Upload
benedict-doyle
View
216
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Criminal InvestigationCriminal Investigation
Photo Montage andPhoto Montage and
Police LineupPolice Lineup
Part 9Part 9
Photo Montage / LineupPhoto Montage / Lineup1.1. Photo montagePhoto montage
- form of suspect identification- form of suspect identification- 69% recognition - 69% recognition
a. a. Probable causeProbable cause - not under arrest- not under arrest - charges not filed / no defense attorney- charges not filed / no defense attorney
(1) (1) Six photosSix photos - more photos- more photos - add / more suspects- add / more suspects
Photo, cont.Photo, cont. (2) (2) Similar appearanceSimilar appearance
- avoid suggestion- avoid suggestion - uniformity- uniformity
b. b. PresentationPresentation (1) (1) Show montageShow montage
- “Do you recognize anyone?”- “Do you recognize anyone?”
(2)(2) Fear Fear - not rush / examine carefully- not rush / examine carefully
Photo, cont.Photo, cont. (3) (3) No identificationNo identification
- eliminate possible suspect- eliminate possible suspect - show all witnesses- show all witnesses
(4) (4) Take statementTake statement - signs montage- signs montage - mark as evidence- mark as evidence
2.2. Physical lineupPhysical lineup- frequently used- frequently used- 75% recognition- 75% recognition
Lineup, cont.Lineup, cont.a. a. Good probable causeGood probable cause - under arrest- under arrest - compel to participate- compel to participate
(1) (1) Defense attorneyDefense attorney - present during lineup- present during lineup - cannot interfere - cannot interfere
(2) (2) RequirementsRequirements
(a) Five (5) plus suspect(a) Five (5) plus suspect
Lineup, cont.Lineup, cont. (b) Unknown(b) Unknown
- draw from any source- draw from any source - jail / police / etc.- jail / police / etc. - sign waiver- sign waiver
(c) Similar appearance(c) Similar appearance - actions / speech / dress / etc.- actions / speech / dress / etc. - lack of cooperation- lack of cooperation - chooses placement- chooses placement
(3) (3) Lineup roomLineup room
Lineup, cont.Lineup, cont. (a) Numbered spaces(a) Numbered spaces
- predetermined number- predetermined number
(b) Measuring device(b) Measuring device - height chart- height chart
(c) Insure privacy(c) Insure privacy - cannot be seen- cannot be seen
3.3. Primary investigatorPrimary investigator- orders participants- orders participants
Lineup, cont.Lineup, cont.a. a. Straight on / right-left profileStraight on / right-left profile - all do same- all do same
b. b. Photograph allPhotograph all - video preferred- video preferred - documentation- documentation
c. c. Recite phraseRecite phrase - robbery / kidnap / extortion / rape- robbery / kidnap / extortion / rape
d. d. Witness statement afterwardWitness statement afterward
Lineup, cont.Lineup, cont. - can witness identify- can witness identify - statement taken - statement taken
(1) Physical appearance altered(1) Physical appearance altered - photo montage- photo montage
(2) Photograph altered appearance(2) Photograph altered appearance - show later in court- show later in court
4.4. Single suspect confrontationSingle suspect confrontation- very effective ID tool- very effective ID tool
Single Suspect, cont.Single Suspect, cont.-guidelines must be followed-guidelines must be followed- 95% recognition- 95% recognition
a. a. Good probable causeGood probable cause - usually detained - usually detained - may be under arrest- may be under arrest - requirements:- requirements:
(1) (1) Located proximate to crimeLocated proximate to crime
- must be reasonable - must be reasonable - could have been at crime scene- could have been at crime scene
Suspect, cont.Suspect, cont. (2) (2) Time factorTime factor
- time span increases- time span increases - ID holding up lessens- ID holding up lessens
(3) (3) Similar descriptionSimilar description - clothing / features similar- clothing / features similar - given by victim / witness- given by victim / witness - clothing may vary- clothing may vary
(4) (4) Victim to suspect locationVictim to suspect location
- preferred method - preferred method
Suspect, cont.Suspect, cont. - drive by suspect location- drive by suspect location
(5) (5) Suspect to victim locationSuspect to victim location - caution used- caution used - have consent- have consent - victim / witness concealed- victim / witness concealed
b. b. Suggestive identification procedureSuggestive identification procedure
- must avoid- must avoid
(1) (1) Avoid term “suspect” Avoid term “suspect”
Suspect, cont.Suspect, cont. - do you recognize / can you identify- do you recognize / can you identify
(2) (2) Position of suspectPosition of suspect - not observe handcuffs- not observe handcuffs
- prejudicial- prejudicial
(3) (3) Witness to viewWitness to view - safety of vehicle /discreet location- safety of vehicle /discreet location - avoid intimidation- avoid intimidation
(4) (4) Not in police facilityNot in police facility