval Monument Turnpike Road HER 24588

62 332450 332840

136190 135230 Bridgwater to Langport Bridge Post-medieval Monument Turnpike Road HER 24589

63 331100 138300

British Cellophane Factory, Bridgwater - extensive factory was constructed from 1935-7 by the British Cellophane Company, a joint venture between La Cellophane SA and Courtaulds. It employed 3000 people. The original factory is shown clearly on RAF APs of c.1947. The factory is now considerably larger but has closed and is to be redeveloped.

Modern Monument Factory HER 27092

64 330810 330810

137110 136880

north of Bridgwater Station - line of cubes visible on c.1946 and 1965 APs in 3 areas. A single cube is visible to the south of footbridge, a line of 7 between buildings in the centre of the platform and an L-shaped line at the north end, joining ditch SMR 16052.

World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank Cubes HER 16051

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

65 330650 138460 north of Bridgwater - line of cubes set diagonally to the north of pillbox SMR 11946, blocking the gap between the river and a group of buildings, visible on APs. The cubes have been removed and the buildings to the east redeveloped.

World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank Cubes HER 17843

66 330870 136730 Loxleigh Avenue, Bridgwater - line of 3 cubes clearly visible on APs. Maps in the Wills Collection (NMR) show the line continuing west, to the railway. They may also be visible on the RAF APs of c.1947.

World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank Cubes HER 17844

67 330794 136903 north of Westonzoyland Road - at least 3 cubes. Recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0012448). World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank

Cubes NMR 1426608

68 330880 330370

138110 184850

north of Bath Road, Bridgwater - APs of c.1946 show it running along the railway and joining the cubes (SMR 15045) which crossed the cemetery. World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank

Ditch HER 16049

69 330840 330920

137110 137460

north of Bridgwater Station - line of the infilled anti-tank ditch is visible on c.1946 APs. World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank

Ditch HER 16052

70 330900 330940

138250 138530

APs show the clear line of an anti tank ditch running from the north end of the cubes (SMR 15045) to the railway (SMR 12439) embankment. World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank

Ditch HER 22824

71 330890 330920

138110 138310

adjacent to railway, east of Eastover Cemetery, Bridgwater - anti-tank cubes, part of the eastern obstacle of the Bridgwater Anti-Tank Island on the Taunton Stopline intended to prevent tanks from entering the Anti-Tank Island.

World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank Obstacles HER 15045

72 330900 136790

west of road bridge, south of Bridgwater Station - line of obstacles originally formed part of road block protecting rear of Bridgwater, together with pillboxes on bridge (SMR 11985, SMR 11986) and the houses on either side. Survives in good condition.

World War II Monument WWII Anti-tank Obstacles HER 12607

73 330330 137860 The Drove, Bridgwater - Type 24, N25, recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0003363). APs show a probable pill box between two water-filled clay pits.

World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 15988 NMR 1419353

74 330480 137390 Bridgwater - N118, maps in the Wills Collection (NMR) show a pill box on the small triangle of land between Bristol Road, Bath Road and the railway. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 16046

75 330830 138010 Bristol Road Playing Fields, Bridgwater - T4, visible on c.1946 APs in Bridgwater anti-tank island. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 16047

76 330750 137600 Bath Road, Bridgwater - T6, visible on c.1946 APs in Bridgwater anti-tank island. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 16048

77 330820 137140 north of Bridgwater Station - Type 24, T8, maps of the Wills Collection (NMR) show a pill box. A hut is visible on c.1946 APs, probably the disguised pillbox. Clearly visible on 1965 APs.

World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 16050

78 330680 138360 Bristol Road, Bridgwater - Type 24, two storey, T2, built in 1941 as part of Bridgwater Anti-tank Island. Two-story. Shown clearly on 1946 APs. Destroyed when the railway embankment was removed.

World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 16721

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

79 330840 137790 north of Bath Bridge, Bridgwater - T5, part of Bridgwater anti-tank island. Survives in good condition. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 11986

80 330630 138460 River Parrett, Bridgwater - T1, part of Bridgwater anti-tank island. Survives in good condition. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 11946

81 330790 136830 south of Station, Bridgwater - Type 24, two storey, T9a, part of Bridgwater anti-tank island. Survives in good condition. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 11984

82 330860 136830 south of Station, Bridgwater - Type 24, two storey, T9, part of Bridgwater anti-tank island. Survives in good condition. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 11985

83 330620 138920 south of Hawkers Farm, Bridgwater - N23, inland. Recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0003361). World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 11947

NMR 1419351

84 330820 139820 south of Horsey Pill, Dunball - N19, inland, recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0003357). Survives in good condition. World War II Monument WWII Pill Box HER 11948

NMR 1419347

85 330793 136902 north side of Westonzoyland Road - rectangular, standing on high concrete base. Recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0012447). World War II Monument WWII Pill Box NMR 1426607

86 330600 138400 River Parrett, Bridgwater - hexagon, recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0006840). It has between the standard embrasures a stepped embrasure, possibly for a Lewis gun.

World War II Monument WWII Pill Box NMR 1421280

87 330787 136829 Hexagon, camouflaged as two storey house. Recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0007394). World War II Monument WWII Pill Box NMR 1421796

88 330634 138456 River Parrett, Bridgwater - built in 1940-41, extant and in good condition. Recorded on Defence of Britain Anti-Invasion Database (Ref. no. S0007381). World War II Monument WWII Pill Box NMR 1421786

89 330870 137480

north of Bridgwater - the concrete beams and sockets of a rail block are clearly visible on RAF APs of c1946. They are across the railway, forming part of the Bridgwater anti-tank island (SMR 16380). Maps in the Wills Collection (NMR) show this as TRLB 3.

World War II Monument WWII Rail Block HER 16799

90 330900 136810 Westonzoyland Road, Bridgwater - maps in the Wills Collection (NMR) show a roadblock numbered TRdB3. World War II Monument WWII Road

Block HER 18270

91 330900 136800 Loxleigh Avenue, Bridgwater - maps in the Wills Collection (NMR) show a roadblock numbered TRdB3a. The sockets for 'bent rails' were visible about 5 years ago but are no longer obvious.

World War II Monument WWII Road Block HER 18271

92 330540 137870 Bridgwater - rectangular cropmark, around some allotments, was identified during a desktop survey. Undated Monument Cropmark HER 16413

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AMEC no.

OS NGR easting

OS NGR northing Description Period Record type Monument type Original ref.

no.

93 330190 137470 Bridgwater - cropmarks, possibly representing a drainage feature, are visible on a 1946 AP. Undated Monument Cropmark HER 16414

94 330900 139000 east side of A38, north of Bridgwater - cropmarks indicating former field boundaries and a possible curving trackway. Visible on APs. Undated Monument Cropmarks HER 11247

95 331900 138800

south of Board's Farm, Bridgwater - ditches on both sides of the M5 showed in section a north-east by south-west floodbank or raised causeway 4 to 5m wide at base with 1.5 to 2.0m of brown clay and was not indicated in the pasture land above. Glazed, reddish 16th-17th century pottery was found in the red earth of the bank.

Undated Monument Flood Bank HER 10222

96 330800 138000 possible field boundaries or drainage of medieval or later date, visible as cropmarks. Undated Monument Linear Features

and Enclosures NMR 974791

97 330674 138746 River Parrett - tidal almost to Langport, vessels for centuries used the Parrett to Bridgewater and upstream to Thorney, also going up to the Yeo or Ivel tributary to Ilchester if there was sufficient water.

Undated Monument River NMR 1341601

98 331080 137780 Bridgwater - large mound, with a depression in the top, probably the mound of a medieval post-mill. It was bulldozed before 1964 and the site is now with a housing estate. No significant field names on tithe map.

Undated Monument Windmill Mound HER 12396 NMR 192136

99 331500 330500

141300 134200 M5 Motorway – Junction 23 to 24, opened in December 1973 Modern Monument Motorway

100 331500 139500

Willow Man - a large outdoor sculpture by Serena de la Hey, situated in a field by the M5 motorway near Bridgwater in Somerset. It stands 12 m tall and is made of willow withies on a steel frame. It was commissioned by South West Arts, for the Year of the Artist 2000, and was unveiled in September 2000.[1] It marks the millennium and celebrates the role of willow in the ecology and craft tradition of the Somerset Levels.

Modern Monument Statue

15928/TR/00067 Issue 02 August 2010

Appendix B Previous inves tiga tions gaze tteer

Date Description Original reference no. Sources

1903 Excavation at Horsey Chapel NMR 634620

Somerset Archaeology and Natural History: The Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, 52,1906, 155-7

1907 Excavation at junction of the A39, M5 and the road to Chedzoy (north-east of Hunter's Lodge), Bridgwater - early-medieval/medieval windmill mound NMR 634622

Fowler PJ/1971/M5 and Archaeology: Third Interim Report. Archaeological Review. In Council for British Archaeology Group 13. 6, 1971, 5-10

1971 Excavation at Board's Farm, Horsey (M5 Research Committee) - medieval/Post-medieval building NMR 634617

Somerset Archaeology and Natural History: The Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological and Natural History Society, 115, 1971, 54

1971 Excavation (M5 Research Committee) of medieval windmill mound NMR 634625

Council for British Archaeology: Group 12 (Wessex) and Group 13 (South West): Archaeological review, 6, 1971, 9 Medieval archaeology: Journal of the Society for Medieval Archaeology, 16, 1972, 211

1971 Watching brief at Boards Farm during construction of M5 (M5 Research Committee) - Post-medieval causeway and 18th century cottage

HER 11864 NMR 653934

Council for British Archaeology: Group 12 (Wessex) and Group 13 (South West): Archaeological review, 6, 1971, 9

1995-2001 Survey (Defence of Britain Project) - the purpose of the Project was to record the 20th century militarised landscape of the United Kingdom. Nearly 20,000 20th century military sites in the UK were recorded

- Council for British Archaeology

2003 Desk-based assessment in advance of redevelopment at Boards Road Maintenance Yard - identified low archaeological potential NMR 1399382

Poole B/2003/Boards Road Maintenance Yard, Bridgwater, Somerset: archaeological desk-based assessment/Report No 567. City of Hereford Archaeology Unit / [later called] Archaeological Investigations Ltd.

2003 Evaluation of land to the rear of 31-33 St Johns Street, Bridgwater - recorded cuts with deposits of post-medieval material NMR 1469948

Corney M/2003/An Archaeological Evaluation Report on Land to the Rear of 31-33 St. John's Street, Bridgwater, Somerset. Bath Archaeological Trust [reports]

2003 Desk-based assessment at Poole B East Quay Bus Depot and Food Store, Bridgewater - rectangular cropmark, around some allotments, was identified HER 16413

Unpublished Archaeological Investigation Report, Hereford Archaeology Series 565: Report (2003) in HER files

15928/TR/00067 Issue 02 August 2010

Date Description Original reference no. Sources

2003 Evaluation at Horsey Lane, Bridgwater - negative HER 16553

Goodwin/N/2003/Archaeological Evaluation of a Proposed Development Site off Horsey Lane, Bridgewater, Somerset. Unpublished Exeter Archaeology report.

2004 Evaluation at former Church of St Joseph of Arimathea - post-medieval burials and church foundations NMR 1485822

Anon/2004/Archaeological investigations at the Former Roman Catholic Church of St Joseph of Arimathea, Gordon Terrace, Bridgwater, Somerset. Pathfinders Archaeological Reconnaissance [fieldwork reports]

2007 Geoarchaeological assessment at Sydenham, Bridgwater HER 26089 -

2009+ Evaluation – on-going trial trenching - Oxford Archaeology

15928/TR/00067 Issue 02 August 2010

Appendix C His toric Lands cape Charac teris a tion (HLC)

AMEC ID No.

Original Ref No. Type Description

HLC 1 32 Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century

Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century. General field size, 12+ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905.

HLC 2 742 Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century

Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century. General field size, 3-6ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 3 1000 Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century

Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century. General field size, 6-12ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 4 2682 Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century

Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century. General field size, 6-12ha. Between 25% and 50% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 5 2971 Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century

Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century. General field size, 3-6ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905.

HLC 6 3031 Anciently Enclosed Land pre-17th century

Anciently Enclosed Land pre-17th century. General field size, 6-12ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 7 3108 Anciently Enclosed Land pre-17th century

Anciently Enclosed Land pre-17th century. General field size, 6-12ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 8 3660 Anciently Enclosed Land pre-17th century

Anciently Enclosed Land pre-17th century. General field size, 6-12ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 9 3786 Anciently Enclosed Land modified 17th to 19th century

Anciently Enclosed Land modified 17th to 19th century. General field size, 6-12ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

15928/TR/00067 Issue 02 August 2010

AMEC ID No.

Original Ref No. Type Description

HLC 10 4268 Anciently Enclosed Land modified 17th to 19th century

Anciently Enclosed Land modified 17th to 19th century. General field size, 3-6ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 11 6755 Anciently Enclosed Land modified 17th to 19th century

Anciently Enclosed Land modified 17th to 19th century. General field size, 3-6ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 12 6853 Settlement, pre Tithe Map (c1840) Settlement, pre Tithe Map (c1840).

HLC 13 7210 Settlement, post Tithe Map (c1840) Settlement, post Tithe Map (c1840).

HLC 14 7235 Settlement, post Tithe Map (c1840) Settlement, post Tithe Map (c1840).

HLC 15 7802 Water treatment works. Water treatment works.

HLC 16 7878 Industry Industry.

HLC 17 7879 Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century

Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century. General field size, 6-12ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 18 261 Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century

Recently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st century. General field size, 3-6ha. Less than 25% boundary loss since 1905. Previously wetland. NB The suggested date of this has been superseded by information from historical sources.

HLC 19 2035 Mud flats. Mud flats.

15928/TR/00067 Issue 02 August 2010

Appendix D Maps

9

8

5

7

3

2

93

6345

94

24

29

57

25

3656

5554 53

44

42

67

86

85

96

100

23

50

58

46

66

49

27

65

70

71

68

97

69

64

72

99

97

99

60

60

60

97

61

48

10

22

21

19

11

17

12

1318

14

2016

15

4

60

27

47

61

61

62

92

95

51

3438

37

52

59

6

39

1

40

33

26

35

30

98

41

89

43

90

73

75

77

76

84

78

91

88

80

82

83

87

79

81

32

74

28

Site BRI-A

Site BRI-C

330000 331000 332000 33300013

6000

1360

00

1370

00

1370

00

1380

00

1380

00

1390

00

1390

00

1400

00

1400

00

1410

00

1410

00

Legend Orientation

Client Name

Project

Title

Bridgwater Off-site Associated Development

Figure 1: Archaeological Site Location Map

Drawn

Date

Drawing Number

Checked Approved

Rev Scale

Sheet Size

SE AH SS

10/06/2010 A3

5788001898_ARCH_096 A1

0 250 500125

Meters

Coordinate System: British National Grid. © Crown Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence Number 100043677

Bath

Yeovil

Hinkley

Bristol

Taunton

Newport

Cardiff

Cannington

Bridgwater

Burnham-on-sea

Somerset

Devon Dorset

North Somerset

Bristol

BridgendCardiff

South Gloucestershire

Bath and North East Somerset

Vale of Glamorgan

AMEC Earth & Environmental UK LtdUnit 1, Trinity Place, 29 Thames Street,

Weybridge, Surrey KT13 8JG, UK 1:15,000

Study AreaSite Boundary

Archaeological Site Archaeological SiteArchaeological SiteListed Building Listed BuildingScheduled Monument

EDF Development Ltd.

HLC14

HLC14

HLC14

Site BRI-A

Site BRI-C

HLC19

HLC14

HLC17

HLC6

HLC7

HLC8

HLC18

HLC10HLC15

HLC16

HLC11

330000 331000 332000 33300013

7000

1370

00

1380

00

1380

00

1390

00

1390

00

1400

00

1400

00

1410

00

1410

00

Legend Orientation

Client Name

Project

Title

Bridgwater Off-site Associated Development

Figure 2 - Historic Landscape Characterisation (HLC) Map

Drawn

Date

Drawing Number

Checked Approved

Rev Scale

Sheet Size

SE NW SS

10/06/2010 A3

57880001898_ARCH_050 A1

0 200 400100

Meters

Coordinate System: British National Grid. © Crown Copyright 2009. All rights reserved. Ordnance Survey Licence Number 100043677

AMEC Earth & Environmental UK LtdUnit 1, Trinity Place, 29 Thames Street,

Weybridge, Surrey KT13 8JG, UK 1:15,000

Site BoundaryStudy Area

HLCAnciently Enclosed Land modified 17th to 19th centuryAnciently Enclosed Land pre-17th centuryRecently Enclosed Land 18th to 21st centurySettlement, post Tithe Map (c1840)Settlement, pre Tithe Map (c1840)Water treatment worksIndustryMud flats

Ba

Yeovil

Hinkley

Bristol

Taunton

Cardiff

Cannington

Bridgwater

Burnham-on-sea

Somerset

Devon Dorset

North Somerset

Bristol

BridgendCardiff

South Gloucestershire

Bath and North East Somerset

Vale of Glamorgan

EDF Development Ltd.