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CPET/ECET 355. 9. High Speed Access Digital: DSL, Cable Modem, SONET Data Communications and Networking Fall 2004 Professor Paul I-Hai Lin Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne www.ecet.ipfw.edu/~lin. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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10/10/20049. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin1
CPET/ECET 355CPET/ECET 3559. High Speed Access Digital: DSL, Cable Modem, SONET
Data Communications and NetworkingFall 2004
Professor Paul I-Hai LinElectrical and Computer Engineering TechnologyIndiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne
www.ecet.ipfw.edu/~lin
10/10/20049. DSL, CM, SONET - Lin2
High-Speed Access: DSL, Cable High-Speed Access: DSL, Cable Modem and SONETModem and SONET
1. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Technology ADSL (Asymmetric) Discrete Multitone Modulation SDSL (Symmetric) HDSL (High-bit rate DSL)
2. Cable Modem CATV (cable) HFC (Hybrid Fiber Coax) Network DOCSIS (Data over Cable System Interface
Specification)3. SONET
SONET devices SONET Frame and Rates
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DSL TechnologyDSL Technology DSL Categories
– ADSL (Asymmetric)– SDSL (Symmetric)– HDSL (High-bit rate DSL)– VDSL (Very-high bit rate DSL)
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DSL TechnologyDSL Technology Lowest 4 kHz for voice lines Twisted-pair local loop – up to 1.1 MHz Uses Discrete Multi-Tone Modulation (DMT,
QAM + FDM) Upstream speed < Downstream speed Fast business users - 1.5 Mbps/512kbps Residential users – 512/64 Kbps
– UTP wires – support BW up to 1.1 MHz– Upstream 30 kHz to *– Downstream * to 1.1 MHz
Info: http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/adsl.htm
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Discrete Multitone TechniqueDiscrete Multitone Technique
From p. 220, Figure 9.1 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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DSL Bandwidth DivisionDSL Bandwidth Division
From p. 221, Figure 9.2 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Discrete Multitone TechniqueDiscrete Multitone Technique DMT – uses QAM and FDM Divide 1.104 MHz into 256 channels, each
4.312 KHz Channel 0 – Voice Channel 1-5 (Band Guard, unused) Channel 6 to 30 (24)
– Upstream data– QAM – 15-bit/baud– Date rate: 24 x 4000 x 15 = 1.44 Mbps
Channel 31 to 255 (225) – Downstream data– Data rate: 225 x 4000 x 15 = 13.4 Mbps
Actual Bit Rate– Upstream: 64Kbps to 1 Mbps– Downstream: 500 Kbps to 8 Mbps
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ADSL ModemADSL Modem
From p. 222, Figure 9.3 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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DSL Access MultiplexerDSL Access Multiplexer
From p. 222, Figure 9.4 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Other DSL TechnologiesOther DSL Technologies SDSL (Symmetric DSL)
– Business HDSL (High-bit-rate DSL)
– Alternative to T1 (1.544 Mbps)– 3.6 km
VDSL (very-high-date-rate DSL)– 300 to 1800 m– Downstream: 50 to 55 Mbps– Upstream: 1.5 to 2.5 Mbps
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Cable ModemCable Modem Community Antenna TV (CATV) Hybrid Fiber-Coax Network Bandwidth Data rates Cable Modem Cable Modem Transmission
System Data Transmission Scheme
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Traditional Cable TV NetworkTraditional Cable TV Network
From p. 223, Figure 9.5 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Hybrid Fiber-Coax NetworkHybrid Fiber-Coax Network Fiber + Coax Regional Cable Head (400 K subscribers) Distribution Hub (40 K subscribers) Switch Fiber
– Fiber Links– Fiber Nodes
Coaxial Distribution (Drop cable – about 1000 subscribers)
Data Streams– Upstream Fiber– Downstream Fiber
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HFC NetworkHFC Network
From p. 224, Figure 9.6 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Cable TV Bandwidth AllocationCable TV Bandwidth Allocation
From p. 225, Figure 9.7 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Cable TV Bandwidth AllocationCable TV Bandwidth Allocation
From p. 225, Figure 9.7 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
Data Upstream: – 5 MHz to 42 MHz (6 channels, 6 MHz/channel)– 12 Mbps (2-bit/Hz QPSK x 6MHz)– TDM sharing among neighborhood
Analog TV Bands: 54 MHz to 500 MHz (80 ch x 6 MHz/ch)
Digital video and Data Downstream– 550 MHz to 750 MHz (180 channels)– 64-QAM (6-bit, 5-bit/Hz x 6MHz = 30 Mbps)
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Cable ModemCable Modem
From p. 227, Figure 9.8 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Cable Modem Transmission SystemCable Modem Transmission System
From p. 227, Figure 9.9 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Data Over Cable System Interface Data Over Cable System Interface Specification (DOCSIS)Specification (DOCSIS)1. The CM checks the downstream channels (sent
by the CMTS)2. The CMTS allocate up/down BW for the CM3. The CM determines the distance between the
CM and CMTS – synchronization, minislots (TDM)
4. The CM asking for Internet addresses5. The CM and CMTS establish the security
parameters6. The CM sends its ID to CMTS7. Upstream communication begin
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3. SONET3. SONET Two Standards
– ANSI - Synchronous Optical Network– ITU-T standard – Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
(SDH) Features
– Synchronous network: A single clock (timing), data frame, multiplexedFiber-optics transmission system (FOTS) standardPhysical design – carrying signals from
incompatible systems (DS0 and DS-1) – TDM system
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SONET DevicesSONET DevicesSynchronous Transport Signal (STS)
Multiplexer/DemultiplexerRegenerator (repeater)Add/Drop Multiplexers
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A SONETA SONET
From p. 229, Figure 9.10 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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SONET FrameSONET Frame
From p. 230, Figure 9.11 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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SONET FrameSONET FrameA frame
– Total 810 octets = 9 rows x 90 octets per row
– Administrative overhead 27 octets = 3 columns x 9 rows
– The first 2 bytes: alignment byes (F628), begin a frame
– Synchronous Payload Envelop (SPE)Transmission overheadUser data
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SONET RatesSONET RatesSTS (Sync. Transport Signals) Levels
– STS-1 to STS-192– Physical link called Optical Carriers (OCs)
STS-1 (OC-1)– 8000 frames/sec– 810 octets per frame– Raw rate = 8000 x 9 x 90 x 8 = 51.84 Mbps– SPE rate = 8000 x 9 x 87 x 8 = 50.12 Mbps– User rate = 8000 x 9 x 86 x 8 = 49.536 Mbps
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Table SONET Rates Table SONET Rates STS OC Rate (Mbps) SPE (Mbps) User (Mbps)
STS-1STS-1 OC-1 51.84 50.12 49.536STS-3STS-3 OC-3 155.52 150.336 148.608
STS-9STS-9 OC-9 466.56 451.008 445.824
STS-12STS-12 OC-12 622.08 601.344 594.432
STS-18STS-18 OC-18 933.12 902.016 891.648
STS-24STS-24 OC-24 1244.16 1202.688 1188.864
STS-36STS-36 OC-36 1866.23 1804.032 1783.296
STS-48STS-48 OC-48 2488.32 2405.376 2377.728
STS-192STS-192 OC-192 9953.28 9621.604 9510.912
From p. 231, Table 9.1 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Virtual TributariesVirtual TributariesA particular payload that can be inserted
into a frame and combined with other payloads to fill out the frame
VT1.5 accommodates DS-1 (1.544 Mbps)
VT2 – European CPET-1 (2.048 Mbps)VT3 – DS-1C (3.152 Mbps)VT6 – DS-2 (6.312 Mbps)
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Virtual Tributaries TypesVirtual Tributaries Types
From p. 232, Figure 9.13 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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Higher-Rate ServicesHigher-Rate Services
From p. 232, Figure 9.14 of Data Communications and Networking, Forouzan, McGrawHill
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SummarySummary
Questions?
