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Trade and transport connectivity in the age of pandemics: Opportunities for strengthening regional cooperation Presentation by ADB and ESCAP 1

d v v } } v v ] À ] Ç ] v Z P } ( v u ] W K } µ v ] ] ( } v P Z v ] v P P ] } v o ... · 2020. 12. 3. · Title: Microsoft PowerPoint - ADB-ESCAP Trade and Transport Connectivity-joint

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  • Trade and transport connectivity in the age of pandemics:

    Opportunities for strengthening regional cooperation

    Presentation by ADB and ESCAP

    1

  • COVID-19 pandemic impact on trade, connectivity and related measures• Temporary export and import bans for essential medical

    equipment and further trade restrictions of essential goods• Closures of points of entry—air, sea, and land—along with

    strengthened border crossing and quarantine procedures • Temporary disruptions of supply chain networks due to

    interruptions of productions and bottlenecks in sourcing resources and deploying key personnel on sites

    2

    0

    200

    400

    600

    800

    1000

    1200

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    $ bi

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    Trade value (right) Trade value growth (left)

    Global trade value and volume growth rate is expected to continue on a downward trend. Sources: ADB calculations using data from CEIC; and CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis. World Trade Monitor. https://www.cpb.nl/en/data (accessed November 2020).

  • Trade and transport facilitation measures amid COVID-19 in the Asia-Pacific region

    • The crisis has accelerated the implementation of trade and transport facilitation globally.

    • Many international and regional organizations are actively promoting international best practices.

    • This presents an opportunity to turn trade and transport facilitation measures into sustainable and streamlined practices, strengthen regional connectivity, spur the development of paperless trade and build back better.

    3

  • 1. Transparency and Institutional Coordination• Creating outreach portals and notifying to relevant

    international organizations • However, lacking easily accessible and up-to-date

    sources : for traders, a substantial constraint• Nearly all countries have established a governing body

    to develop and coordinate COVID-19 countermeasures; also over 60% of the border agencies with domestic and cross-border coordination mechanisms

    • However, coordinating bodies often lack the competency or mandate to implement trade facilitation measures – Importance of national trade facilitation committees (NTFCs)

    4

  • 2. Simplification of Customs Procedures and Expedited Clearance

    • While many trade-restrictive measures were implemented in the early stages of the pandemic, over 90% of the countries have shifted towards simplification of trade procedures and expedited clearances as the pandemic progressed.*

    • The most commonly applied measures were:• Reducing tariffs, VAT and customs fees• Expedited clearance of essential goods • Simplification of import, export and transit

    documentary requirements and procedures*Based on ESCAP Survey on Trade Facilitation in Times of Crisis and Pandemic (will be included as an

    additional module in the UN Global Survey on Digital and Sustainable Trade Facilitation (untfsurvey.org) from 2021 onward)

    5

  • 3. Digital Trade and Trade Facilitation

    • COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated clear needs to leverage the greater use of paperless trade systems with the support of adequate information technology and facilitate full implementation of digital trade facilitation measures.

    • Trade digitalization efforts: National single window (Tajikistan), ePhyto (Uzbekistan), e-CO (India, EAEU) and subregional agreement to align their legislations with international standards for e-commerce (CAREC)

    6

  • 4. Transport and transit facilitation

    • The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly pushed up transport and travel cost and revealed the vulnerability of the transport sector.

    • Still, various measures implemented to ensure the continued movement of international freight: Members of the Asia Highway Network and the Trans-Asian Railway Network kept all, or at least a significant portion of their land borders open for freight. Two thirds have implemented special trade and transport facilitation measures. Rail played a vital link for the movement of essential goods and medical supplies.*

    *Based on ESCAP survey on Freight Transport Policy Responses to COVID-19 and inventory of policy responses to COVID-19

    7

  • 5. Business Facilitation and Trade Finance

    • Supporting MSMEs: as a priority in business financial support packages; implemented measures to enable MSMEs to gain easier access to trade-related information and foreign buyers

    • Global and regional efforts: • Joint statement declaring a global crisis in trade

    finance amid the pandemic and called for urgent actions to address it (WTO, IFC, EBRD, ADB, AfDB, ITFC, IDB Invest)

    • ADB increased the Trade and Supply Chain Finance Program (TSCFP)

    8

  • Building Back Better

    9

    Coordination Digitalization Harmonization Partnership

    PILLARS

    Mobilizing existing trade and transport facilitation (TTF) mechanisms including bilateral and regional agreements

  • Pillar 1: CoordinationImproving cross-border procedures

    Facilitating border formalities:• Keeping borders open for freight with

    “green lanes”• Implementing expedited protocols for

    entry and exit screening and testing• Leveraging innovative forms of border-

    crossing formalities • Identifying and according priority to the

    clearance and transportation of essential supplies

    Enhancing institutional actions• Strengthening national and regional TTF

    institutional mechanisms, e.g. customs • Bolstering research and analysis on

    contracts for international carriage of goods, land and multimodal transport

    10

  • CAREC Integrated Trade Agenda 2030 and Rolling Strategic Action Plan 2018–2020

    GMS Transport and Trade Facilitation Action Program

    SASEC Trade Facilitation Strategic Framework

    Priority lanes and exclusive counters at customs border checkpoints; minimum inspection and simplified submission of documentary requirements

    Fast-track priority lane/eco-friendly lane/green channel; accelerate deployment and implementation of GMS Road Transport Permit; electronic customs clearance

    Earmarking separate lanes for priority handling and release of critical goods; expeditious clearance of medicines and other critical goods

    Developing national single windows and improving border crossing points (RIBS projects)

    Extending single-window inspection for goods traffic at selected border crossing points (border of Viet Nam and Lao PDR)

    Cross-border trade facilitation routes initiative/border crossing pairs

    CAREC Customs Cooperation Committee (CCC) and cross-border joint inspections

    GMS National Transport Facilitation Committee/Joint Committee for the GMS Cross-Border Transport Agreement (CBTA)

    SASEC Trade Facilitation Working Group; SASEC Customs Subgroup

    Pillar 1: Coordination

  • Pillar 2: DigitalizationRobust technical infra and end-to-end digital processes

    12

    Accelerating use of ICT and paperless trade• National and regional single windows• Electronic exchange of trade-related

    documentsFramework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-Border Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific

    • Common set of general principles

    • Dedicated intergovernmental platform for cross-border paperless trade

    Promoting Smart Transport Connectivity

    • Asian Highway Network

    • Trans-Asian Railway Network

    • Subregional Transport Corridors

  • Harmonized electronic system for goods in transit (CAREC Advanced Transit System and Information Common Exchange)

    Electronic customs transit systems in economic corridors; digital tracking through technologies such as blockchain,on-board mass, and radio frequency identification

    Electronic cargo tracking system to facilitate transport and transit

    National single windows in place (TAJ and AZE) or in development (KGZ and MON) to enable digital and paperless processing

    Single stop inspection National single windows and use of blockchain technology

    Framework for E-commerce development and promotion of cross-border paperless trade

    Cross-border E-commerce cooperation platform

    Enhanced use of automation, ranging from electronic submission of declarations to machine-based release of consignments; duties and fees collected through e-payments; paperless processes to cover entire customs clearance process; zero contact cargo clearance procedures

    Pillar 2: Digitalization

  • Pillar 3: Harmonization• Incorporating pandemic-related provisions in

    regional trade agreements (RTAs)• ESCAP Policy Hackathon and online

    repository: development of model provisions that could plug the gaps in existing RTAs, promote cooperation and predictability in times of future crises and build resilience in the post-pandemic future.

    • Formulation of proposals for crisis-response provisions in regional and bilateral transport agreements and/or elaboration of a model bilateral agreement with insertion of such recommended clauses

    14

  • 15

    Cross-border transport agreements for commercial freight and passenger operations

    Cross-Border Transport Facilitation Agreement/Early Harvest

    Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and Nepal (BBIN) Motor Vehicle Agreement

    Implementation of global agreements to standardize/harmonize processes -Implementation of WTO TFA

    Implementation of WCO RKC and WTO TFA

    Publication and notification of trade facilitation measures to WTO and WCO.

    Pillar 3: Harmonization

    Pillar 3: Harmonization

  • Pillar 4: PartnershipEngaging the private sector to respond to COVID-19

    • Roles of private sector:• Support resilient trade recovery, including

    smart solutions and digital platforms for public services

    • Enhance information flows• Develop and implement business continuity

    plans• Ensure supply chain connectivity

    Building back better requires strengthened partnership between public and private sectors through coordinated and streamlined regional

    response to fuel resilient recovery and development across borders.

    16

  • CAREC Federation of Carrier and Forwarder Associations/Corridor Performance Measurement and Monitoring (CPMM) mechanism

    GMS Freight Transport Association under the GMS Business Forum

    CAREC Business Development Forum

    GMS Business Council; GMS Private Sector Forum; Mekong Tourism Forum; public-private forums

    Authorized economic operators; Silk Road Air Pass Proposal

    Authorized economic operators;Customs-Business partnership

    Authorized economic operators

    Pillar 4: Partnership

  • CONCLUSIONS AND WAY FORWARD• Need for more resilient and efficient cross-border

    transport and trade connectivity and facilitation via greater regional cooperation

    • Greater involvement of multilateral and national agencies in trade finance

    • Important role of national and regional coordination bodies, and agreements

    National trade facilitation committees (NTFCs) Framework Agreement on Facilitation of Cross-Border

    Paperless Trade in Asia and the Pacific Intergovernmental agreements on the Asian Highway

    and the Trans-Asian Railway Networks18


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