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CPET 355 Data Communications & Networking. 7. The Application Layer: Domain Name System Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Purdue University, Fort Wayne Campus. The Application Layer (TCP/IP-based). Introduction TCP/IP Application Suites - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 11
CPET 355CPET 355Data Communications & NetworkingData Communications & Networking
7. The Application Layer:7. The Application Layer:Domain Name SystemDomain Name System
Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Paul I-Hai Lin, Professor Electrical and Computer Engineering Electrical and Computer Engineering
TechnologyTechnologyPurdue University, Fort Wayne CampusPurdue University, Fort Wayne Campus
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 22
The Application LayerThe Application Layer(TCP/IP-based)(TCP/IP-based)
IntroductionIntroduction TCP/IP Application SuitesTCP/IP Application Suites DSN – The Domain Name SystemDSN – The Domain Name System Electronics MailElectronics Mail The World Wide WebThe World Wide Web Other TCP/IP applications?Other TCP/IP applications?
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 33
Web Site References for Web Site References for StandardsStandards
W3C World Wide Web Consortium - W3C World Wide Web Consortium - http://www.w3.org/http://www.w3.org/ Internet Architecture Board (IAB) of Internet Internet Architecture Board (IAB) of Internet
Society (http://ww.isoc.org/index.html)Society (http://ww.isoc.org/index.html) Internet Engineering Task Force - Internet Engineering Task Force - http://www.ietf.org/http://www.ietf.org/ RFC Pages -RFC Pages -http://www.http://www.ietfietf.org/.org/rfcrfc.html.html International Organization for Standardization - International Organization for Standardization -
http://www.http://www.isoiso.org/.org/isoiso/en//en/ISOOnlineISOOnline..frontpagefrontpage Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers - Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers -
http://www.icann.org/http://www.icann.org/
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Request For CommentsRequest For Comments
<http://ietf.cnri.reston.va.us/rfc/><http://ietf.cnri.reston.va.us/rfc/> Working notes of the Internet Working notes of the Internet
research and development research and development communitycommunity
A RFC may be recommended by the A RFC may be recommended by the IETF to become a standard IETF to become a standard
Web site that hold archives relate to Web site that hold archives relate to the Internet and IETFthe Internet and IETF
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 55
TCP/IP ApplicationsTCP/IP Applications
Telnet: Remote Login (RFC 854)Telnet: Remote Login (RFC 854) TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol FTP: File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959)FTP: File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959) File Access using NFS (Network File File Access using NFS (Network File
Systems) and RPC (Remote Procedure Systems) and RPC (Remote Procedure Call)Call)
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 66
TCP/IP ApplicationsTCP/IP Applications
Telnet: Remote Login (RFC 854)Telnet: Remote Login (RFC 854) TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP: Trivial File Transfer Protocol FTP: File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959)FTP: File Transfer Protocol (RFC 959) File Access using NFS (Network File File Access using NFS (Network File
Systems) and RPC (Remote Procedure Systems) and RPC (Remote Procedure Call)Call)
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 77
The Domain Name SystemThe Domain Name System
The Need for Unique Name Spaces The Need for Unique Name Spaces • Binding the names and IP addressesBinding the names and IP addresses• Flat name space (no structure, a flat table)Flat name space (no structure, a flat table)• Hierarchical name space (tree type: root, node)Hierarchical name space (tree type: root, node)
The DNS Purpose: The DNS Purpose: • mapping host names and e-mail destinations to IP mapping host names and e-mail destinations to IP
addressesaddresses• Map domain names onto resource recordsMap domain names onto resource records
Resource Record (five-tuple)Resource Record (five-tuple)Domain_name Domain_name Time_to_liveTime_to_live ClassClass TypeType ValueValue
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 88
The Domain Name SystemThe Domain Name System
A hierarchical, domain-based naming A hierarchical, domain-based naming scheme, and a distributed database scheme, and a distributed database systemsystem
A distributed Internet directory serviceA distributed Internet directory service RFC 1034 – Domain Name: Concepts & RFC 1034 – Domain Name: Concepts &
Facilities, 1987Facilities, 1987 RFC 1035 – Domain Name: RFC 1035 – Domain Name:
Implementation and Specification, 1987Implementation and Specification, 1987
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 99
Domain Name SpaceDomain Name Space
Each node in the DNS tress has a “Label”Each node in the DNS tress has a “Label” A domain is a subtree of the domain name A domain is a subtree of the domain name
spacespace Each node has a “Domain Name”Each node has a “Domain Name” ICANN (ICANN (www.icann.orgwww.icann.org) Internet ) Internet
Corporation for Assigned Names and Corporation for Assigned Names and NumbersNumbers
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 1010
Distribution of Domain NameDistribution of Domain Name
Two Top Level Domains before year 2000: Two Top Level Domains before year 2000: Generic and CountriesGeneric and Countries
In Nov. 2000, ICANN approved In Nov. 2000, ICANN approved • Four new general purpose top-level domains: Four new general purpose top-level domains:
biz (business), info (information), name (people’s biz (business), info (information), name (people’s name), pro (professions)name), pro (professions)
• Three specialized top-level domains:Three specialized top-level domains: aero (aerospace industry), coop (co-operatives), aero (aerospace industry), coop (co-operatives),
and museum and museum
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 1111
Domain Name SpaceDomain Name Space
The Country Domain - ISO 3166The Country Domain - ISO 3166 Top-Level Domain Name Examples (Generic)Top-Level Domain Name Examples (Generic)
• com com - commercial- commercial• eduedu - educational institutions- educational institutions• orgorg - nonprofit organizations- nonprofit organizations• netnet - network providers- network providers• govgov - the U.S. federal government- the U.S. federal government• milmil - the U.S. armed forces- the U.S. armed forces• intint - certain international organizations, - certain international organizations,
www.un.intwww.un.int
April 5, 2004April 5, 2004 Prof. Paul LinProf. Paul Lin 1212
Domain Name SpaceDomain Name Space
Top-Level Countries Domain Top-Level Countries Domain ((http://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htmhttp://www.iana.org/cctld/cctld-whois.htm))
• usus - U.S.- U.S.• mxmx - Mexico- Mexico• twtw - Taiwan- Taiwan• krkr - Korean- Korean• JpJp - Japan- Japan• nlnl - Netherlands- Netherlands• brbr - Brazil- Brazil
