Cultrual Diversity--Punjab Culture (2)

8/10/2019 Cultrual Diversity--Punjab Culture (2)

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PunjabMap of India


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PunjabThe Land of the

Sikhs
http://www.webindia123.com/punjab/land/land.htmhttp://www.webindia123.com/punjab/land/land.htm


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Demographics of Punjab

Area: 50,362 sq Km

Capital: Chandigarh

Language: Punjabi

Districts: 17

Population : 20,281,969

Males : 10,695,136

Females : 9,495,659

Literacy : 57.14%


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Places of Interest in Punjab

Amritsar-Sacred city of the Sikhs, The GoldenTemple, Gardens, Fort, Museums.

TaranTaran-Sikh Shrine.

Dera BabaNanak/Govindwal/Kiratpur-Sikh pilgrim center.

Pathankot-Gateway to Jammu and Kashmirand the Valleys of Himachal.

Patiala- Palace and Museum, National

Institute of Sports. Major Towns-Chandigarh, Amritsar, Patiala,

Ludhiana, Jalandhar.


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Location

Punjab is in Northern India and east side ofPakistan. It has a long history and rich culturalheritage.

Punjab is said to have derived its name from thefive rivers that flow through it. The Indus, Ravi,Beas, Sutlej and Ghaggar rivers. Pung meansfive and aab means water so Punjab means fivewaters.

The people of Punjab are called Punjabis andspeak the language called Punjabi.


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The people of this state are very hospitable,enterprising and industrious. Today, this is oneof the most developed states in India. Thecontribution of Punjab in the field of "greenrevolution", industrial development, sports and

armed forces has been unique and unparalleled.Punjab is dotted with places of historical andcultural interest.

This land is inhabited by the brave people who

fought battles with invaders for centuries, andis very aptly called "Sher-e-Punjab" or the landof lions.

People


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The Sikh Religion

A progressive religion well ahead of its timewhen it was founded over 500 years ago, TheSikh religion today has a following of over 20million people worldwide and is ranked as

the worlds 5th largest religion. Sikhismpreaches a message of devotion andremembrance of God at all times, truthfulliving, equality of mankind and denouncessuperstitions and blind rituals. Sikhism is

open to all through the teachings of its 10Gurus enshrined in the Sikh Holy Book, SriGuru Granth Sahib.


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Place of worship

The Sikh place of worship iscalled a gurdwara, whichmeans house of God.

Wherever Sikhs go, theybuild a gurdwara as a place toworship and meet each other.

Sri Harimandir Sahib,commonly referred to as the"Golden Temple," is theworld's most famousgurdwara.


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Sikhs Articles of FaithSikhs have a way to show their commitment to their religion:they wear five articles of faith, called kakkars or "5 K's." Many

Sikhs who have not taken amrit (similar to baptism) do notkeep all five. Almost all Sikhs wear the kara, or silver bangle.These are the 5 K's:Kachhera:The kachhera, a cotton undergarment, remindsSikhs of their modesty.

Kanga:The kanga, a small wooden comb, representscleanliness and taking care of yourself.Kara:The kara, a steel bangle, is worn on the wrist. Since weuse our hands for almost everything we do, the bracelet is aconstant reminder of good deeds.

Kes:The kes, long uncut hair, has become the most visibleway to identify Sikhs. Sikhs do not cut their hair in order tomaintain the way their bodies were given to them. Most menand some women wrap their long hair in a turban. Almost allpeople you see wearing turbans in the United States are Sikhs.Kirpan:The kirpan, a small religious sword, represents acommitment to justice.


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Names

Middle NameOne of the Sikh gurus, Guru Gobind Singh,wanted to promote equality and unity between allSikhs. So he gave all Sikh women the name "Kaur,"

meaning daughter of kings and all Sikh men thename, "Singh," meaning lion.Last NameThe last name usually signifies a family tradition.

Many Sikhs, especially in the U.S., choose not touse their family names and instead use "Singh" or"Kaur" as their last name.


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Food

Imagine a table of steel plates and saucers full of richspicy dishes vegetables and meats and yogurts andbreads. Punjabi main dishes use rich masalas, or spices,cooked with ghee, or butter. Punjabis cook vegetables,

meat and lentils in the spices and serve them with rice ora flatbread called roti, similar to tortillas. To help easethe spices, they serve a side dish of yogurt or a glass ofbuttermilk. Punjabis usually drink hot milky chai, or tea,

with every meal.


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Clothing

Punjabi Girls.Punjabi girls traditionally wearsalwar kameezwith bright colored chunnis. Thesalwar kameez has two pieces: the kameez, or longshirt, and salwar, or pants. A chunni is a long

colorful cloth that women wear around their necks.Some clothes are simple and made out of cotton, andsome are elaborate made out of silk. Though somewomen wear turbans, most use a long thin scarf tocover their heads.


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Clothing

Punjabi Boys.Punjabi men and boys wear loosepants or slacks with a collared shirt or t-shirt.Some also wear a kurta pajama, a shirt and pantoutfit which is very popular amongst Punjabi

farmers. On their heads, many Sikh men wearturbans, called pagris. Sikh boys wear apatka,or a small cloth that wraps around their head,and then choose to wear the turban when theyget older.


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Examples of Clothing

Salwar KameezKurta Pajama


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Music and Dance Bhangra is a lively form of music and dance that

originated in Punjab. As many Bhangra lyrics reflectthe long and often tumultuous history of Punjab,

knowledge of Punjabi history offers important

insights into the meaning of the music. While

Bhangra began as a part of harvest festivalcelebrations, it eventually became a part of such

diverse occasions as weddings and New Year

celebrations. Moreover, during the last thirty years,

Bhangra has enjoyed a surge in popularity

worldwide, both in traditional form and as a fusion

with genres such as hip-hop and reggae.


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Bhangra


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Fairs and Festivals


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Baisakhi is celebrated on the 13th of April every year, marking the

new year of Punjab. In Punjab, a primarily agricultural area, this

day is especially important as it commemorates the first day of

harvest. The fields are full and beautiful with nature's bounty, all

ready to be cut and collected on this day. Traditionally, the men

and women perform Bhangra and Giddha to the pounding rhythmof the dhol (drum).

Baisakhi


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Lohri marks the end of winter, celebrated on the 13th ofJanuary. This festival is celebrated as a harvest fair, marked with

gaiety and feasting. This festival commemorates more than the

harvest, though; it honors the spirit of Punjab. The day that follows

Lohri is an auspicious one for the Sikh community. It is the first

day of the Punjabi month called 'mangh' or 'manghi'. This is a

holy month, and it is honored with 'daan-punya' (acts of physical

and material charity). In the Sikh community, clothes worn the

night before, are given away and all the young girls receive

'punya' in the form of money.

Lohri

G b


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Anniversaries associated with the lives of Sikh Gurus are

referred to as Gurpurabs

Gurpurab literally means 'festival of the guru'. The Sikhs celebrate10 Gurpurabs in a year.All Gurpurabs are considered auspicious

and important but special significance is accorded to the birth

anniversary of Guru Nanak, the founder of the Sikh religion. This

falls in the month of Kartik (October / November).

Gurpurabs


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Education in Punjab

A uniform structure of school education

the 10+2 system has been adopted.

Minimum age for admission to class 1 in

primary school is generally 5+ years.

The medium of instruction is Hindi, Punjabi

and English.


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School Structures

In India there are three different types of

schools. They are all boys, all girls, or co-

ed schools.

Depending on the families, boys and girls

may sometimes work together on projects.

Boarding schools are also common

throughout India.


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Teachers

Teachers are respected a great deal inIndia.

They are respected in the same way

Gurus are. Teachers praise the kids in the same ways

as here.

Barriya means good Shabaash means very good.

Bahut Acchha means very nice.


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Example of grading scale in India

O- : 90% and above

A+ : 80% to 89%

A : 70% to 79%

B+ : 60% to 69%

B : 50% to 59%

C+ : 45% to 49%

C : 40% to 44%

D : Below 40%

Mota Singh Senior Elementary School


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Punjabi language

Punjabi is a language (what we speak).

Gurmukhi is a script (how we write

Punjabi)

In the Punjabi language, the total number

of alphabets are 40, vowels are

10,consonants are 5 and dependent

vowels (Matraas) are 10.


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Punjabi Language

Gurmukhi script is written from left to write, andread from left to right.

Paragraphs have indentions.

Various letters/sounds in the Punjabi alphabethave no English equivalents.

Sentences are written with the subject first,sentence parts in the middle, and the verb last.

Helping verbs such as to be are not usuallyused in Punjabi.

There is no capitalization of words.


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Some differences between English and Punjabi language

In Punjabi: 1. We use one word for 'is' and 'are'.

2. One word for 'was' and 'were'.

3. One word for 'between,'among' and 'into'.

4. One word for 'it' and 'this'.

5. One word for 'down,'below' and 'under'. 6. One word for 'he' and 'she,or 'his' and 'her'. Gender is

identified by the verb.

7. One word for 'has' and 'have'. Singular or Plural are identifiedby verb.

8. One word for 'at', 'on, 'above', 'up' and 'over'.

9. One word for 'do' and 'does'.

10. One word for 'will' and 'shall'.


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Punjabi/Hindi words used in English

Many Punjabi/Hindi words are used in Englishtoday.

Some words were borrowed because theysounded different and trendy likepundit, guru,and dharma.

The Punjabi word khand,meaning sugar lump,is a likely origin for the word candy.

Currently the Oxford English Dictionary lists over700 words of Indian origin.


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Structure/Vocabulary

Structure - Grammar of Punjabi is similar to

Hindi and Urdu with some relatively minor

differences.

Vocabulary - Like Hindi and Urdu, Punjabi has asubstantial number of loan words from Arabic

and Persian.


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Genders Punjabi Language has 2 genders - masculine

and feminine. The masculine and feminine

genders are not only decided by the sex (as for

humans or animals) but also by the size and

usage. Larger inanimate objects are denoted bythe masculine form, smaller by the feminine.

Genders of inanimate objects are denoted by

the word ending, i.e. an object ending in a is

masculine, e.g. kamra (room), while an objectending in i is feminine, e.g. kursi (chair).


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Difficult Sounds

The following may be difficult for Punjabi speakers:

Frank fixes fine furniture.

Bring the ping pong ball.

Set those three thick tree trunks on the trunk.

Chelsea shouldnt choose chocolate cakes. Which show will we watch?

Put the pot of peppers on the back porch.

Martha thoroughly thought these things through.

I wouldnt want to wear wool in warm weather.

Does he pet the cat on the head or on the back?


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Difficult Sounds

Ch (chin) w (water) F (foot) x (extra)

Ng (ring) a (man)

P (pot) e (egg)

Q (queen) I (sit)

Th (thin) o (hot)

Th (then) u ( up)

V (vote)


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The culture of Punjab is unique. Punjabis show a

zest for life. They are known for their hard work andbravery. They do well in all types of work, from

farming to information technology.
http://www.sawf.org/newedit/edit11122001/msmela2.jpg

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Cultrual Diversity--Punjab Culture (2)