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Czech Hydrometeorological Institute
Assessment of air pollution by cadmium
CZECH REPUBLICEMEP Heavy metal case study
Milan Váňa, Pavel Machálek
+ MSC-E
EMEP TFMM meeting, 17-19.4.2012 Gozo, Malta
General benefit for CR
To use the modelling capacity of MSC-E for more detailed analyzes of measured data from the Czech national monitoring network. The study is focused on cadmuim, reference year 2007.
Data reporting
• Air concentration – data reported – Feb 2010• Precipitation – data reported – Feb 2010• Throughfall – data reported – Feb 2010• Metadata about stations – March 2010• Emissions – May 2010• Meteorological data from the Czech network –
May 2010• Soil data reported – Sept 2010
Bilateral meetings1st Bilateral meeting 15 - 16th April 2010 • Definition of general aim of the study for The Czech Republic
•Time schedule of activities within the study
2nd bilateral meeting 3 - 4th March 2011 •Main task: to present and summarize the existing results and to define the tasks for the upcoming phase of the study.
3rd bilateral meeting 8 - 9th December 2011 •To present and summarize preliminary results and to prepare the time schedule for joint report focused on heavy metal case study for the Czech Republic.
•Identification of remaining problems to be solved:
Analysis of Cd pollution in the Czech Republic
13th TFMM meeting, April 2012 Gozo
Concentrations and deposition with 5x5 km resolution based on national emission data
Evaluation of modelled Cd levels against measurements
Comparison of modelled meteorological parameters with observations
Selection of priority stations for analysis (8 of 74)
Investigation of influence of spatial resolution on pollution levels
Collection of national data (emission, monitoring, ….)
Atmospheric modelling
Analysis of the results
Improved assessment of pollution levels
General scheme of the case study
Usage of supporting information (measurements in mosses) for evaluation of spatial distribution
Assimilation of meteorological data from national synoptic stations
Recent activities
Modelled Cd air concentrations
Finer resolution
- priority monitoring stations
- other monitoring stations
50x50 km 5x5 km
50x50 km 5x5 km
Modelled Cd total deposition
TASKS
Contributions of administrative regions
Contributions of source categories (NFR) to pollution levels
Contributions of large point sources to pollution (1A1, 1A2)
Contributions of neighbouring countries to pollution levels
Deposition from regions of a country
Annual deposition from sources of Ustecky region g/km2/y, in 2007
From Ustecky region
0
20
40
60
80
Uste
cky
Str
edocesky
Karlovars
ky
Lib
ere
cky
Plz
ensky
Kra
lovehra
decky
Jih
ocesky
Oth
er
De
po
sit
ion
, k
g/y
Deposition from Ustecky region to other regions of CZ
Annual deposition from sources of Moravskoslezsky regiong/km2/y, in 2007
Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 1A1a (Public electricity and heat production),
g/km2/y, 2007
Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 1A2a (Combustion in production of iron and steel )
g/km2/y, 2007
Annual deposition from sources of NFR category 2C1 (Iron and Steel production),
g/km2/y, 2007
Annual deposition from sources of category R1_TECHN (non-LPS technological sources),
g/km2/y, 2007
Contribution of source categories to deposition of Cd to regions of the Czech Republic
Ustecky
69%
2% 28%1%
Vysocina
42%
7%
19%
32%
Moravskoslezsky
8%
28%
58%
6%
Jihomoravsky
20%
13%
38%
29%
Cd deposition in CZ, 5x5 kmEnergy production Iron and Steel (combustion)
Iron and Steel production Other
Evaluation of transport from individual point sources (Czech Republic)
Source: Power station Chvaletice, 98 kg Cd per year
Cd deposition to administrative regions
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Hla
vn
i_m
esto
_P
rah
a
Jih
oce
sky
Jih
om
ora
vsky
Ka
rlo
va
rsky
Kra
love
hra
de
cky
Lib
ere
cky
Mo
ravsko
sle
zsky
Olo
mo
ucky
Pa
rdu
bic
ky
Plz
en
sky
Str
ed
oce
sky
Uste
cky
Vyso
cin
a
Zlin
skyT
ota
l d
ep
os
. to
re
gio
n, k
g / y
ea
r
External
National
Cd deposition flux to regions
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Hla
vn
i_m
esto
_P
rah
a
Jih
oce
sky
Jih
om
ora
vsky
Ka
rlo
va
rsky
Kra
love
hra
de
cky
Lib
ere
cky
Mo
ravsko
sle
zsky
Olo
mo
ucky
Pa
rdu
bic
ky
Plz
en
sky
Str
ed
oce
sky
Uste
cky
Vyso
cin
a
Zlin
sky
De
po
s. F
lux
to
re
gio
n, g
/km
2 /ye
ar External
National
Contribution of external emission sources of Cd to anthropogenic deposition in the Czech Republic
Depostion of Cd from countriesMoravskoslezsky region
Czech_Rep.35%
Poland41%
Slovakia16%
Austria1%
Other5%
Serbia1%
Russia1%
Vysocina region
Germany3%
Austria4%
Other16%
Serbia3%
Slovakia20%Poland
38%
Czech Rep.16%
Conclusions
• The emissions from the most polluted regions sources influence the whole north-western part of the Czech Republic (Ustecky) and north-eastern (Ostravsky) and caused significant transport to the border regions of Germany and Poland
• The high Cd concentrations and depositions from internal sources in the Ustecky region are mostly caused by emissions from power plants and heating, in the other hot spot (Moravskoslezský region) by iron and steel production and combustion during these activities.
Conclusions
• Strong contribution of external emission sources to the pollution levels by cadmium all over the Czech Republic, especially in the eastern part
General conclusion
• Spatial resolution of emission data is a key factor of improvement of quality of pollution assessment at national scale. Besides, emissions of neighbouring countries with fine resolution are highly important.
Conclusions for the Czech Republic
• The study give us opportunities to precise the measures for improvement of air quality strategies and policy in the polluted areas
• The results of EMEP HM case study will be used as one of the basis for the prepared heavy metal environmental strategy prepared by the Czech Ministry of Environment and for local authorities