Data Points Social Determinants of Health · 2018-11-12 · 28 MN 41 WA 33 NH 49 MA 26 CT 45 HI ... Health, United States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-term Trends in Health. Hyattsville,

Social Determinants of Health

Data Points

A National PerspectiveNovember 2018

KEM C. GARDNER POLICY INSTITUTE

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Social Determinants of HealthWhat are social determinants of health?The majority of a person's health is impacted by factors outside of the health care system: genetics, social, environmental, and behavioral. Social determinants

of health are the conditions in which people are born, live, learn, work, and play that affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes (HealthyPeople.gov).

Utility Needs

PrimarySecondary

Income & Employment

Family & Social Support

Food Insecurity

Housing Instability

Health Behaviors

Education

Interpersonal Violence

Transportation

Source: Intermountain Healthcare.

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute 1

Life Expectancy

Life Expectancy at Birth by County, 2014

Note: Life expectancy can be used to gauge the overall health of a community. Source: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). United States Life Expectancy and Age-specific Mortality Risk by County 1980-2014. Seattle, United States: Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), 2017. Retrieved from https://vizhub.healthdata.org/subnational/usa. Country statistics from World Health Statistics, 2015.

2 Social Determinants of Health

Lowest Life ExpectancyOglala Lakota County, SD

66.8 yearsSimilar life expectancy as

Senegal and Myanmar

Highest Life ExpectancySummit County, CO

86.8 yearsOne of the highest life

expectancies in the world

Education

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

U.S. Educational Attainment Age 25 Years and Older, 2016U.S. Educational Attainment Age 25 Years and Older, 2016

Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau, 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

10.5%

26.6% 29.7%

33.2% 29.3%

33.1%

25.9%

11.8%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

Some college, Associate's degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

Income Above Poverty Income Below Poverty

Note: Poverty is defined as having poverty status anytime in the previous 12 months. Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.

U.S. Percent of Population in Poverty, 2016

PovertyU.S. Percent of Population in Poverty, 2016

12.4%

26.2% 27.6%

12.3%

20.1%

25.4%

19.3%

23.4%

10.6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

White alone Black or African

American alone

American Indian and

Alaska Native alone

Asian alone NativeHawaiian

and Other Paci�c Islander

alone

Some other race alone

Two or more races

Hispanic or Latino

origin (of any race)

White alone, not Hispanic

or Latino

Race Ethnicity

Note: Poverty is de�ned as having poverty status anytime in the previous 12 months. Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty. Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Census Bureau 2012-2016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates.


Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages data.

Employment Opportunities

Job Growth and Decline: Change in Employment since 2007 peak, 2007–2017


NH 3.7%

DC 12.6%

RI -0.6%

!!!

<0 0%-5% 5%-10% >10%

Change in employment since 2007 peak

UT 17.3% CO

13.8%

NY 8.5%

MN 6.3%

WA 12.5%

MA 9.6%

CT -1.0%

HI 4.5%

ID 7.0%

MT 5.2%

OR 9.0%

SD 7.8%

ND 21.2%

WY -2.9%

KS 1.1%

NE 6.1%

CA 8.8%

NV 3.2%

AZ 3.8%

OK 3.0%

TX 17.4%

NM -1.3%

AK 3.6%

AR 2.3%

SC 7.6%

KY 4.0%

WV -3.2%

IN 3.9%

MO 2.3%

IL 1.1%

WI 2.5%

IA 3.7%

PA 2.6%

OH 1.1%

MI 2.8%

FL 6.9%

TN 6.8%

ME 1.2%

LA 2.1%

AL -0.8%

GA 6.6% MS

-0.6%

NC 6.6%

VA 4.5%

DE 4.4%

MD 4.2%

NJ 1.1%

VT 2.0%

Housing

Median Value of Owner Occupied Housing Units vs. Median Household Income by State, 2017

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Housing insecurity data from Enterprise Housing Insecurity Dashboard. Retrieved from http://www.housinginsecurity.org/index.html#byTheNumbers.


Housing Median Value of Owner Occupied Housing Units vs. Median Household Income by State, 2017 '

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2017 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates. Housing insecurity data from Enterprise Housing Insecurity Dashboard. Retrieved from http://www.housinginsecurity.org/index.html#byTheNumbers.

$119,800 $120,200

$128,500 $137,400 $141,000 $141,100 $141,300 $144,200 $149,100 $150,600 $155,700 $155,800 $156,700 $161,800 $162,500 $167,500 $167,600 $171,200 $171,300 $172,200 $173,700 $178,900 $181,200

$191,200 $194,700 $195,300

$207,100 $214,000 $214,300

$223,400 $224,000 $226,300 $231,300

$252,800 $257,800 $258,200 $263,600

$273,100 $273,100 $273,400 $275,100

$312,500 $314,500 $319,200

$334,900 $339,000

$348,900 $385,400

$509,400 $607,200

$617,400

MN' $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000

WV MS AR OK KY IN AL

OH IA

KS MI NE

MO SC LA TN SD NC NM TX GA WI PA ME ND

IL ID FL

WY AZ

MN VT

MT DE RI

NV NH AK CT VA UT

MD NY OR NJ

WA CO MA CA DC HI

Median Value of Owner Occupied Housing Units Median Household Income

U.S. Median Home Value: $217,600 U.S. Median Household Income: $60,336

Select Characteristics of Housing Insecure Households, 2014

n Married with childrenn Unmarried with childrenn Married without childrenn Unmarried without

children

n Ownersn Renters

57%21%

38%

62%

11%

11%

Food Insecurity

Prevalence of Food Insecurity by Select Household Characteristics, 2017

Note: Food insecure households are defined as households that were uncertain of having, or unable to acquire, enough food to meet the needs of all their members at times during the year because they had insufficient money or other resources for food. *Hispanics may be of any race.Source: USDA, Economic Research Service. Data from the December 2017 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement.


Food Insecurity Prevalence of Food Insecurity by Selected Household Characteristics, 2017

Note: Food insecure households are de�ned as households that were uncertain of having, or unable to acquire, enough food to meet the needs of all their members at times during the year because they had insu�cient money or other resources for food. *Hispanics may be of any race. Source: USDA, Economic Research Service. Data from the December 2017 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement.

11.8%

9.5%

30.3%

19.7%

8.6%

8.8%

21.8%

18.0%

36.8%

5.8%

11.5%

13.3%

9.9%

11.7%

13.4%

10.7%

All households

Married-couples with children

Single women with children

Single men with children

Elderly living alone

White non-Hispanic

Black non-Hispanic

Hispanic*

Under 100% FPL

185% FPL and over

Inside metropolitan area

Outside metropolitan area

Northeast

Midwest

South

West

Householdcomposition

Race/ethnicity ofhousehold head

Householdpoverty level

Area of residence

Censusregion

(15 million U.S. households are food insecure)

Crime

Note: Violent crime figures include murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault.Source: Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute analysis of 2017 Crime in the United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U.S. Department of Justice.

Violent Crime State Rankings and Rates per 100,000 Population, 2017


RI 43

≥500 400-499 300-399 <299

Violent Crime Rates per 100,000 People

UT 40 CO

24

NY 28

MN 41

WA 33

NH 49 MA

26

CT 45

HI 39

ID 46

MT 23

OR 37

SD 19

ND 38

WY 42

KS 20

NE 32

CA 16

NV 6

AZ 10

OK 13

TX 17

NM 3

AK 2

AR 7

SC 11

KY 47

WV 29

IN 22

MO 8

IL 18

WI 30

IA 35

PA 31

OH 34

MI 15

FL 21

TN 4

ME 51

LA 5

AL 9

GA 27 MS

36

NC 25

VA 48

DE 14

MD 12

NJ 44

DC 1

VT 50

*Chicago;Naperville

*LosAngeles;LongBeach

*Houston;SugarLand

*Miami

*NYCity,Newark,JerseyCityarea

*Areaswithhighnumbersofviolentcrimes

Maplabelsindicatestaterankingsinviolentcrimerates.(1=highest)

* Areas with high numbers of violent crimes.

Health Care Responsibility

Source: Bringing Value Into Focus: The State of Value in U.S. Health Care. (2017). University of Utah Health. Data from University of Utah Health Value in Health Care Survey. Conduct-ed by Leavitt Partners between May 25 and July 14, 2017. Question response size: patients - 1,607; physicians - 345; employers - 216. Survey participants were asked this as a follow up question if they selected “My Health Improves” as one of the top five statements that best reflects what they value most when getting services from a health care provider.

ReferencesEgede, L. (2006). Race, Ethnicity, Culture, and Disparities in Health care. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 21(6): 667-669.Gundersen, C., Ziliak, J. (2015, November). Food Insecurity and Health Outcomes. Health Affairs, 34(11): Food & Health.Marmot MG, Wilkinson RD, editors. (2006). Social Determinants of Health, 2nd Edition. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.National Center for Health Statistics. (2017). Health, United States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-term Trends in Health. Hyattsville, MD: U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.Robinson, F., Keithley, J. (2000). The Impacts of Crime on Health and Health Services: A Literature Review. Health, Risk & Society, 2(3), 253-266. Social Determinants of Health. (2018, July 25). Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-

determinants-of-health

Who is primarily responsible for improving health?

Source: The State of Value in U.S. Health Care. University of Utah Health.

45%

44%

9%

2%

PatientOpinions

39%

25%

23%

4% 9%

EmployerOpinions

The Patient The Health Care Provider The Health Care System The Insurance Company The Employer

15%

75%

8%

2%

PhysicianOpinions

Who is primarily responsible for improving health from the perspective of patients, physicians, and employers?


Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Staff and AdvisorsLeadership TeamNatalie Gochnour, DirectorJennifer Robinson, Associate DirectorDianne Meppen, Director of Survey ResearchPamela S. Perlich, Director of Demographic ResearchJuliette Tennert, Director of Economic and

Public Policy ResearchJames A. Wood, Ivory-Boyer Senior Fellow

Faculty AdvisorsAdam Meirowitz, Faculty AdvisorMatt Burbank, Faculty Advisor

Senior AdvisorsJonathan Ball, Office of the Legislative Fiscal AnalystGary Cornia, Marriott School of BusinessDan Griffiths, Tanner LLCRoger Hendrix, Hendrix ConsultingJoel Kotkin, Chapman UniversityDarin Mellott, CBREChris Redgrave, Zions BankBud Scurggs, Cynosure GroupWesley Smith, Western Governors University

StaffSamantha Ball, Research AssociateMallory Bateman, Research Analyst DJ Benway, Research AnalystMarin Christensen, Research Associate Mike Christensen, Scholar-in-ResidenceJohn C. Downen, Senior Managing EconomistDejan Eskic, Senior Research AnalystEmily Harris, Demographic AnalystMichael T. Hogue, Senior Research StatisticianMike Hollingshaus, DemographerThomas Holst, Senior Energy Analyst Meredith King, Research Coordinator Colleen Larson, Administrative ManagerShelley Kruger, Accounting and Finance ManagerJennifer Leaver, Research AnalystAngela Oh, Senior Managing Economist Levi Pace, Senior EconomistJoshua Spolsdoff, Research Economist Laura Summers, Senior Health Care AnalystNicholas Thiriot, Communications Director Natalie Young, Research Analyst

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Thomas S. Monson Center I 411 E. South Temple Street

Salt Lake City, UT 84111 I 801-585-5618 I gardner.utah.edu

D A V I D E C C L E S S C H O O L O F B U S I N E S S U N I V E R S I T Y O F U T A H

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Health Care Advisory CouncilNathan CheckettsEdward ClarkJoseph Miner

Mikelle MoorePhillip SingerEric Hales

Stephen L. WalstonChad Westover

Partners in the Community The following individuals and entities help support the research mission of the Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute.

Legacy Partners

The Gardner CompanyIntermountain HealthcareKSL and Deseret NewsLarry H. & Gail Miller Family FoundationMountain America Credit UnionMitt and Ann Romney Salt Lake City Corp.Salt Lake CountyUniversity of Utah HealthUtah Governor’s Office of

Economic DevelopmentZions Bank

Executive Partners

The Boyer CompanyIvory HomesMark and Karen BouchardSalt Lake ChamberSorenson Impact CenterWCF Insurance

Sustaining Partners

Clyde CompaniesDominion EnergyStaker Parson Companies

Kem C. Gardner Policy Institute Advisory BoardConveners

Michael O. LeavittMitt Romney

Board

Scott Anderson, Co-ChairGail Miller, Co-ChairDoug AndersonDeborah BayleCynthia A. BergRoger BoyerWilford ClydeSophia M. DiCaroCameron DiehlLisa EcclesSpencer P. EcclesMatt EyringKem C. GardnerChristian Gardner

Clark IvoryRon JibsonMike S. LeavittKimberly Gardner MartinDerek Miller Ann MillnerSterling Nielsen Cristina OrtegaJason PerryGary B. PorterTaylor RandallJill Remington LoveBrad RencherJosh RomneyCharles W. SorensonJames Lee SorensonVicki VarelaRuth V. WatkinsTed WilsonNatalie Gochnour, Director

Ex Officio

Senator Orrin HatchGovernor Gary HerbertSpeaker Greg HughesSenate President Wayne

NiederhauserRepresentative Brian KingSenator Gene DavisMayor Ben McAdamsMayor Jackie Biskupski

Documents

Data Points Social Determinants of Health · 2018-11-12 · 28 MN 41 WA 33 NH 49 MA 26 CT 45 HI ... Health, United States, 2016: With Chartbook on Long-term Trends in Health. Hyattsville,