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This work grew largely from practice-oriented research carried out in an Egyptian context.
It investigates the complex process of transferring the collaborative planning model to the Egyptian context, focusing on Zifta City as a case study
The appreciation of the history and the cultural values that characterise a new context, and the relevance of jointly developing knowledge that is of benefit to humankind, must be acknowledged.
What is ‘context’?◦ the institutional structure of a society and the
associated cultural values inherited from the history of that society and still guiding the function of its daily routine.
Planning has lent legitimacy to the development of society through the application of different theories and practices
With its embodied concepts and values, planning influences the direction of change that a society may achieve
consideration of the context specificity is particularity essential
Adopts a proactive approach, examining the practical and theoretical potential imbued in a new context
An exogenous planning model has to be re-contextualized and landed in a new context through its assimilation with that context’s history and cultural values
Define ‘knowledge’ as a concept and investigate the epistemological questions surrounding knowledge in general◦ the way in which knowledge is acquired “possibility,
limits, origin, structure, methods and validity or truth of knowledge”
The role of ‘cultural awareness’ of the new place ◦ Knowing through dialogue◦ Knowing from experiences◦ Learning from local knowledge◦ Learning to read symbolic and non-verbal evidence◦ Learning through contemplative or appreciative
knowledge◦ Learning-by-doing, or action planning
HEALEY’S COLLABORATIVE PLANNING MODEL◦ Prerequisite Conditions of Collaborative Planning
Core Concepts of the Collaborative Planning Model
◦ Stakeholders, rights and duties Practical guide on how to lead in a shared-power environment Learning-by-doing generate local knowledge Appreciative inquiry
◦ Rules of communication – Habermasian ideas◦ Consensus building◦ The role of religion – A recent reflection from Habermas◦ Understanding the social system - Giddens’ theory◦ Building capacity for institutional change◦ The role of planner
Examine the planning thinking in the new context (historical overview)
Urban Conditions in the Egyptian Cities
Analytical Framework for the Practice of Collaborative Planning in Zifta
◦ As a researcher, I engaged in working with this analytical framework during the empirical case (which formed an essential part of my thesis).
◦ This engagement benefitted from my second role – being a practitioner and leading the Zifta Demonstration Project, designing the planning process, making good spaces to involve stakeholders, managing meetings, solving problems, and producing a strategic plan for Zifta.
◦ My dual roles – researcher and practitioner – overlapped and fed into each other through their reciprocal relationship,
Where is Zifta now?
Dec 05 Jan 06 Apr 06 May 06 Jun 06 Oct 06 Jan 07 May 07
What does Zifta Want?
Situational analysis Contextual mapping
Understanding features of the
society
Stakeholders
Consensus Building
Zifta Vision
Formal Approval
Governorate
Project Initiation Planning Team
Identification
Concretisation
Mobilisation
Public
approval Zifta
Theme 1
Theme 4...
Theme 2
Theme 3
Zifta
discovers itself
Asset Mapping
Local/technical knowledge
Knowledge transfer in various directions
How to get there?
Getting out
Getting on Getting in
Entry Point City Council
Kick‐off Seminar Urban situation Workshop
Visioning Workshop
Focus/thematic groups
Asset Mapping Workshop
Sept 07
Expe
rt Kno
wledge
Local K
nowledge
Getting local commitment
Local initiativesGreening Zifta
Refurbishing a district ‐ pilot Participatory Budgeting
Local initiativeVision Questionnaire Indigenous Knowledge
Formalising the informal initiatives
Zifta Strategic Plan Committee
Getting Started
time Line
ThematicWorkshops
Approval Popular Council
Workshop
Approval Governor/GOPP
Seminar
Figure 1 - Learning-oriented planning process elaborated for the purpose of the thesis
Kick‐off Seminar
The formal interactions practiced by the city and popular councils (characterisedby inefficiency, non-implementable rules, reductions in welfare services provisions, limited resources and corruption); and,
The informal interactions practised by locally based organisations(characterised by collective economic activities such as the Friday Market, different charitable forms, family-based economic activities, and interdependence that provides mutual support among the actors of the informal sectors). The functioning mechanism of the informal is guided by the society’s cultural values, which determine the rules and the ways of distributing resources in charitable forms or basic welfare services as practised by the citizens.
Social Values Associated with Zifta’sInstitutional Structure ◦ The reciprocal and mutual role of the individual, the
family and the society; and, ◦ The social terms associated with communication
patterns, and their role in establishing and fostering dialogue between the members of the society.
Incorporating the Identified Values in the Process Helped to Build Consensus
Collective Memory Contributed to Building Consensus
Social Values Associated with city Institutional Structure Incorporating the Identified Values in the ProcessIdentification of characteristics of the city context
The vision should play an important role in guiding the formulation of Zifta’s strategic plan, allowing Zifta’s people to look positively upon and share a common view of their future so that they can work towards achieving it
Design learning‐
oriented planning process;
Set conditions to balance existing power relation;
analysis of stakeholders’ matrix
Incorporating of social values in collaborative planning processes enables communication, fosters interactions & builds consensusConstruction of different types of knowledge that transferred in various directions – interaction with the new planning knowledge
Zifta Context Influences the Practice of Collaborative Planning
Actio
n Re
searcher ´s & Experts´ K
nowledg
e
Joint d
evelop
men
t of local Kno
wledg
e
Time Line
Informal system (economic, housing; welfare services, etc...) filled the gap left by the formal system. Local assets & associated values guide Zifta to plan for
‘hope out of failure’
Identification of Potential focus areas for technical surveys
Vision and Knowledge guide the formulation
of thematic development
Important memories; live experiences
created sense of Shared meaning
Transformative dimensions
demonstrated through different Local Initiatives Citizens discovered
themselves
Appreciative Inquiry, Zifta
Asset mapping
Zifta Vision formulated by its citizens
Election of ‘Zifta Strategic Plan Committee’
Zifta socio‐economic relation with the
surrounding villages
Participants Integrate
Personal roles
Questioning Planners´ role – Shadow Experts
Characters of reciprocal
trustworthiness between citizens
City council from citizens´ views Non‐efficient formal system
Development priorities are questioned
Financial Capital flow out of Zifta
Planning challenges; Zifta is ‘better’ for ‘whom’; reset
development priorities
Social values shape the
communicative patterns
Building of local
institutional capacity
How things are done in the reality? Assets Mapping Zifta Vision Integrate local/Expert knowledge in Zifta Strategic Plan Getting Started Where is Zifta now? How to get there?
Mili
eu o
f Pra
ctic
e or
ien
ted
res
earc
h
Mutual role between the ‘individual’,
‘family’ & the society’
Building institutional capacity – advantage of planner working at multilevel of rules
Figure 1 - Typology of transfer of knowledge in various direction
What does Zifta Want?
Identify the characteristics of Zifta context; situational definition of lifeworld; structure of the society and the type of relation between
rules, sources and agency
Visualization techniques; Delphi
method Visionning Process
Urban situational analysis ‘SWOT’
Technical interpretation of Zifta Vision – Incorporate local knowledge in technical study
Epistemological Concerns
Practical Concerns – An opportunity to develop knowledge
Theoretical Concerns – Egyptian social philosophy may contribute to planning knowledge