Feb. 2, 2004 Prof. Paul Lin 1 CPET 355 2. The Physical Layer - Guided Transmission Media Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering

Feb. 2, 2004Feb. 2, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 11

CPET 355 CPET 355

2. The Physical Layer - 2. The Physical Layer -

Guided Transmission MediaGuided Transmission Media

Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering TechnologyElectrical and Computer Engineering Technology

Purdue University, Fort Wayne CampusPurdue University, Fort Wayne Campus


Guided Transmission MediaGuided Transmission Media

Twisted Pair Twisted Pair • Unshielded Twisted Pair, Shielded Twisted PairUnshielded Twisted Pair, Shielded Twisted Pair• Copper; Metal shield; Plastic coverCopper; Metal shield; Plastic cover

Coaxial Cable Coaxial Cable • Inner conductor: copper; outer conductor Inner conductor: copper; outer conductor

shield:metal foil, braid; plastic cover)shield:metal foil, braid; plastic cover) Fiber OpticsFiber Optics

• Core – glass; cladding – less dense glass or Core – glass; cladding – less dense glass or plastic; plastic coverplastic; plastic cover


Twisted PairsTwisted Pairs

Shield twisted pairShield twisted pair• IBM Token Ring cablingIBM Token Ring cabling

Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) • Category 1 - < 100 Kbps, analog, TelephoneCategory 1 - < 100 Kbps, analog, Telephone• Category 2 - < 2 Mbps, A/D, T1-linesCategory 2 - < 2 Mbps, A/D, T1-lines• Category 3 – 10 Mbps, digital, LANsCategory 3 – 10 Mbps, digital, LANs• Category 4 – 20 Mbps, digital, LANsCategory 4 – 20 Mbps, digital, LANs• Category 5 – 100 Mbps, digital, LANsCategory 5 – 100 Mbps, digital, LANs• Category 6 – 400 Mbps, digital, LANsCategory 6 – 400 Mbps, digital, LANs• Category 7 – 600 Mbps, digital, LANsCategory 7 – 600 Mbps, digital, LANs


Twisted PairsTwisted Pairs

Un-shield twisted pair (UTP) Un-shield twisted pair (UTP) • Category 3 - up to 16 MHz, voice and Category 3 - up to 16 MHz, voice and

data on 10BaseT Ethernetdata on 10BaseT Ethernet• Category 5 Category 5

up to 100 MHzup to 100 MHz 1000 Mbps (4-pair) 155 Mbps ATM, Gigabit 1000 Mbps (4-pair) 155 Mbps ATM, Gigabit

Ethernet Ethernet

• Category 5E – 100 Mbps TPDDI, 155 Category 5E – 100 Mbps TPDDI, 155 Mbps ATMMbps ATM


10BaseT Cat 5 RJ 45 Cabling10BaseT Cat 5 RJ 45 Cabling

PinPin Signal Signal11 TD+ TD+2 TD-2 TD-3 RD+3 RD+4 Not Used4 Not Used5 Not Used5 Not Used6 RD-6 RD-7 Not Used7 Not Used8 Not Used8 Not Used


IEEE 10BaseT ConnectionIEEE 10BaseT Connection

PinPin Label Label Color CodeColor Code11 T2T2 White/OrangeWhite/Orange22 R2R2 Orange/WhiteOrange/White33 T3T3 White/GreenWhite/Green44 R1R1 55 T1T166 R3R3 Green/WhiteGreen/White77 T4T488 R4 R4


EIA/TIA-568A and AT&T 258A EIA/TIA-568A and AT&T 258A Connector SpecificationsConnector Specifications

(Recommended by the IEEE for 100Base-TX and T4 (Recommended by the IEEE for 100Base-TX and T4 operation; EIA – Electronics Industries Association, TIA – operation; EIA – Electronics Industries Association, TIA – Telecommunications Industries Association)Telecommunications Industries Association)

PinPin Label Label Color Code Color Code11 T2T2 White/Orange (Orange Stripe) White/Orange (Orange Stripe)22 R2R2 Orange/White (Orange Solid) Orange/White (Orange Solid)33 T3T3 White/Green (Green Stripe) White/Green (Green Stripe)44 R1R1 Blue/White (Blue Solid) Blue/White (Blue Solid)5 T1 White/Blue (Blue Stripe)5 T1 White/Blue (Blue Stripe)6 R3 Green/White (Green Solid)6 R3 Green/White (Green Solid)7 T4 White/Brown (Brown Stripe)7 T4 White/Brown (Brown Stripe)88 R4 Brown/White (Brown Solid)R4 Brown/White (Brown Solid)


EIA-TIA 586B SpecificationEIA-TIA 586B Specification


Cat 6 CablesCat 6 Cables

• Category 6 – up to 400 MHz, super fast Category 6 – up to 400 MHz, super fast broad band applications broad band applications

• Cat 6 Cabling: A Standard and System Cat 6 Cabling: A Standard and System Overview- published by Cat 6 Overview- published by Cat 6 Consortium Consortium http://www.tiaonline.org/marketdev/whithttp://www.tiaonline.org/marketdev/whitepapers/category6_81502.pdfepapers/category6_81502.pdf


Cat 7 CablesCat 7 Cables

• Category 7 – 600 to 700 MHz, super fast Category 7 – 600 to 700 MHz, super fast broad band applications broad band applications

• http://www.reachome.com/en/cat67.htmhttp://www.reachome.com/en/cat67.htm•


Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

Categories (radio government rating)Categories (radio government rating)• RG-59: 75 ohms, CATV, cable modemRG-59: 75 ohms, CATV, cable modem• RG-58: 50 ohms, 10Base2 (200m) or Thin RG-58: 50 ohms, 10Base2 (200m) or Thin

EthernetEthernet• Rg-11: 50 ohms, 10Base5 (2000 m) or Thick Rg-11: 50 ohms, 10Base5 (2000 m) or Thick

EthernetEthernet ConnectorsConnectors

• BNC (Bayone-Neill-Concelman) connectorBNC (Bayone-Neill-Concelman) connector• BNC T connectorBNC T connector• BNC TerminatorBNC Terminator


Coaxial CableCoaxial Cable

RF coaxial cable 75 ohms: RF coaxial cable 75 ohms: http://www.elti.si/CABLES/KABLI/RF_Chttp://www.elti.si/CABLES/KABLI/RF_COAXIAL_CABLES_75_Ohm.htmOAXIAL_CABLES_75_Ohm.htm

RF coaxial cable 50 ohms: RF coaxial cable 50 ohms: http://www.elti.si/CABLES/KABLI/RF_Chttp://www.elti.si/CABLES/KABLI/RF_COAXIAL_CABLES_50_Ohm.htmOAXIAL_CABLES_50_Ohm.htm


Fiber Optics Fiber Optics

Three major componentsThree major components• Light source: LED, LaserLight source: LED, Laser• FiberFiber• Detector: Photo diodeDetector: Photo diode



Terms:Terms:• Refraction – the deflection of lightRefraction – the deflection of light• Wavelength Wavelength ( (f = c speed of light) - f = c speed of light) -

different wavelengths of light travel at different wavelengths of light travel at different speeddifferent speed

• Single-mode fiber – reduce fiber’s Single-mode fiber – reduce fiber’s diameter to a few wavelength of light diameter to a few wavelength of light that enables the light to propagate in a that enables the light to propagate in a straight linestraight line

• Muiti-mode fiber – Multiple light waves Muiti-mode fiber – Multiple light waves bouncing at different angle.bouncing at different angle.



Terms:Terms:• ModulationModulation

WDM – wavelength-division-WDM – wavelength-division-multiplexing multiplexing (http://www.spie.org/web/oer/october/o(http://www.spie.org/web/oer/october/oct97/multiplex.html)ct97/multiplex.html)

DWDM – dense-wavelength-division-DWDM – dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing multiplexing (http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/d(http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/mels/dwdm/dwdm_fns.htm)oc/product/mels/dwdm/dwdm_fns.htm)



Visible Light spectrum (04 Visible Light spectrum (04 m to m to 0.7 0.7 m)m)• Ultraviolet Ultraviolet 400 nm400 nm• Violet Violet 455 nm455 nm• Blue Blue 490 nm490 nm• Green Green 550 nm550 nm• Yellow Yellow 580 nm580 nm• Orange Orange 620 nm620 nm• Red Red 750 nm750 nm



Fiber optics bandsFiber optics bands• 660 nm (LED source, plastics fiber)660 nm (LED source, plastics fiber)• 0.85 microns (850 nm)0.85 microns (850 nm)• 1.30 microns (1300 nm)1.30 microns (1300 nm)• 1.55 microns (1550 nm) 1.55 microns (1550 nm)



Fiber losses: absorption and Fiber losses: absorption and scatteringscattering

Attenuation in deciblesAttenuation in decibles

10 log10 log1010 Pr/Pt Pr/Pt Pr – received powerPr – received power Pt – transmitted powerPt – transmitted power ExampleExample

10 log10 log1010 2 = 3 dB 2 = 3 dB


Fiber OpticsFiber Optics

CoreCore• Glass: 7, 50, 62.5, 100 Glass: 7, 50, 62.5, 100 mm• PlasticsPlastics

CladdingCladding• 125 125 mm

Plastics buffer Plastics buffer DuPont Kevlar for strengthDuPont Kevlar for strength Outer jacketOuter jacket



TypesTypes• Single mode fiber – 100 GbpsSingle mode fiber – 100 Gbps• Multimode fiber Multimode fiber

Application ExamplesApplication Examples• Backbone cablingBackbone cabling• Campus cablingCampus cabling• http://picturethis.pnl.gov/http://picturethis.pnl.gov/

picturet.nsf/by+id/PNLM-3RKQS8?picturet.nsf/by+id/PNLM-3RKQS8?opendocumentopendocument



ConnectorsConnectors SplicingSplicing TerminatorTerminator CouplersCouplers AttenuatorsAttenuators Mount enclosuresMount enclosures



ConnectorsConnectors• Subscriber channel (SC) connector Subscriber channel (SC) connector

(male/female) - TV(male/female) - TV• Straight-tip (ST) connector – Straight-tip (ST) connector –

connecting cable to networking connecting cable to networking devicesdevices

• LC connectorLC connector• FJ connectorFJ connector• MT-RJ – same size as RJ45MT-RJ – same size as RJ45


Web ReferencesWeb References CommScope: CommScope:

http://www.commscope.com/html/home.shtmlhttp://www.commscope.com/html/home.shtml Corning Cable Systems Corning Cable Systems

http://www.corningcablesystems.com/http://www.corningcablesystems.com/ Heath Kit Fiber Optics System - Heath Kit Fiber Optics System -

http://www.heathkit.com/html/ews-543a.htmlhttp://www.heathkit.com/html/ews-543a.html Performance data: Performance data:

http://www.hubbell-premise.com/Technical/TwistedPairhttp://www.hubbell-premise.com/Technical/TwistedPairComp.Comp.htmhtm

Cat 5 RJ45 Connector – weatherproof connector: Cat 5 RJ45 Connector – weatherproof connector: http://www.http://www.smartbridgessmartbridges.com/content/info/weatherproof_connector.html.com/content/info/weatherproof_connector.html

Ethernet cable color code standards Ethernet cable color code standards http://www.incentre.net/incentre/frame/ethernet.htmlhttp://www.incentre.net/incentre/frame/ethernet.html


Web ReferencesWeb References

ITS Project: Fiber Optics Basics ITS Project: Fiber Optics Basics http://www.tcomschool.ohiou.edu/its_pgs/fiber.hthttp://www.tcomschool.ohiou.edu/its_pgs/fiber.htmlml

Fiber Optics Systems Fiber Optics Systems http://floti.bell.ac.uk/MathsPhysics/fibreops.http://floti.bell.ac.uk/MathsPhysics/fibreops.htmhtm

Fiber Optic Assembly Fiber Optic Assembly http://www.hubersuhnerinc.com/Products/FiberAshttp://www.hubersuhnerinc.com/Products/FiberAssembly.htmsembly.htm

http://www.hubersuhnerinc.com/Products/http://www.hubersuhnerinc.com/Products/FiberSystems.htmFiberSystems.htm

Documents

Feb. 2, 2004 Prof. Paul Lin 1 CPET 355 2. The Physical Layer - Guided Transmission Media Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering