Curriculum and Curriculum Development

7/29/2019 Curriculum and Curriculum Development

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CURRICULUM AND CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

Curriculum as a plan that consists of learning

opportunities for a specific time frame and place, a tool that

aims to bring about behavior changes in students as a result of

planned activities and includes all learning experiences

received by students with the guidance of the school. Curriculum

is most commonly known as the course syllabus, it may also be

the policy statement of one institution in education program.

It may also be the sum of all activities, experience and

learning opportunities that a student may get once they had

finished the course syllabus. Therefore, it is quite hard to

formulate own curriculum to have an effective teaching program.

It should be the fused force of the implementer and the teachers

or instructor to be effective and attain its goal. Implementing

the curriculum does not focus on the actual use but also on the

attitudes of those who implement it. These attitudinal

dispositions are particularly important in educational systems

where teachers and principals have the opportunity to choose

among competing curriculum packages.

The presentation of my classmate is good and they deliver

their report as if they are just telling stories with an

assurance that they will give us the retention of the important

points of the topic.


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LEARNING

Not everything is learned in school. Moreover, we learned

through our experiences. We learned the concept in schools but

we must know well how to analyzed it and practice it in daily

lives. Learning is acquiring new things and lessons, thus,

learning is an ongoing process that as we lived each day and as

we experienced new things we acquired new lessons or learning

We live and work in a changing world. New laws are

introduced that lead to the introduction of new policies. New

ideas and approaches emerge. New problems arise and new

solutions are sought. The world of work is therefore a

constantly moving and evolving one. What this means, then, is

that, if we are not constantly learning as we go about our day-

to-day business, then each day we are getting further and

further out of touch with the demands of the modern working

world.

Learning is not just important to ensure that we keep up-

to-date with developments in our particular field. It is also an

important source of motivation, stimulation and job

satisfaction. Learning should therefore be seen as something

positive and worthwhile in its own right, not just something

that we have to do to meet other people's expectations of us.

Learning is therefore important because it helps us to keep in


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tune with trends and developments in our own field. It provides

stimulation and job satisfaction and also helps to keep us on

our toes to make sure that we do not become blas and thus more

likely to make mistakes. Learning should therefore not be seen

as an additional burden on top of what is already perhaps a

heavy workload, but rather something to be welcomed as a means

of dealing as effectively as possible with that heavy workload.

Some may think that learning is a luxury for a few

individuals or learning should be concerned with our early

years. It should be looked at as something well beyond formal

schooling. It encompasses our entire life cycle.

Recognize that lifelong learning is a journey with no end

in sight and that no one can ever have all the answers. We must

have the humility or willingness to learn from others. In other

words, learn from the experts. We will never live long enough to

learn it all on our own.

The conscious pursuit of learning, just like excellence is

what really counts. We must accept the fact that change is

inevitable. We must all thrive on change and never be

intimidated by it. Change is the result of a willingness to try

out new approaches, observe the results, and to include the

feedback into new initiatives.


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Learning allows us to stay ahead of the game. If you don't

render yourself obsolete someone else will, like your employer.

It's the price innovators will gladly pay for staying ahead of

everyone else. In order for you to create the new results you

want in your life, learning is a path you must be willing to

take. It provides the opportunities to continually expand your

capacity.

MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Management process composed of planning, organizing,

controlling and directing. Management process has several aims

or goal, it may be to achieve continuity of care, to work


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collaboratively with patients and others and to achieve a

holistic care.

Management is a broad area that needs the goal to reach or

attain. It needs to work with the people and other

organizational resources. A manager must be a highly effective

in different components of management process because if the

manager fails in one component, the goal will not be attain or

somehow the goal may be reach but not in satisfactory level.

All managers use human relation skills because they

accomplish work through people. Human relations skills include

motivation, leadership and communication skills. The degree to

which each is used varies with the nature of the position, scope

of responsibility, work activity, and number, types and skills

of subordinates.

A manager must be good in human relations skill and they

must know how to be a well mediator between its subordinates and

the administrator.

APPROACHES TO CURRICULUM DESIGN

There are different approaches in developing the

curriculum. Well known educators developed approaches which

guide the implementer in making a strategic curriculum plan. In


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this topic, the lecturer focuses on four approaches in

curriculum.

The subject-centered curriculum can be focused on

traditional areas in the traditional disciplines. It involves

processes such as problem solving. A curriculum can also be

organized around a subject center by focusing on certain

processes, strategies, or life-skills, such as problem solving,

decision making, or teamwork. In the Philippines, our curricula

in any level is also divided in different subjects or courses.

Most of the schools using this kind of structure aim for

excellence in the subject matter content.

Problem-centered curriculum, or problem based learning,

organizes subject matter around a problem, real or hypothetical,

that needs to be solved. Problem-centered curriculum is

inherently engaging and authentic, because the students have a

real purpose to their inquiry -- solving the problem.

The child-centered curriculum or it might be called as

learner-centered curriculum. Hence, the child or the student is

the learner that is the main focus of the curriculum. Child-

centered on certain aspects of the learners themselves. It may

explore the learners own life or family history or local

environment.


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Human Relations-Centered Curriculum focuses on the human

relations are learned. The implementer of the curricula focuses

on the problem that the child experience in their daily lives.

It uses the available resources and different diagnostic

technique.

NURSING MANAGEMENT: PLANNING

Planning is the first task of the manager in order to

attain the goal or specific objective of one institution. A

manager must be very detailed in planning, and a keen observant


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in everything that is happening. A manager must also a

forecaster and he or she has a lot of ideas that would never

end. Hence planning is a difficult phase in nursing management.

An important aspect of planning is forecasting, a process which

includes assessing the present situation, identifying its

weaknesses, recognizing the driving forces in the environment,

constructing possible alternative future scenarios, identifying

the preferred future, developing of action, implementing the

plan, and evaluating the implementation.

Planning is based on objectives. Simplification and

standardization characterized it. In other words, first and

foremost good plans are based on objectives, they must be

simple, they must have standards, must be flexible, must be

balanced and must use available resources.

There are different activities in planning that a manager

must do. the activities of planning as assessment by collection,

classification, analysis, interpretation, and translation of

data; strategic planning; development of standards,

identification of needs and priority setting; management by

objectives; and formulation of policies, rules, regulations,

methods, and procedures.

Planning requires decision making, that is, choosing future

courses of action from among alternatives. In the practice of

nursing, for example, planning includes collection, analysis,


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and organization of many kinds of data that will be used to

determine both the nursing care needs of patients and the

management plans that will provide the resources and processes

to meet these needs.


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STAFFING

Staffing is not merely giving the staff nurses the schedule

of their duties. However, it is a complex process that should be

properly and carefully done by the senior nurse or the chief

nurse. It is a process wherein you should be giving a right

nursing care which is to be render at the right schedule. It is

giving the right number of nurses in one schedule that would fit

in the demands of the patients.

Planning is the major leadership role in staffing and is

often a neglected part of the staffing process. Because the

success of many staffing decisions greatly depends on previous

decisions made in planning and organizing phases, one must

consider staffing when making other plans. Consideration must be

given to the type of patient care management used, the education

and knowledge level of the staff to be recruited, budget

constraints, the historical background of staffing needs and

availability, and the diversity of the patient population to be

served. Accurate predicting staffing needs is valuable

management skill because it enables the manager to avoid

staffing crises. Managers should know the source of their

nursing pool, how many students are currently enrolled in local

nursing schools, the usual length of employment of new hires,


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peak staff resignation periods, and times when patient census is

highest. Analyzing historical patterns, using computers to sort

personnel statistics and keeping accurate unit records are

example of proactive planning.

Nursing principles requires that staffing levels consider the

proper staff mix of experience and knowledge required for

patient care. Staffing should include a mix of nursing

management support, registered nurses and nursing support staff.

Clinical support must be available to support and enhance skills

of nurses with less experience, and executive and operational

level support should be accessible at all times.


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JOB DESCRIPTION

The topic was well discussed by Mr. Ryan, it is very important

for us to know the right job description that will suite in our

profession. It is important to discuss this kind of topic for us

since we are all novice nurses. And as I observed, some of the

employees were doing a lot of things that were not included in

their job description.

All employees like to know what is expected of them and how they

will be evaluated. Job descriptions can also be a great value to

employers. Creating a job description often results in a thought

process that helps determine how critical the job is, how this

particular job relates to others and identify the

characteristics needed by a new employee filling the role.

A job description typically outlines the necessary skills,

training and education needed by a potential employee. It will

spell out duties and responsibilities of the job. Once a job

description is prepared, it can serve a basis for interviewing

candidates, orienting a new employee and finally in the

evaluation of job performance. Using job descriptions is part of

good management.

Using job descriptions will help an organization better

understand the experience and skill base needed to enhance the


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success of the company. They help in the hiring, evaluation and

potentially terminating of employees. All too often, there is a

misunderstanding of what a position entails and a well-prepared

job description can help both sides share a common

understanding.

After discussing the topic, now I learned more about the what

includes in the job description or what are the components of

the job description. It should contain a brief and well defined

summary statement. Functions of the position which is most

lengthy since it will detail all the functions of the required

position. It also includes the attributes needed for the

position, reporting, evaluating the criteria, compensation and

as well as the physical location and surroundings.

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Curriculum and Curriculum Development