Daftar Pustaka

D.P-1

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. ACI 211.4R-93. “Specifications of the Concrete Mix for High Strength

Concrete Used During the Experimens”.

2. “Product Data Polyolefin Fibers” by 3M ScotchcastTM Polyolefin Fibers.

3. The International Course on Sustainable Structural Safety Design for

Buliding Engineers. “Performance Criteria of Buliding Material”, by Dr. Ir.

Saptahari M. Sugiri.

4. Balaguru & Shah (1992), “ Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites”, Mac-

Graw-Hill Inc Singapore.

5. Hannant,D.J. (1978), “Fibre Cement and Fibre Concrete”, John Wiley &

Sons Ltd.

6. Michel Bruneau, Chia-Ming Uang and Andrew Whittaker, “Ductile Design

of Steel Structures”.

7. ASTM C 39-86.”Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical

Concrete Specimens”.

8. ASTM C 78-84, “Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using

Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading”.

9. ASTM C 192-90a, “Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test

in the Laboratory”.

10. ASTM C 173-90a, “Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement

Concrete”.

11. ASTM C 496-90, “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of

Cylindrical Concrete Specimens”

12. ASTM C 1018-92, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Toughness and First-

Crack Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam with Third-Point

Loading”.

13. ACI Structural Journal 99-S32, “ Flexural Design Methodology for Concrete

Beams Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers”, by Joseph R. Yost and

Shawn P. Gross.

Daftar Pustaka

D.P-2

14. Journal of Structural Engineering, “Strengthening of Steel-Concrete

Composite Girders Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Sheets”, by M.

Tavakkolizadeh, M.ASCE, and H. Saadatmanesh, M.ASCE.

15. ACI Committee 544, “Vebe Slump Test and Vebe Time Test”.

16. ACI Material Journal 101-M31, “High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced

Concrete Mixture Proportions with High Fiber Volume Fractions” by P.

Balaguru and H. Najm.

17. ACI Committee 212.3R, “Chemical Admixtures for Concrete”.

18. ACI Material Journal, “Bond Behavior of Normal and High-Strength Fiber

Reinfonced Concrete”, by A. Samen Ezeldin and P.N. Balaguru.

19. ACI Material Jounal, “Effect of Consolidation on Bond of Reinforcement in

Concrete of Different Workabilities”, by Yin-Wen Chan, Yong-Guo Chen,

and Yi-Shi Liu.

20. Park and Paulay, “Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Departement of Civil

Engineering University of Canterbury, Chiristchurch, New Zealand, 1974.

21. “Technical Data Sheet Catalogue”, by PT Fosroc Indonesia.

22. “Tata cara Penghitungan Struktur Beton untuk Bangunan Gedung:, SK SNI

T – 15-1991-03.

23. “Standar Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan

Gedung”, SNI 1726, 2002, Departemen Kimpraswil.

24. “Pedoman Pelaksanaan Praktikum Beton”, Laboratorium Struktur dan

Bahan Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2003.

25. Diktat Kuliah ”Teknologi Baton Lanjut”, dari Dr. Ir. Saptahari M. Sugiri.

Lampiran A

L.A-1

Tabel L.A.1. Komposisi Mix Design Specimen

Material Plain Concrete

Polyolefin Fibers Reinforcement

Concrete

Steel Fibers Reinforcement

Concrete Fibers - 1 % 2 % 3 % 1 % 2 % 3 %

Cement 521.7 521.7 521.7 521.7 521.7 521.7 521.7

Water 184.09 184.09 184.09 184.09 184.09 184.09 184.09

Fine Aggregate 607.05 607.05 607.05 607.05 607.05 607.05 607.05

Coarse Aggregate 866.96 866.96 866.96 866.96 866.96 866.96 866.96

Fly Ash 130.43 130.43 130.43 130.43 130.43 130.43 130.43

Superplasticizers (conplast RP264 M2)

2.086 ltr2.086

ltr 2.086

ltr 2.086

ltr 2.086

ltr 2.086

ltr 2.086

ltr

w/c ratio 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35

A. Kurva Hubungan Tegangan-Regangan FRC dan Plain

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5Regangan (0/00)

Tega

ngan

(MPa

)

1% Polyo lefin fiber 1% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.1. Kuat Tekan FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5Regangan (0/00)

Tega

ngan

(MPa

)

2% Polyo lefin fiber 2% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.2. Kuat Tekan FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

05

10

152025303540

455055

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5Regangan (0/00)

Tega

ngan

(MPa

)

3% Polyo lefin fiber 3% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.3. Kuat Tekan FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2

Regangan (0/00)

Tega

ngan

(MPa

)

1% Polyo lefin fiber 1% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.4. Compressive Strength FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur

Beton 28 Hari

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1

Regangan (0/00)

Tega

ngan

(MPa

)

2% Polyo lefin fiber 2% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.5. Compressive Strength FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur

Beton 28 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1

Regangan (0/00)

Tega

ngan

(MPa

)

3% Polyo lefin fiber 3% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.6. Compressive Strength FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur

Beton 28 Hari

B. Kurva Hubungan Kuat Lentur – Penurunan Pengujian Modulus of

Rupture pada FRC dan Plain

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3Deflection (cm)

Flex

ural

(kg/

cm2)

1% Polyo lefin fiber 1% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.7. Modulus of Rupture FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6Deflection (cm)

Flex

ural

(kg/

cm2)

2% Polyo lefin fiber 2% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.8. Modulus of Rupture FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7Deflection (cm)

Flex

ural

(kg/

cm2)

3% Polyo lefin fiber 3% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.9. Modulus of Rupture FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2

Deflection (cm)

Flex

ural

(kg/

cm2)

1% Polyo lefin fiber 1% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.10. Modulus of Rupture FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3Deflection (cm)

Flex

ural

(kg/

cm2)

2% Polyo lefin fiber 2% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.11. Modulus of Rupture FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-7

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3Deflection (cm)

Flex

ural

(kg/

cm2)

3% Polyo lefin fiber 3% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.12. Modulus of Rupture FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari

C. Kurva Hubungan Kuat Tarik Belah – Penurunan pada FRC dan Plain

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8Deflection (mm)

Split

ting

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

T (M

Pa)

1% Polyo lefin fiber 1% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.13. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-8

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8Deflection (mm)

Split

ting

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

T (M

Pa)

2% Polyo lefin fiber 2% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.14. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8Deflection (mm)

Split

ting

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

T (M

Pa)

3% Polyo lefin fiber 3% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.15. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-9

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5

Deflection (mm)

Split

ting

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

T (M

Pa)

1% Polyo lefin fiber 1% Steel fiber Plain Kurva L.A.16. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian

Umur Beton 28 Hari

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10Deflection (mm)

Split

ting

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

T (M

Pa)

2% Polyo lefin fiber 2% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.17. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari

Lampiran A

L.A-10

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 10Deflection (mm)

Split

ting

Tens

ile S

tren

gth

T (M

Pa)

3% Polyo lefin fiber 3% Steel fiber Plain

Kurva L.A.18. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari

Lampiran B: Aplikasi FRC Polyolefin

L.B-1

Gambar L.B.1. Proses Produksi Serat Polyolefin

Gambar L.B.2. FRC Polyolefin Digunakan sebagai Lapisan Deck Jembatan

Lampiran B: Aplikasi FRC Polyolefin

L.B-2

Gambar L.B.3. Proses Perataan FRC Polyolefin pada Pelapisan Deck

Jembatan

Gambar L.B.4. FRC Polyolefin Digunakan sebagai Perkerasan Jalan

Lampiran B: Aplikasi FRC Polyolefin

L.B-3

Gambar L.B.5. FRC Polyolefin Digunakan sebagai Shotcrete Tembok

Pelabuhan

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-1

Photo L.C.1. Coarsa Aggregate dan Fine Aggregate

Photo L.C.2. Pengujian Berat Jenis Fine Aggregate

Photo L.C.3. Pemasukan Polyolefin Fibers Kedalam Adukan

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-2

Photo L.C.4. Pengukuran Slump Plain Concrete

Photo L.C.5. Slump FRC

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-3

Photo L.C.6. Pengujian Kerucut Terbalik (Inverted Slump Cone Test)

Photo L.C.7. Pengujian V – B (V-B Test)

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-4

Photo L.C.8. Cetak Adukan Beton

Photo L.C.9. Curing Specimen

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-5

Photo L.C.10. Pengujian Kuat Tekan (Compressive Strength Test)

Photo L.C.11. Perekaman Data Pengujian dengan Data Logger

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-6

Photo L.C.12. Pola Retak Kuat Tekan Beton pada Plain Concrete

Photo L.C.13. Pola Retak Kuat Tekan Beton pada FRC

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-7

Photo L.C.14. Pengujian Kuat Tarik Belah (Splitting Tensile Strength Test)

Photo L.C.15. Pola Retak Plain Concrete akibat Splitting Tensile Strength

Test

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-8

Photo L.C.16. Pola Retak FRC Polyolefin akibat Splitting Tensile Strength

Test

Photo L.C.17. Pola Retak FRC Steel akibat Splitting Tensile Strength Test

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-9

Photo L.C.18. Pengujian Kuat Lentur (Modulus of Rupture Test)

Photo L.C.19. Alat Perekaman Deflection LVDT

Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian

L.C-10

Photo L.C.20. Pola Retak FRC akibat Pengujian Lentur

Photo L.C.21. Pola Retak Plain akibat Pengujian Lentur