CSIRO House Style (Feb 2010)

CSIRO PUBLISHING House Style Guide

Last updated February 2010


Introduction This guide has been produced to assist those who are preparing manuscripts for publication by CSIRO PUBLISHING. If you are submitting a paper to one of our journals you should also read the ‘Notice to Authors’ for that journal, published in the first issue of each volume and on the journal’s website. A full list of CSIRO PUBLISHING journals is available at http://www.publish.csiro.au/journals. Spelling and punctuation In general, spelling follows The Concise Oxford Dictionary, with ‘ise’ spelling. Some common exceptions and problem spellings are listed in Appendix 1. Capitalisation, hyphenation, punctuation and abbreviations should be uniform

throughout. Hyphens should be used to join compound adjectives (e.g. mid-afternoon snack,

30-cm ruler, 3-year-old girl). Commas should be used to separate a phrase from the rest of the text; however, a

spaced en-dash may be used instead if necessary (e.g. The annual rainfall was 536 mm – up 56% from the previous year).

No capitals after a colon. Try to avoid the use of solidus between words by substituting ‘and’, ‘or’ or ‘–’. Quotation marks should be curved (i.e. “, not '') (make sure that the ‘smart quotes’

option in Word is turned on). If double parentheses are required, two sets of round parentheses should be used;

however, the use of double parentheses should be avoided wherever possible.

Thin spaces should be used either side of a colon for ratios (e.g. 6 : 25, waist : hip ratio)

The word ‘respectively’ does not need to have commas added around it. However, if the author has used commas then they do not need to be removed.

Units, abbreviations and symbols The International System of Units (SI) is to be used unless there is some particular problem associated with its adoption. If SI units are not quoted, the author must indicate the relationship between the units given and the official units. Centrifugation speeds must be stated in terms of ‘g’ not rpm (e.g. 2000g) and

temperature should be stated (e.g. 36C or 273 K). The symbol for molar concentration (mol/L) should be ‘M’ (not small caps). Negative exponents are preferred for units, unless stated otherwise in the journal’s

‘Notice to Authors’. However, an oblique stroke (the solidus) is an acceptable alternative for complex expressions if it is clearer to leave as such (e.g. µg/100 mL or pg/100 mg tissue). Note that ‘per’ is also acceptable in these instances (e.g. pg per 100 mg tissue).

Care should be taken to avoid the use of the double solidus (e.g. ‘W/m K’ or ‘W/m.K’ not ‘W/m/K’). Full points should not be used to separate symbols (e.g. ‘m kg s–1 A–1’).

Abbreviations such as ‘e.g.’, ‘i.e.’ and ‘etc.’ should be formatted in plain font rather than italics.

The abbreviations ‘v.’ and ‘ver.’ are both acceptable for ‘version’ (‘ver.’ is preferred).

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The abbreviations ‘v.’ and ‘vs’ are acceptable for ‘versus’ (‘vs’ or ‘versus’ is preferred).

Australian state and territory abbreviations are as follows: ACT, NSW, NT, Qld, SA, Tas., Vic., WA.

US state abbreviations follow the standard two-letter convention. Footnotes Footnotes should be avoided if possible, but when included they should be numbered and inserted in the text outside of punctuation, like so.1 In journals using the numbered Vancouver style of referencing, footnote symbols or uppercase letters should be used instead of numbers to avoid confusion. Numbers Presentation of numbers depends to some extent on the context; however, the following general guidelines should be followed. Spell out whole numbers less than 10 but use figures for 10 and over, except at the

beginning of a sentence or in instances when there is more than one number and the second number is not spelt out, e.g. 8 of 13 emus.

Use figures with all units and continuous variables (including units of time such as days, weeks and months).

Approximation should be expressed using the tilde symbol rather than the words ‘approximately’ (or abbreviations thereof), ‘about’ or ‘around’. There should be no space between the tilde and the related value (e.g. ~3 g).

‘ca.’ or ‘c.’ should not be used to express approximation of a value, but may be used to express uncertainty of a date.

A space should be inserted between figures and units, e.g. 2 h, 85 mm; however, there should be no space before percentage, degree symbols or centrifugal force in ‘g’ (e.g. 25%, 25°C, 2000g).

A space should be inserted on either side of mathematical operators when preceded and followed by a figure or a statistical indicator (e.g. 6 + 7, 50 2, 1.2 ± 0.5, P < 0.05) but not when the operator is preceded or followed by a figure only (e.g. –5.5, ±1, 50×, <2).

The mathematical symbol used to indicate multiplication should be ‘’ rather than ‘x’ or an asterisk.

There should be no spaces either side of a solidus (e.g. 2/23). There should be no spaces within geographic coordinates (e.g. 30°15′S, 25°75′E),

and prime symbols, not quotes, should be used to indicate minutes. All decimal quantities less than 1.0 should be preceded by a zero, and a full point

(not a comma) should be used to mark the decimal point (e.g. 0.952).

Digits should be grouped in threes, separated by thin spaces (e.g. 3 616 234), but a space should not be used when four digits only appear together (e.g. 4073).

Large numbers should be quoted in the index form to make their magnitude more obvious (e.g. 3.5 106).

Logarithmic expressions should be arranged in the format ‘log10(x)’, ‘loge(x)’ or ‘ln(x)’.

When stating a simple range, separate figures with an en-dash and do not repeat units, e.g. 1.5–2.0 mL. However, an en-dash should not be used with ‘from’ (e.g. from 50 to 100 mm) or with ‘between’ (e.g. between 30 and 50 people).

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Dates and time Abbreviations for units of time are as follows: h, hours; min, minutes; s, seconds.

‘Days’, ‘months’ and ‘years’ must be spelt out in full. When writing dates, the day should be followed by the month written in full and

then the year (e.g. 25 December 2006, 10 July to 4 September 1998). Ordinals (st, th, rd) should not be used and no punctuation is necessary.

For years, the following convention should be used: e.g. 1950s (not 50s, 50’s or 1950’s).

Year ranges should be expressed in the format XXXX–YY, where the two parts of the range are from the same century (e.g. 1983–96). Ranges spanning two centuries should be expressed in the format XXXX–YYYY (e.g. 1983–2003).

When stating time, the 24-h clock is preferred. In this instance, ‘hours’ should be spelt out in full (e.g. 1600 hours). If necessary, ‘a.m.’ and ‘p.m.’ may be used with the 12-h clock.

Trade names and trade marks Trade names for proprietary products should be capitalised (e.g. Vaseline). When using trade names, it is necessary to also cite the name and location of the

manufacturer (in parentheses) at first mention in the text only, providing enough information for the work to be replicated using the same materials.

It is not necessary to add TM or for trade marks as there is no legal requirement to include these symbols, but these may be included at first mention in the text.

For drug names, the generic name should be used instead of the trade mark name. If necessary, the trade mark name should appear in parentheses after the generic name, e.g. metformin (Glucophage).

Running heads An abridged title should be included for use as a running head at the top of the printed page (recto page of the printed paper). This abridged title must not exceed 50 characters (including spaces). The author’s initials and surname are used as the running head on the verso page, like so:

e.g. M. S. Chauhan (one author) M. S. Chauhan and P. Palta (two authors) M. S. Chauhan et al. (three authors or more)

Article type If the paper is not a research article, the article type should be given above the title. In the printed version, it will appear within a flag at the top outside corner of the page. Title The title must be typed on the first page of the manuscript. It should be as brief as possible consistent with its containing as many keywords as necessary to indicate the contents of the paper.

Left aligned, initial cap/lowercase, bold, no full point at end, no capital letter after colon

In vitro maturation of buffalo embryos: effects of oocyte quality Authors

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First names should be given in full if there is any chance of confusion with other authors having the same surname, otherwise it is acceptable to use initials only. Neither the academic qualifications nor the official positions of authors should be included. The name and address of the organisation to which the authors are attached should be placed immediately beneath their names. Superscript uppercase letters should be used to match author names with author addresses, and to match the corresponding author with his/her email address.

Author names: italic, left aligned, full point and space after each initial. Roman superscript uppercase letters (A, B, C…) after surname but before punctuation. Superscript letter following every name in multiauthor papers (even if all are from the same address). No penultimate comma.

James BrownA,D, John AndrewsA,B and Brigid F. SmithC

Author addresses: roman, left aligned, given in full with postcodes, full point at end. Roman superscript uppercase letters to indicate different institute affiliations or author’s ‘present address’ (not current address). The last letter is assigned to the corresponding author, whose email address is given in lowercase letters.

ADepartment of Biological Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. BPresent address: Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Bombay University, Bombay 678012, India. CDeceased. Formerly of Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. DCorresponding author. Email: [email protected] Note that if, for example, the deceased author formerly shared affiliation ‘A’ then ‘C’ would say ‘Deceased.’ and the author name would be followed by superscript ‘A,C’. Abstract An informative abstract suitable for use in secondary (abstracting) publications and services should precede the introductory section of all papers. Because it is not part of the paper, an abstract should be intelligible on its own; it should summarise the purpose, methodology, results and conclusions. It should not include unfamiliar terms, acronyms, trade names or abbreviations without explanation. It must not include references. The abstract may be more than one paragraph if necessary but should not exceed 250 words. Keywords If present, keywords not included in the title of the paper may be listed as ‘Additional keywords’.

Listed in alphabetical order, separated by commas, full point at the end. Additional keywords: oestrogen, retinol-binding protein, uterus. Headings In experimental papers the general order of headings should be as follows: Abstract, Introduction, Materials and methods (or Methods, depending on the context), Results, Discussion, Conclusions (if included), Acknowledgements, References, Appendix. The use of subheadings is governed by the length and complexity of subdivision – try to keep the number of levels to the minimum, ideally not more than three. In

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descriptive and taxonomic papers headings should conform to those used in the appropriate journal.

Heading format is as follows: Heading 1: Initial cap/lowercase, bold Heading 2: Initial cap/lowercase, italics Heading 3: Initial cap/lowercase, italics, indented Heading 4: Initial cap/lowercase, italics, indented, full point, em space, run on

text The first paragraph following a heading follows that heading with respect to indentation, i.e. paragraphs after headings 1 and 2, full left; paragraphs after heading 3, indented. Lists Lists within text should be numbered in parentheses, e.g. ‘(1) item one, (2) item two, and (3) item three’ or ‘(i) item one; (ii) item two; and (iii) item three’. Numbered lists set apart from the text should be formatted as follows: (1) List item one (2) List item two (3) List item three

Note that for simple lists punctuation is not required at the end of each item; however, full points or semicolons may be used if the list is more complex. Tables All tables should be inserted at the end of the text, following the reference list. They should be formatted in cells, not spaced using tabs, with no hard returns within cells. All tables must be referred to in the text, and should be numbered consecutively in the order that they are cited within the paper. Tables should be complete in themselves without reference to the accompanying text (see Table 1). Experimental details referring to the table as a whole, including abbreviations,

should be included in a headnote Experimental details relating to specific items in the table (not abbreviations)

should be given in footnotes, designated with uppercase letters (asterisks are acceptable only if used to denote levels of significance).

The first letter only of headings, rows and vertical columns should be capitalised. Data in first column should be full left (indentation allowed) and data in the other

columns should be centred. Where dashes are used to indicate missing data, en dashes should be used rather

than hyphens or em dashes. Units of measurement should be abbreviated appropriately and placed within

parentheses beneath the column headings. Units should be chosen to avoid the use of an excessive number of digits, e.g. 120 μg rather than 0.00012 g in the body of the table or exponential scaling factors (e.g. 10–3) in the headings. When scaling factors cannot be avoided they should be attached to the quantity rather than the unit (see Table 1).

Values within a column should have the same number of decimal places.

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When a portrait table runs on to the next page there should be a rule at the bottom of the first page with the words ‘Continued next page’ in italics. The continued table on the following page should have the word ‘Continued’ in italics.

Table 1. Comparison of concurrent and singly reared litters

Although female weight at 34 days was significantly different among the three groups

(ANCOVA, F2,32 = 3.63, P = 0.038), none of the post hoc pairwise comparisons detected any

significant differences. If an ANCOVA was used, this is indicated by an F in the statistic

column, whereas K-W refers to the Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric test. All values are

indicated as mean ± s.d. *P < 0.05; n.s., not significant

Variable Concurrent Singly reared Statistic P Gestation duration (days) 20.10 ± 0.32 20.69 ± 0.70 K-W2 = 5.3 0.08 n.s. Litter size 5.30 ± 1.83 5.00 ± 1.60 F2,46 = 0.25 0.78 n.s. Sex ratio (females/total) 0.44 ± 0.23 0.54 ± 0.22 F2,34 = 0.36 0.70 n.s. Female weight (g) 19 days 17.17 ± 1.11 18.29 ± 2.69 F2,34 = 0.26 0.77 n.s. 34 days 25.59 ± 0.99 28.23 ± 3.65 F2,32 = 3.63 0.04* 60 days 31.14 ± 4.04 33.44 ± 5.53 F2,31 = 2.75 0.08 n.s. Male weight (g) 19 days 17.97 ± 1.72 18.08 ± 2.27 F2,35 = 0.2 0.82 n.s. 34 days 32.10 ± 3.29 30.41 ± 4.18 F2,32 = 2.23 0.13 n.s. 60 days 43.93 ± 5.79 38.37 ± 7.17 F2,31 = 4.9 0.01* Total litter weight (g)A 87.72 ± 22.85 90.17 ± 24.45 F2,38 = 0.07 0.94 n.s. Female intra-litter variation (g) 2.79 ± 0.88 2.39 ± 1.00 F2,23 = 1.3 0.29 n.s. Male intra-litter variation (g) 2.82 ± 0.97 1.64 ± 1.60 F2,24 = 0.77 0.48 n.s. Growth rate females (g day–1) 0.77 ± 0.06 0.83 ± 0.14 F2,34 = 0.33 0.72 n.s. Growth rate males (g day–1) 0.81 ± 0.09 0.82 ± 0.12 F2,35 = 0.19 0.83 n.s. AIndividuals were weighed at the same time each day.

Note that citations to tables within another paper should use an initial lowercase, e.g. ‘as in their table 2 (Smith and Jones 2003).’

Figures All figures must be referred to in the text, and should be numbered consecutively in the order that they are cited within the paper. Electronic submission of figures is required. Photographs and line drawings should be of the highest quality and, if not created digitally, should be scanned at high resolution: photographs at 300 dpi at final size, saved as .jpg files; hand-drawn line drawings at least 600 dpi at final size, saved as .tif files. Colour figures must be submitted in CMYK format for printing purposes, not in RGB.

Computer-generated graphs and diagrams should be saved in one of the following formats: Excel, Powerpoint, encapsulated postscript (.eps), Adobe Illustrator (.ai), Windows metafiles (.wmf). In all cases they must be editable vector graphic files. Please contact the Production Editor of each journal for further information.

Figure citations within the text should be formatted as follows: start of sentence, ‘Fig. 1 shows…’; middle of sentence, ‘as can be seen in Figs 2 and 3’ or ‘Fig. 1a, c’ or ‘Fig. 2a–d’; end of sentence, ‘(Figs 3, 4)’ or ‘(Fig. 1a, c)’ or ‘(Fig. 2a–d)’. Note that citations to figures within another paper should use an initial lowercase, e.g. ‘as in their fig. 3 (Leon et al. 2005).’

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Figure layout Figures should be formatted as follows:

Single column: 85 mm. The figure legend is placed beneath the figure and should be as wide as the column itself.

Mid-column: 110 mm. The figure legend is placed beside the figure, centered between the top and bottom of the figure.

Double column: 175 mm. Figures that are 110–175 mm wide may be floated in double-column width. The figure legend is placed beneath the figure and should be slightly wider than the figure floating in the double-column space. For figures that are 175 mm wide, the figure legend should also be 175 mm wide.

Acknowledgements Acknowledgements should be placed under a separate heading immediately preceding the reference list. The names, initials and, where necessary, official positions of those mentioned should be included. It is not necessary to mention everyone who has been marginally involved in the work. References Cited papers and books should be listed under the heading ‘References’. Work that has not been accepted for publication should not be included but may be cited within the text, e.g. K. Evans and B. Gibson, unpubl. data. Note that if the author provides one name with ‘et al.’ they should be queried for names of other authors. Similarly, personal communications (pers. comm.) should be cited as such within the text. Internal technical reports, communications and memoranda are not valid references.

Within the text, references should be cited by the author’s name and date, as follows:

Various workers (Kenishi 1998; Spatz 2001; Alberts et al. 2006a, 2006b) found...

A comma is not used between the author’s name and the date of publication. The earliest work is reported first. Where two or more papers have the same author and date they are differentiated by

the letters a, b, c, ... after the date. A comma is inserted between dates referring to two papers by the same author. A semicolon is inserted between references to different authors.

Note that references in Australian Journal of Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry

and Sexual Health use the numbered Vancouver style of referencing – see the ‘Notice to Authors’ for each of these journals, published in the first issue of each volume and on the journal’s website (http://www.publish.csiro.au/journals).

Within the reference list, references should be listed in alphabetical order based on

the surname of the first author of each reference. No special rules apply to the ordering of reference in which the first author’s name

starts with ‘van’, ‘von’, ‘de’ or ‘Mc’ or similar – references should simply be put into alphabetical order (e.g. van Dyk comes after Upfield and before Washington, McDonald comes before Mithwright and after Macaffy; see examples below).

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References from the same author must be arranged in the following order: Single-authorship papers are listed first: if there are a few, these are listed

chronologically (if same year, then distinguished as 1993a, 1993b etc.); Dual-authorship papers are listed second: if there are a few, these are listed

alphabetically by second author (again, if same year, then distinguished as 1993a, 1993b etc.);

Multiple-authorship papers are listed third: if there are a few, these are listed chronologically (again, if same year, then distinguished as 1993a, 1993b etc.)

Examples

Boyd RL (2006) The development of murine T lymphocytes. Immunology Today, in press.

Harding R (1998) Development of the respiratory system. In ‘Textbook of Fetal Physiology’. (Eds GD Thorburn, R Harding) pp. 140–167. (Oxford University Press: New York)

Harding R, Hooper SB (2005) The lungs before birth. Today’s Life Sciences 5, 44–52.

Harding R, Liggins GC (2003) The influence of oligohydramnios on thoracic dimensions of fetal sheep. Journal of Developmental Physiology 16, 355–361.

Harding R, Hooper SB, Dickson KA (1998) A mechanism leading to reduced lung hypoplasia in fetal sheep during oligohydramnios. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 163, 1904–1913.

Harding R, Hooper SB, Baker VK (2000) Abolition of fetal breathing movements by spinal cord transection leads to reductions in fetal lung liquid volume, lung growth and IGF-II gene expression. Pediatric Research 34, 148–153.

Harding R, Dickson KA, Hooper SB (2004) Fetal breathing, tracheal fluid movement and lung growth. In ‘Advances in Fetal Physiology’. (Eds PD Gluckman, BM Johnston, PW Nathanielsz) pp. 153–175. (Perinatology Press: New York)

Pickard AR (2005) The establishment of pregnancy in pigs. PhD Thesis, University of Aberdeen.

The list of references should be cited following the examples listed in Appendix 2.

For journal references note that titles of all papers should be included; capitals should not be used in such titles, except where particular words require capitalisation. Issue numbers, if essential, should be inserted in parentheses immediately after the volume number (e.g. 34(2), note that there is no space after the volume number). If a paper has been accepted for publication in a journal and the volume and page numbers are not yet available, the title of the journal should be followed by ‘in press’.

Special care should be taken to see that every reference in the text is included in the list of references and vice versa, and that there is consistency in the spelling of authors’ names and the citation of dates throughout the paper. Websites Whenever URLs are cited (in the text or in the reference list), the access date should be supplied if possible (e.g. in text: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/, accessed 11 March 2004; see electronic reference example for how to treat a URL in the reference list). This is because websites are subject to change without notice, and

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including the date that the information was obtained helps to verify the reference if it is later changed. Note that if the URL is used in place of manufacturer location, a date is not required as it is not being used as a reference source. Manuscript received and accepted dates Manuscript received and accepted dates, if present, should be placed immediately after the reference list and formatted as such: Manuscript received 12 March 2006, accepted 1 July 2006 Appendices Appendices should be placed at the end of the paper. They should be numbered consecutively using Arabic numerals. Figures and tables within appendices should be numbered ‘A1’, ‘A2’, etc. If there is only one appendix in a paper, it should be labelled ‘Appendix 1’. Accessory publications Supplementary material of a detailed nature that is not essential to the understanding of a paper may be submitted. When citing supplementary material, use the following phrase: “(see Table S1/Fig. S1 available as an Accessory publication to this paper)”. This only needs to appear at the first citation of a supplementary table and the first citation of a supplementary figure. There is no need to highlight these citations. Mathematical papers Mathematical formulae should be typed carefully with symbols in correct alignment and adequate spacing. Equations should not be embedded images; use equation editors that result in an editable format (e.g. MathType). Each formula should be displayed on a single line where possible.

Simple equations may be run into the text; however, more complex equations should be set apart on a separate line. These should be numbered consecutively, with the number in parentheses, e.g.:

FF F a

d

d

Th T T

t (1)

ig a

600Fmax a

T TAT

T T

(2)

Equation citations within the text should be formatted as follows: start of sentence, ‘Eqn 1 shows…’; middle of sentence, ‘as can be seen in Eqns 2 and 3’ or ‘Eqn 1’. Note that citations to equations within another paper should use an initial lowercase, e.g. ‘as in their eqn 3 (Kent et al. 2004).’

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Appendix 1. Standard and preferred spellings Spelling and hyphenation should be consistent within a paper. The examples below are preferred and should serve as a general guide to aid in the consistency of spelling across papers and journals. Exceptions may be made in instances where there is just cause. acknowledgement aboveground ageing (determining the age of) aging (growing older)

airborne all right anaesthesia analogue artefact autoxidation bandwidth biased birthweight bodyweight buffaloes bv. (not in italics) catalyse CD-ROM Chi-square test (but 2 = ) chlorophyll a circa (c.) (applies only to time) coauthor coenzyme colour colouration coordinate cooperate cornmeal covariate cows milk cross-section cv. (not in italics) cvv. (not in italics) cytochrome c database data set, dataset (both are

acceptable) daylength dialyse dimethyl sulfoxide

(DMSO) disulfide bond (not

disulphide bond) downregulate downstream euthanised female (adj. and n. OK) fetus feedback firefighter (not fireman) firstborn focussed forequarter formulae freeze dryer freshwater (adj.) GENSTAT glasshouse guinea-pig (not guinea pig) Hardy–Weinberg homologue hydrolyse infrared intrauterine make up (e.g. genetic make

up) male (adj. and n. OK) microdentate microorganism midpoint northern blot occurrence oestrus (n.), oestrous (adj.) overestimate overstorey oviducal (not oviductal) outyielded photooxidation

postpartum post-translational pretreatment program,

programme(both are acceptable)

radioimmunoassay real-time PCR (not RT-

PCR)

reexamine reform reverse transcription–

polymerase chain reaction (but RT-PCR)

runoff s.e.m. (standard error of the

mean) SEM (scanning electron

microscopy) semiarid semicolon semiquantitative sex (not gender) short-term (adj.), short

term (n.) side chain socioeconomic sodium dodecyl

sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (but SDS-PAGE)

south-east Southern blot southern hemisphere sp. (not in italics) spp. (not in italics) stepwise Student’s t-test suboptimal subplot subpopulation subspecies (not sub-species) sulfate (not sulphate)


subterranean clover (not sub clover)

taproot targeted tomatoes under way (not underway)

unnamed upregulate waterlogged watertable wavelength website western blot

wheatbelt workstation worldwide X-ray

In addition, the following should be used as a guide: Prefixes should not be hyphenated, unless the next letter is the same as the

preceding letter (e.g. post-translational) or the unhyphenated word means something else (‘re-form’ instead of ‘reform’).

‘Since’ and ‘while’ are best used to indicate time, not as substitutes for ‘because’, ‘as’, ‘although’ or ‘whereas’; however, it is not essential to change these during copyediting.

During copyediting, it is OK to leave ‘impact’ as a verb. During copyediting, it is OK to leave ‘this study’ unless the meaning is

ambiguous. If ‘post’ means ‘after’, change to ‘after’. En dashes are used to show two words of equal value, when the first

word in the compound does not modify the meaning of the second word (e.g. wildland–urban interface), for chemicals that are closely bonded but have not become a new compound (e.g. HRP–antibody), when two people’s names are given to a process (e.g. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium) or to express a range of values (e.g. 7–10 cows); however, they should not be used in sentence constructions such as “from x–y” and “between x–y” (use “from x to y” and “between x and y” instead).

However: in middle of sentence when it precedes a new idea, use semicolon before and comma after (e.g. ‘The cat sat on the mat; however, it did not stay there for long.’ At the start of the sentence it should be followed by a comma (e.g. ‘However, the cat sat on the mat…’) or surrounded by commas (e.g. ‘The cat, however, sat on the mat…’).

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Appendix 2. Format of reference list List 1: Punctuated reference lists

Journal examples

Example 1: Typical journal citation Kefford, B. J., Papas, P. J., and Nugegoda, D. (2003). Relative salinity tolerance of macroinvertebrates from the Barwon River, Victoria, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 54, 755–765. Example 2: A journal citation including an issue number or a supplement Bull, P., Smith, E., and Lane, J. (1997). Chromosomal evolution in lizards. Bioinformatics 34(2), 233–237. Conrad, B., and Strange, W. (2005). Physiological functions of methylated genes. Human Reproduction 15(Suppl. 1), 315–319. Example 3: Abstract noted at end Nabulsi, A., Folsom, A., Szklo, M., White, A., Higgins, M., and Heiss, G. (1992). Is menopausal status or hormone replacement therapy associated with carotid intimal–medial wall thickness? American Journal of Epidemiology 136, 1003–1004. [Abstract] Example 4: Other language noted at end Nabulsi, A., Folsom, A., Szklo, M., White, A., Higgins, M., and Heiss, G. (1992). Is menopausal status or hormone replacement therapy associated with carotid intimal–medial wall thickness? American Journal of Epidemiology 136, 1003–1004. [In Chinese] Example 5: Paper in press Hayden, M. J., Stephenson, P., Logojan, A. M., Khatkar, D., Rogers, C., Elsden, J., Koebner, R. M. D., Snape, J. W., and Sharp, P. J. (2006). Development and genetic mapping of sequence tagged microsatellites in bread wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 21, in press. Potter, M. (in press). Genotype and environment interact to control dormancy and differential expression of the SC2 homologue in Triticum aestivum. Plant Cell Biology. Monograph examples Example 1: Typical monograph citation Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F., and Maniatis, T. (1989). ‘Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual.’ (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY.) Example 2: A monograph citation including a volume number and without a publisher location Chaudhuri, P. (1997). ‘Additive Cellular Automata Theory and Applications. Vol. 1.’ (IEEE Press.) [The author would be asked for details of publisher location.] [or allow publisher location details to be optional] Example 3: A monograph citation including a book series in addition to the book title Codd, E. (1968). ‘Cellular Automata.’ ACM Monograph Series. (Academic Press: New York.) Example 4: A monograph citation including an edition number Dixon, M., and Webb, E. C. (1979). ‘Enzymes.’ 3rd edn. (Longman: London.)

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Example 5: A monograph citation indicating the editor(s) Judson, H. F. (Ed.) (1996). ‘The Eighth Day of Creation.’ Expanded edn. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: New York.) Attiwill, P. M., and Adams, M. A. (Eds) (1996). ‘Nutrition of Eucalypts.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne.) Example 6: A monograph citation including a page count for the book Grant, V. (1981). ‘Plant Speciation.’ 2nd edn. (Columbia University Press: New York.) 552 pp. Example 7: A monograph citation including a chapter number, name and page range Larsson, L.-I. (1988). Fixation and tissue pretreatment. In ‘Immunocytochemistry: Theory and Practice’. Chapter 2. pp. 41–170. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL.) [with a request to the author to check that there are no editors of this book] Example 8: A translated monograph with the translator name, but not the author name Tredennick, H. (Trans.) (1969). ‘The Apology of Plato.’ (Penguin Books: New York.) Example 9: A translated monograph with the translator and author names Paton, H. J. (Transl.) (1964). ‘Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals’ by Immanuel Kant. (Harper & Row: New York.) Example 10: Forward to a book by another author Harris, M. (1965). Introduction. In ‘With the Procession’ by Henry Fuller. (University of Chicago Press: Chicago.) Example 11: Organisation as an author SAS Institute (1989a). ‘SAS/STAT User’s Guide. Version 6. Vol. 1.’ 4th edn. (SAS Institute: Cary, NC.) Book chapter examples Example 1: Typical book chapter citation. Carr, J. D., Fibiger, H. C., and Phillips, A. G. (1989). Conditioned place preference as a measure of drug reward. In ‘Neuropharmacological Basis of Reward’. (Eds J. M. Liebman and S. J. T. Cooper.) pp. 265–320. (Oxford University Press: Oxford.) Example 2: Typical book citation including a volume number Esposito, R. E., and Klapholz, S. (1981). Meiosis and ascospore development. In ‘The Molecular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces. Vol. 1’. (Eds J. N. Strathern, E. W. Jones and J. R. Broach.) pp. 211–287. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: Cold Spring Harbor, NY.) Example 3: Typical book citation including an edition number Mahley, R. W., and Rall, S. C., Jr (1995). Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia): the role of apolipoprotein E in normal and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism. In ‘The Metabolic and Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease’. 7th edn. (Eds C. R. Scriver, A. L. Beaudet, W. S. Sly and D. Valle.) pp. 1953–1980. (McGraw-Hill: New York.)

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Example 4: Typical book citation of an item in a series, which includes a series title and a volume number Rinchik, E. M., and Russell, L. B. (1990). Germ-line deletion mutations in the mouse: tools for intensive functional and physical mapping of regions of the mammalian genome. In ‘Genome Analysis. Vol. 1: Genetic and Physical Mapping’. (Eds K. Davies and S. Tilghman.) pp. 121–158. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY.) Example 5: A book citation translated from the original language Chartier, R. (Ed.) (1989). ‘A History of Private Life: Passions of the Renaissance.’ (Transl. A. Goldhammer.) (The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA.) Example 6: A book citation with authors but without editors Petes, T. D., Malone, R. E., and Symington, L. S. (1991). Recombination in yeast. In ‘The Molecular and Cellular Biology of the Yeast Saccharomyces’. pp. 407–521. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: Cold Spring Harbor, NY.) [with a request to the author for the missing editor details] [or allow editor details to be optional] Example 7: A book citation without a chapter page range Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In ‘Organisation and Memory’. (Eds E. Tulving and W. Donaldson.) (Academic Press: New York.) [with a request to the author for the missing page range] [or allow page details to be optional] Example 8: A book citation without a publisher location Kano, M., and Konnerth, A. (1992). Cerebellar slices for patch clamp recording. In ‘Practical Electrophysiological Methods’. (Eds H. Kettenmann and R. Grantyn.) pp. 54–57. (Wiley-Liss.) [with a request to the author for the missing publisher location] [or allow publisher details to be optional] Example 9: A book with editors, but without chapter authors Ausubel, F. M., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D. D., Seidman, J. G., Smith, J. A., and Struhl, K. (Eds) (1994). Phenol/SDS method for plant RNA preparation. In ‘Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1’. pp. 4.3.1–4.3.3. (Wiley Interscience: New York.) Example 10: Citation including a section number and/or part number. Valtin, H. (1992). Genetic models of diabetes insipidus. In ‘Handbook of Physiology. Section 8. Renal Physiology’. (Ed. E. E. Windhager.) pp. 1281–1316. (Oxford: New York.) Nicoll, C. S. (1974). Physiological actions of prolactin. In ‘Handbook of Physiology. Section 7, Vol. IV’. (Eds R. Greep, E. B. Astwood, E. Knobil, W. H. Sawyer and S. R. Geiger.) pp. 253–292. (American Physiological Society: Washington, DC.) Wiersma, C. A. G., and Roach, J. L. M. (1977). Principles in the organisation of invertebrate sensory systems. In ‘Handbook of Physiology. Section 1: The Nervous System. Vol. I, Part 2’. (Eds J. M. Brookhart and V. B. Mountcastle.) pp. 1089–1135. (American Physiological Society: Bethesda, MD.) Encyclopedia examples Example 1: An encyclopedia citation without an author Cleveland, W. A. (Ed.) (1993). Comparative national statistics. Language. In ‘Britannica World Data’. pp. 778–782. (Encyclopedia Britannica: Chicago.) Example 2: An encyclopedia citation without an editor

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Rolls, B. J., and Drewnowski, A. (1977). Nutrition and aging. In ‘Encyclopedia of Gerontology’. pp. 429–440. (Academic: New York.) Wallis, C. G. (Transl.) (1952). ‘Great Books of the Western World. Vol. 16’. p. 481. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.) [with a query to the author for place of publication] [or allow place of publication details to be optional] Thesis examples Example 1: University name includes city Smith, J. A. (2003). New Harpacticoida from south-east Australia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Melbourne. Kennedy, S. J. (1998). Foraging ecology of the swift parrot (Lathamus discolor) in the box–ironbark region of Victoria. B.Sc.(Honours) Thesis, University of Ballarat, Australia. Example 2: University name does not include city. Winter, J. W. (1976). The behaviour and social organisation of the brush-tail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr). Ph.D. Thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane. Conference proceedings examples Hayman, P. T., and Collett, I. J. (1996). Estimating soil water: to kick, to stick, to core or computer? In ‘Proceedings of the 8th Australian Agronomy Conference, Toowoomba’. (Ed. M. Asghar.) p. 664. (Australian Society of Agronomy: Toowoomba.) Report/bulletin examples Bloggs, T. H. (1990). Effects of soil type on seed rate for wheat. NSW Agriculture Bulletin No. 232. Wagga Wagga, NSW. Chippendale, G. M., and Wolf, L. (1981). The natural distribution of Eucalyptus in Australia. Special Publication No. 6, Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra. Electronic versions of books Chessells, J. M (2000). Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Version 1. In ‘Encyclopaedia of Life Sciences.’ (Nature Publishing Group: London.) Available at http://www.els.net [Verified 6 September 2004]. Wilkes, B. J., and Peterson, B. M. (2000). Active galaxies: observations. Version 1.0. In ‘Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics’. (Nature Publishing Group: London & Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol.) Available at http://www.ency-astro.com [Verified 6 September 2004]. CD-ROM example Fehmi, J. F. (2002). A crop sequence calculator for designing dynamic cropping systems. In ‘Proceedings of the 10th Australian Society of Agronomy Conference’. (CD-ROM) (Australian Society of Agronomy: Hobart.)

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http://www.els.net/

http://www.ency-astro.com/


List 2: Reference lists with minimal punctuation Journal examples Example 1: Typical journal citation Kefford BJ, Papas PJ, Nugegoda D (2003) Relative salinity tolerance of macroinvertebrates from the Barwon River, Victoria, Australia. Marine and Freshwater Research 54, 755–765. Example 2: A journal citation including an issue number or a supplement Bull P, Smith E, Lane J (1997) Chromosomal evolution in lizards. Bioinformatics 34(2), 233–237. Conrad B, Strange W (2005) Physiological functions of methylated genes. Human Reproduction 15(Suppl. 1), 315–319. Example 3: Abstract noted at end Nabulsi A, Folsom A, Szklo M, White A, Higgins M, Heiss G (1992) Is menopausal status or hormone replacement therapy associated with carotid intimal–medial wall thickness? American Journal of Epidemiology 136, 1003–1004. [Abstract] Example 4: Other language noted at end Nabulsi A, Folsom A, Szklo M, White A, Higgins M, Heiss G (1992) Is menopausal status or hormone replacement therapy associated with carotid intimal–medial wall thickness? American Journal of Epidemiology 136, 1003–1004. [In Chinese] Example 5: Paper in press Hayden MJ, Stephenson P, Logojan AM, Khatkar D, Rogers C, Elsden J, Koebner RMD, Snape JW, Sharp PJ (2006) Development and genetic mapping of sequence tagged microsatellites in bread wheat. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 21, in press. Potter M (in press) Genotype and environment interact to control dormancy and differential expression of the SC2 homologue in Triticum aestivum. Plant Cell Biology. Monograph examples Example 1: Typical monograph citation Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) ‘Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual.’ (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY) Example 2: A monograph citation including a volume number and without a publisher location Chaudhuri P (1997). ‘Additive cellular automata theory and applications. Vol. 1.’ (IEEE Press) Example 3: A monograph citation including a book series in addition to the book title Codd E (1968) ‘Cellular automata.’ ACM Monograph Series. (Academic Press: New York) Example 4: A monograph citation including an edition number Dixon M, Webb EC (1979) ‘Enzymes.’ 3rd edn. (Longman: London) Example 5: A monograph citation indicating the editor(s) Judson HF (Ed.) (1996) ‘The eighth day of creation.’ Expanded edn. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: New York)

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Attiwill PM, Adams MA (Eds) (1996) ‘Nutrition of eucalypts.’ (CSIRO Publishing: Melbourne) Example 6: A monograph citation including a page count for the book Grant V (1981) ‘Plant speciation.’ 2nd edn. (Columbia University Press: New York) 552 pp. Example 7: A monograph citation including a chapter number, name and page range Larsson L-I (1988) Fixation and tissue pretreatment. In ‘Immunocytochemistry: theory and practice’. pp. 41–170. (CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL) [Query author about Ed(s) of book, or just one author.] Example 8: A translated monograph with the translator name, but not the author name Tredennick H (Transl) (1969) ‘The apology of Plato.’ (Penguin Books: New York) Example 9: A translated monograph with the translator and author names Paton HJ (Transl) (1964) ‘Groundwork of the metaphysics of morals’ by Immanuel Kant. (Harper & Row: New York) Example 10: Forward to a book by another author Harris M (1965) Introduction. In ‘With the procession’ by Henry Fuller. (University of Chicago Press: Chicago) Example 11: Organisation as an author SAS Institute (1989a) ‘SAS/STAT user’s guide. Version 6. Vol. 1.’ 4th edn. (SAS Institute: Cary, NC) Book chapter examples Example 1: Typical book chapter citation. Carr JD, Fibiger HC, Phillips AG (1989) Conditioned place preference as a measure of drug reward. In ‘Neuropharmacological basis of reward’. (Eds JM Liebman, SJT Cooper) pp. 265–320. (Oxford University Press: Oxford) Example 2: Typical book citation including a volume number Esposito RE, Klapholz S (1981) Meiosis and ascospore development. In ‘The molecular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces. Vol. 1’. (Eds JN Strathern, EW Jones, JR Broach) pp. 211–287. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: Cold Spring Harbor, NY) Example 3: Typical book citation including an edition number Mahley RW, Rall SC Jr (1995) Type III hyperlipoproteinemia (dysbetalipoproteinemia): the role of apolipoprotein E in normal and abnormal lipoprotein metabolism. In ‘The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease’. 7th edn. (Eds CR Scriver, AL Beaudet, WS Sly, D Valle) pp. 1953–1980. (McGraw-Hill: New York) Example 4: Typical book citation of an item in a series, which includes a series title and a volume number Rinchik EM, Russell LB (1990) Germ-line deletion mutations in the mouse: tools for intensive functional and physical mapping of regions of the mammalian genome. In ‘Genome analysis. Vol. 1: Genetic and physical mapping’. (Eds K Davies, S Tilghman) pp. 121–158. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press: Cold Spring Harbor, NY) Example 5: A book citation translated from the original language

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Chartier R (Ed.) (1989) ‘A history of private life: passions of the Renaissance.’ (Transl. A Goldhammer) (The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press: Cambridge, MA) Example 6: A book citation with authors but without editors Petes TD, Malone RE, Symington LS (1991) Recombination in yeast. In ‘The molecular and cellular biology of the yeast Saccharomyces’. pp. 407–521. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory: Cold Spring Harbor, NY) [with a request to the author for the missing editor details] [or allow editor details to be optional] Example 7: A book citation without a chapter page range Tulving E (1972) Episodic and semantic memory. In ‘Organisation and memory’. (Eds E Tulving, W Donaldson) (Academic Press: New York) [with a request to the author for the missing page range] [or allow page details to be optional] Example 8: A book citation without a publisher location Kano M, Konnerth, A (1992) Cerebellar slices for patch clamp recording. In ‘Practical electrophysiological methods’. (Eds H Kettenmann, R Grantyn) pp. 54–57. (Wiley-Liss) [with a request to the author for the missing publisher location] [or allow publisher details to be optional] Example 9: A book with editors, but without chapter authors Ausubel FM, Brent R, Kingston RE, Moore DD, Seidman JG, Smith JA, Struhl K (Eds) (1994) Phenol/SDS method for plant RNA preparation. In ‘Current protocols in molecular biology. Vol. 1’. pp. 4.3.1–4.3.3. (Wiley Interscience: New York) Example 10: Citation including a section number and/or part number. Valtin H (1992) Genetic models of diabetes insipidus. In ‘Handbook of physiology. Section 8. Renal physiology’. (Ed. EE Windhager) pp. 1281–1316. (Oxford: New York) Nicoll CS (1974) Physiological actions of prolactin. In ‘Handbook of physiology. Section 7. Vol. IV’. (Eds R Greep, EB Astwood, E Knobil, WH Sawyer, SR Geiger) pp. 253–292. (American Physiological Society: Washington, DC) Wiersma CAG, Roach JLM (1977) Principles in the organisation of invertebrate sensory systems. In ‘Handbook of physiology. Section 1: The nervous system. Vol. I, Part 2’. (Eds JM Brookhart, VB Mountcastle) pp. 1089–1135. (American Physiological Society: Bethesda, MD) Encyclopedia examples Example 1: An encyclopedia citation without an author Cleveland WA (Ed) (1993) Comparative national statistics. Language. In ‘Britannica world data’. pp. 778–782. (Encyclopedia Britannica: Chicago) Example 2: An encyclopedia citation without an editor Rolls BJ, Drewnowski A (1977) Nutrition and aging. In ‘Encyclopedia of gerontology’. pp. 429–440. (Academic: New York) Wallis CG (Transl.) (1952) ‘Great books of the western world. Vol. 16.’ p. 481. (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc)* [with a query to the author for place of publication] [or allow place of publication details to be optional] Thesis examples

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Example 1: University name includes city Smith JA (2003) New Harpacticoida from south-east Australia. PhD Thesis, University of Melbourne. Kennedy S J (1998) Foraging ecology of the swift parrot (Lathamus discolor) in the box–ironbark region of Victoria. BSc(Hons) thesis, University of Ballarat, Australia. Example 2: University name does not include city. Winter JW (1976) The behaviour and social organisation of the brush-tail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula Kerr). PhD thesis, University of Queensland, Brisbane. Conference proceedings examples Hayman PT, Collett IJ (1996) Estimating soil water: to kick, to stick, to core or computer? In ‘Proceedings of the 8th Australian agronomy conference, Toowoomba’. (Ed. M Asghar) p. 664. (Australian Society of Agronomy: Toowoomba) IJWF: Fulé PZ, McHugh C, Heinlein TA, Covington WW (2001) Potential fire behavior is reduced following forest restoration treatments. In ‘Ponderosa Pine Ecosystems Restoration and Conservation: Steps toward Stewardship Proceedings’, 25–27 April 2000, Flagstaff, AZ. (Eds RK Vance, WW Covington, CB Edminster, JA Blake) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RMRS-P-22, pp. 28–35. (Ogden, UT) Report/bulletin examples Bloggs TH (1990) Effects of soil type on seed rate for wheat. NSW Agriculture Bulletin No. 232. Wagga Wagga, NSW. Chippendale GM, Wolf L (1981) The natural distribution of Eucalyptus in Australia. Special Publication No. 6, Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Canberra. IJWF: Sandberg DV, Ottmar RD, Peterson JL, Core J (2002) Wildland fire on ecosystems: effects of fire on air. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Report RMRS-GTR-42. (Ogden, UT) IJWF (2): Robichaud PR, MacDonald LH, Freeouf J, Neary D, Martin D (2003) Post-fire rehabilitation of the Hayman Fire. In ‘Hayman fire case study analysis’. (Ed. RT Graham) USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, RMRS-GTR-114, pp. 293–313. (Fort Collins CO) Electronic versions of books Chessells JM (2000) Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Version 1. In ‘Encyclopaedia of life sciences’. (Nature Publishing Group: London) Available at http://www.els.net [Verified 6 September 2004] Wilkes BJ, Peterson BM (2000) Active galaxies: observations. Version 1.0. In ‘Encyclopedia of astronomy and astrophysics’. (Nature Publishing Group: London & Institute of Physics Publishing: Bristol) Available at http://www.ency-astro.com [Verified 6 September 2004] CD-ROM example Fehmi JF (2002) A crop sequence calculator for designing dynamic cropping systems. In ‘Proceedings of the 10th Australian Society of Agronomy conference’. (CD-ROM) (Australian Society of Agronomy: Hobart)

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List 3: Other Harvard reference styles Exploration Geophysics Journal examples Benhama, A., Cliet, C. and Dubesset, M., 1988, Study and application of spatial directional filtering in three-component recordings: Geophysical Prospecting 36, 591–613. Castagna, J. P., 1993, Petrophysical imaging using AVO: The Leading Edge, 12, 172–179. Book examples Davis, P.J., and Rabinowitz, P., 1975, Methods of Numerical Integration: Academic Press Inc. Sloan, E. D., 1990, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, Marcel Dekker. Edited book example Baker, D. W., and Carter, N.L., 1972, Seismic velocity anisotropy calculated for ultramafic minerals and aggregates: in Heard, H.C., Borg, I.V., Carter, N.L., and Raleigh, C.B. (eds.), Flow and Fracture of Rocks: Am. Geophys. Union, Geophys. Mono 16, 157–166. Conference paper example Gist, G. A., 1994, Seismic attenuation from 3-D heterogeneities: A possible resolution of the VSP attenuation paradox: 64th Annual International Meeting, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 1042–1045. Stone, P.M., and Simsky, A., 2001, Constructing high resolution DEMs from airborne laser scanner data: 15th Geophysical Conference and Exhibition, Australian Society of Exploration Geophysicists, Extended Abstracts, 123–124. Thesis example Luo Mu, 1996, Seismic Applications of Multi-Component Wavefield Separation Techniques: M.Sc. thesis (unpublished), University of Queensland. PASA Journal example Martín, E. L., Rebolo, R., & Zapatero Osorio, M. R. 1996, ApJ, 469, 706 Author [Last name, First-name initials], Author, & Author. Year, Journal abbreviated title, Volume number, First page of article Book example Donat, W., III, & Boksenberg, A. J. 1993, The Astronomical Almanac for the Year 1994, Vol. 2 (2d ed.; Washington, DC: GPO)

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Author [Last name, First-name initials], & Author. Year, Title, Volume if a multivolume work (Edition, if any; City of publication: Publisher) In the case of a book, note space between initials, comma and ampersand (&) between authors,

no comma before parentheses for place of publication, and no page number. Where specific pages are cited, these should be given at the text citation. Article or chapter in an edited collection Huchra, J. P. 1986, in Inner Space/Outer Space, ed. E. W. Kolb et al. (Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press), 65 Author(s) [Last name, First-name initials]. Year, in Collection Title, ed. Editors by first-name initials followed by last name (City of publication: Publisher), first page of article Conference proceedings Salpeter, E. E., & Wasserman, I. M. 1993, in ASP Conf. Ser. 36, Planets around Pulsars, ed. J.

A. Phillips, S. E. Thorsett, & S. R. Kulkarni (San Francisco: ASP), 345 Author(s) [Last name, First-name initials]. Year, in Conference series title [ASP Conf. Ser., AIP Conf. Proc., IAU Colloq., IAU Symp., etc.] and number, Volume title, ed. Editors by first-name initials follwed by last name (City of publication: Publisher), first page of article Star catalogs Hoffleit, D. 1982, The Bright Star Catalogue (New Haven: Yale Univ. Obs.) Author(s) [Last name, First-name initials]. Year, Catalog title (City of publication: Publisher) Electronic newsletter (published only on-line) In reference list: Hermoso, D. 1996, ESA IUE Electron. Newsl. 46 Footnote to text at point of citation: 4EAS IUE Electronic Newsletter (Imhoff 1997) is

available at: http://www.vilspa.esa.es/iue/nl/newsl_46.html. Instrument documentation Gussenhoven, M. S., Mullen, E. G., & Sagalyn, R. C. 1985, CRRES/SPACERAD Instrument Description, Document AFGL-TR-85-0017, Air Force Geophysics Laboratory Author(s) [Last name, First-name initials]. Year, Title, Document number, Issuing agency Preprints Smith, A. B. 1999, preprint (astro-ph/9812345) Lockwood, G. W., & Skiff, B. A. 1988, Air Force Geophys. Lab. preprint (AFGL-TR-88-0221) Author(s) [Last name, First-name initials]. Year, preprint (preprint series and number) References to preprints are acceptable only for papers not yet in print. For papers that have been accepted but are not yet in print, preprint number may be given at the end of a reference submitted or in press [i.e., Smith, A. B. 1999, ApJ, in press (astro-ph/9912345)].

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Papers submitted or in press Wolk, S. J., & Walter, F. M. 1999, ApJ, submitted Wolk, S. J., & Walter, F. M. 1999, ApJ, in press Papers submitted but not yet accepted for publication should be listed with the journal and

"submitted." Papers accepted for publication should be listed as "in press."

Preview Journal examples Blackburn, G. J., 1981, Seismic static corrections in irregular or steeply dipping water-bottom environments: Expl. Geophys., 12, 93–100. Book example Davis, P. J., and P. Rabinowitz, 1975, Methods of numerical integration: Academic Press Inc. Edited book example Baker, D. W., and N. L. Carter, 1972, Seismic velocity anisotropy calculated for ultramafic minerals and aggregates, in H. C. Heard, I. V. Borg, N. L. Carter, and C. B. Raleigh, eds., Flow and fracture of rocks: American Geophysical Union Geophysical Monographs 16, 157–166. Conference proceedings example Constable, S. C., 1986, Offshore electromagnetic surveying techniques: 56th Annual International Meeting, SEG, Expanded Abstracts, 81–82. Thesis example Lodha, G. S., 1974, Quantitative interpretation of airborne electromagnetic response for a spherical model: M.S. thesis, University of Toronto. Electronic reference example Roemmich, D., 1990, Sea-level change, http://www.nap.edu/books/0309040396/html, accessed July 14, 2003. Patent example Anstey, N., 1976, Seismic delineation of oil and gas reservoirs using borehole geophones: Canadian Patents 1 106 957 and 1114 937.

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List 4: Vancouver style references Australian Journal of Chemistry and Environmental Chemistry Journal examples [1] J. V. Cizdziel, T. A. Hinners, C. Cross, J. Pollard, J. Environ. Monit. 2003, 5, 802. doi:10.1039/B307641P [2] J. K. King, J. E. Kostka, M. E. Frischer, F. M. Saunders, R. A. Jahnke, Environmental factors influencing marine environments: a review. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001, 35, 2491. doi:10.1021/ES001813Q [Article title is optional] [5] (a) V. R. Smith, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 77, 345. (b) M. C. Bloggs, P. C. Builder, J. Org. Chem. 1999, 79, 101. Book example [4] K. Latjha, R. H. Michener, Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science 1994 (Blackwell: New York, NY). Edited book example [3] J. G. Wiener, D. J. Spry, in Environmental Contaminants in Wildlife: Interpreting Tissue Concentrations (Eds W. N. Beyer, G. H. Heinz, A. W. Redmond) 1996, pp. 208–297 (Lewis: Boca Raton, FL). [4] A. B. Bloggs, C. D. Smith, in Pigments in Nature (Ed. M. E. Brown) 1996, Vol. 6, Ch. 8, p. 98 (Permagon: Chicago, IL). [3] F. W. McLafferty, D. B. Staffer (Eds), Wiley Atlas of Mass Spectral Data 1989, Vol. 1 (John Wiley: New York, NY). [5] W. Stumm, J. J. Morgan, in Aquatic Chemistry, 2nd edn 1981, pp. 36–89 (Wiley-Interscience: New York, NY). [Query for editors] Report example [6] Determination of Metals and Trace Elements in Water and Wastes by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectrometry, EPA/600/4-91/010 1991, p. 31 (US EPA: Washington, DC). Electronic reference example [7] T. Ressler, WinXAS Manual Ver. 3.1 2004 (Fritz Haber Institut: Berlin). www.winxas.de (verified December 2005) (ENV) [7] T. Ressler, WinXAS Manual Ver. 3.1 2004 (Fritz Haber Institut: Berlin). Available at www.winxas.de [Verified December 2005] Conference examples [8] I. C. Agarwal, R. K. Srivastava, A. Agaewal, in Proc. 4th Int. Congr. Environmental Geotechnics 2002, (Eds G. Carlile, C. Richardson) pp. 141–144 (ISSMGE: London). [9] H. B. Xue, L. Sigg, in Abstracts, 213th ACS National Meeting, San Francisco, 13–17 April 1997, (ACS: Washington, DC). [Query for page numbers, editors]

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Thesis example (ENV) [10] K. Parnell, Hydrodynamics of fringing reef bays of the GBR Marine Park with emphasis on management 1987, Ph.D. thesis, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [46] B. Lovell, Phosphorus sources, forms and mobility in the Latrobe River catchment 2 006, B.Sc.(Hons) thesis, University of Melbourne, Vic. Australian Infection Control Journal example Weber JM, Sheridan RL, Pasternack MS and Tompkins RG. Nosocomial infections in paediatric patients with burns. Am J Infect Control 1997;25:195–201. Book example Reese RE and Betts RF (eds). A Practical Approach to Infectious Diseases (4th ed). Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1996. Chapters in books Lynch P. Epidemiology and surveillance. In: Axnick KJ and Yarbrough M (eds). Infection Control, An Integrated Approach. St Louis: CV Mosby, 1984: pp 83–118. New South Wales Public Health Bulletin Journal examples 1. Everett RB, Jimerson GK. The rape victim: a review of 117 consecutive cases. Obstet Gynecol 1977; 50: 88–90 2. Boyd RL. The development of murine T lymphocytes. Immunol Today 1995 (in press.) More than six authors: 3. Parkin DM, Clayton D, Black RJ, Masuyer E, Friedl HP, Ivanov E, et al. Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl: 5 year follow-up. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 1006-12. Organisation as author 4. The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical exercise stress testing. Safety and performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996; 164: 282–4. No author given 5. Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1994; 84: 15. Report example 6. Silver MD, Young A, Briones C. Assessment of the information and education needs of people with HIV from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Sydney: Federation of AIDS Organisations/National Association of People with AIDS, 1998. Book example 7. Brown D. Criminal laws. Sydney: Federation Press, 2001. Chapter in book

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8. Kantola J, Squires J. Prostitution policies in Britain. In: Outshoorn J, editor. The politics of prostitution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. pp. 62–81. Chapter in book (no editors) 9. Smith PQ. The price of fish in China. In: Worldwide fish prices. Sydney: Australian FishFacts Register, 2005. Conference proceedings example

10. Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1996. Conference paper example

11. Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 September 6–10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: Foundation for Medical Informatics, 1992. p. 1561–5. Online material example 12. Parker R, Aggleton P, Attawell K, Pulerwitz J, Brown L. HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: a conceptual framework and an agenda for action. New York: Population Council, 2004. Available at www.popcouncil.org/hivaids/stigma.html. Accessed January 2005. Sexual Health Journal examples 1. Everett RB, Jimerson GK. The rape victim: a review of 117 consecutive cases. Obstet Gynecol 1977; 50: 88–90 2. Boyd RL. The development of murine T lymphocytes. Immunol Today 1995 (in press.) More than six authors: 3. Parkin DM, Clayton D, Black RJ, Masuyer E, Friedl HP, Ivanov E, et al. Childhood leukaemia in Europe after Chernobyl: 5 year follow-up. Br J Cancer 1996; 73: 1006-12. Organisation as author 4. The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical exercise stress testing. Safety and performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996; 164: 282–4. No author given 5. Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1994; 84: 15. Report example 6. Silver MD, Young A, Briones C. Assessment of the information and education needs of people with HIV from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Sydney: Federation of AIDS Organisations/National Association of People with AIDS; 1998. Book example 7. Brown D. Criminal laws. Sydney: Federation Press; 2001. Chapter in book 8. Kantola J, Squires J. Prostitution policies in Britain. In: Outshoorn J, editor. The politics of prostitution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2004. pp. 62–81.

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Chapter in book (no editors) 9. Smith PQ. The price of fish in China. In: Worldwide fish prices. Sydney: Australian FishFacts Register; 2005. Conference proceedings example

10. Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 10th International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996. Conference paper example

11. Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 September 6–10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: Foundation for Medical Informatics; 1992. p. 1561–5. Online material example 12. Parker R, Aggleton P, Attawell K, Pulerwitz J, Brown L. HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: a conceptual framework and an agenda for action. New York: Population Council; 2004. Available online at: www.popcouncil.org/hivaids/stigma.html [verified January 2005].

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