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halfway through thesis year
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e // [email protected] // courtneyhorst.com
courtneyHORST
0 // RESUME__3
1 // THESIS urban cemetery_6
2 // EXHIBITIONS pyroclast__14 hosiery__16 fall 2011 travel program__18
3 // ACADEMIC friendship retirement community__22 pleated tower__26 sustainable train station__28 giacometti gallery__30 chicago financial center__32
4 // PROFESSIONAL lancaster public library donor signage__38 grace memorial garden__40
1
2
My name is Courtney Horst. I am a graduating fifth year architecture student from Virginia Tech interested in architecture which engages the end-user. I believe it is important for the occupant to be involved in the design process. In this way, the user will feel a sense of ownership and take pride in promoting the work. Architecture is the mediator between the public and space; how it influences the person is the measure of its success.
3
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4
THES
IS
5
churchyard as the cemetery cemetery enveloped by the city relocation of the cemetery cemetery sprawl
6
URBAN CEMETERYTH
ESIS
“Show me the mannor in which
a Nation or Community cares for its dead
and I will measure with mathematical exactness
the tender mercies of its people, their respect for the laws of the land, and
their loyalty to high ideals.”
William E. Gladstone
29 Dec 1809 - 19 May 1898
British politician
ground burial of bodies wall burial of cremated remains
Once located at the center of town along side the church, the cemetery has since been pushed to the outskirts of the city. Cemetery sprawl will continue to get worse and thus move the remains of loved ones further and further from their homes in the city. This thesis aims to resolved cemetery sprawl by densifying the typology and reinserting it in the city center. Winston-Salem was selected as a test city.A narrative was established to define the coexistance and interaction of the overworld and the underworld. It states that both the living and the dead build from the ground plane and move up (in the case of the living) and down (in the case of the dead). Whereas the living reside in a
skyscraper, the dead reside in a void carved into the ground. The densest form of burial is inserting cremated remains in a wall called a columbarium. Columbaria can become as vast and flat as a skyscraper; to prevent this, each burial niche is bent inwards to create a small, personal space for the deceased and the living to coexist. The columbaria exist as beams which hold the retaining walls apart. Because the living are not permanent residents of the underworld, scaffolding has been added to aid their visits to the deceased.A paradox exists where those who have died have built the world of the living but the living have built the world of the dead.
7
site section
Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
8
URBAN CEMETERYTH
ESIS
Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
niche plans: open, closed
niche elevations: open, closed
niche model: open, closed
Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
9
AnnemarieHeinrichs
Apr 17, 1925-Sep 23, 2012
Margaret
E. W. Webb
May 24, 1923-Sep 23, 2012
Bruce
W. Boyles
Jan 5, 1957
-Sep 24, 2102
PauletteC. Hess
Mar 22, 1950-Sep 27, 2012
JohnL. StyersOct 1, 1929-Sep 27, 2012
Jonathan
M. Smith
Jun 8, 1932-Oct 1, 2012
Rosbon
D. B. Whedbee
Apr 23, 1940
-Sep 28, 2012
William
E. Flynt
Feb 5 1930
-Oct 5 2012
Linda
B. Kallam
Oct 1, 1946
-Oct 2, 2012
Jonathan
M. Smith
Jun 8, 1932
-Feb 1, 2008
Gwendolyn
A. Gasaway
Apr 15, 1917
-Sep 29, 2012
Jonathan
M. SmithJun 8, 1932
-Feb 1, 2008
Martha
J. Walser
Jan 29, 1946
-Sep 23, 2012
Jonathan
N. Moyer
Jun 8, 1932
-Feb 1, 2011
Jonathan
M. Smith
Jun 8, 1932
-Feb 1, 2008
Madolyn
H. Kittenger
Jul 19, 1919
-Oct 3, 2012
Edward
T. Mulvey, Jr.
Feb 15, 1927
-Oct 1, 2012
Katherine
A. White
Feb 9, 1937
-Sep 25, 2012
Edwin
B. McGuire
Jan 4, 1917-Sep 26, 2012
JonathanM. Smith
Jun 8, 1932-Feb 1, 2008
JonathanM. Smith
Jun 8, 1932-Feb 1, 2008
Jonathan
M. Smith
Jun 8, 1932-Feb 1, 2008
Jonathan
M. Smith
Jun8, 1932
-Feb 1, 2008
Annemarie
Heinrichs
Apr 17, 1925
-Sep 23, 2012
Margaret
E. W. Webb
May 24, 1923
-Sep 23, 2012
Paulette
C. Hess
Mar 22, 1950
-Sep 27, 2012
John
L. Styers
Oct 1, 1929
-Sep 27, 2012
Linda
B. Kallam
Oct 1, 1946
-Oct 2, 2012
GwendolynA. Gasaway
Apr 15, 1917-Sep 29, 2012
JonathanM. Smith
Jun 8, 1932-Feb 1, 2008
Marth
a
J. Wal
ser
Jan 29
, 194
6
-Sep 2
3, 20
12Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
Linda S.
Rittle
11 Mar 1897
3 Nov 1996
interior rendering interior rendering
columbarium sections columbarium elevation, plan
The city of Winston-Salem is regular and ordered.
Movement and structure are bound to the ground plane.
Horizontally people are confined to the sidewalks. They can
only move vertically through towers. They cannot move
vertically and horizontally at the same time--movement
exists in one dimension. We are confined in our own world. The
spirits of the dead are free to roam in the negative space,
unbounded to the ground plane. The window is the interface
between the two beings. To the living, the ground plane is
uninhabitable. We are prisoners of our own world.
WORLDOVERUNDER
The underground city of Winston-Salem isalso regular and ordered, but in a different mannerthan the aboveground world. The movement of thedead is vertical outside of their builtenvironment and horizontal within it. They areconfined to the positive space. The living havefree range of the negative space, moving in allthree dimensions at once. Despite this, the livingare still governed by gravity. Makeshift walkwayshave been constructed to aid accessibility. Theniche is the interface between the two beings. Tothe dead, the ground plane keeps them from theworld which expelled them; their eternal life ishere, underground.
The city of Winston-Salem is regular and ordered.
Movement and structure are bound to the ground plane.
Horizontally people are confined to the sidewalks. They can
only move vertically through towers. They cannot move
vertically and horizontally at the same time--movement
exists in one dimension. We are confined in our own world. The
spirits of the dead are free to roam in the negative space,
unbounded to the ground plane. The window is the interface
between the two beings. To the living, the ground plane is
uninhabitable. We are prisoners of our own world.
WORLDOVER UNDER
The underground city of Winston-Salem isalso regular and ordered, but in a different mannerthan the aboveground world. The movement of thedead is vertical outside of their builtenvironment and horizontal within it. They areconfined to the positive space. The living havefree range of the negative space, moving in allthree dimensions at once. Despite this, the livingare still governed by gravity. Makeshift walkwayshave been constructed to aid accessibility. Theniche is the interface between the two beings. Tothe dead, the ground plane keeps them from theworld which expelled them; their eternal life ishere, underground.
10
plan
section
URBAN CEMETERYTH
ESIS
11
rendering from bottom floor of cemetery
12
EXH
IBIT
ION
S
13
14
PYROCLASTEX
HIB
ITIO
NS
possible outcomes
exhibition demonstration
pressure sensors rotary sensors
Pyroclast, named after the billowing material ejected from the earth during a volcanic eruption, combines the visual and tactile qualities of wool to create an interface that enhances our understanding of the relationship between sight and touch. Its microscopic fibers play with photons and nerve receptors to create soft changes in light and texture. Pyroclast explores the relationship between these two conditions by allowing users to manipulate a network of wool and felt-covered sensors, which in turn control a rippling geometric field projected onto a screen of wool. (four-person collaboration, role included team leader and digital production)
15
diagram of digital and analog connections wool screen
Using the idea of passage, an architectural installation was created using the same robotics as pyroclast. Thirty-six mesh tubes are hung to obstruct a path. As the passerby runs his or her fingers along a row of six photocells, a digital surface fluctuates. This surface controls motors and gears connected to each row of tubes. When untouched, each row has four expanded tubes with a contracted tube on each end. As the motor turns, the center tubes contract upwards to remove the obstruction while the end tubes expand to form a pathway. (four-person collaboration)
rendering
photocells digital surface
physical interaction
gears
16
HOSIERYEX
HIB
ITIO
NS
obstruction becomes path
17
tubes
After the Virginia Tech Fall 2011 Travel Program, photos and sketches from the 60 cities visited were hung in the lobby of Virginia Tech’s architecture building, Cowgill Hall. Sketchbooks from the trip were on display. (35-person collaboration; role included team leader, producing exhibition poster)
18
FALL 2011 TRAVEL PROGRAMEX
HIB
ITIO
NS exhibition poster
exhibition
French National Library, Perrault, Paris Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli
Sant’Ivo alla Sapienza, Borromini, Rome
French National Library, Perrault, Paris
Studio, Roth, Hamburg Pinakothek Der Modern, Braunfels, Munich
19
AC
AD
EMIC
20
21
FRIENDSHIP RETIREMENT COMMUNITYA
CA
DEM
IC
22
model
interior rendering
wall detail concept sketch
section
23
Friendship Retirement Community of Roanoke, VA planned to add an independent living development to their campus. They were interested in building 10-20 homes and a community center.Quality of life is based on the living conditions and resources which are readily available. The elderly have very specific needs and it is the job of the architect to meet those needs. The units are tailored to the elderly, acknowledging their desire to live independently as long as possible. The shelving and countertops can be repositioned on the wall to make them handicap-accessible. Two major axes divide the house into levels of privacy, encouraging residents to entertain guests. Residents are also encouraged to interact with the pubic on the retirement community campus, located across the street from a neighborhood with many young families. The public is invited to a playground, a garden, and a community center where they can participate in intergenerational programs with the residents. A community center, located at the intersection of the neighborhood axis and the retirement community axis, houses opportunities for cards, Wii, gardening classes, and arts & crafts.
FRIENDSHIP RETIREMENT COMMUNITYA
CA
DEM
IC
24
site section
conceptual plan
25
community center interior rendering
public path sketch public path sketch private path sketch community garden rendering
PLEATED TOWERaxial section
The idea of porosity in a tower is reflected in a tower’s ability to open in a way which engages its inhabitants. In the same way as the exploration of openness, the skin’s modules are folded to create breaks in the regularity. With horizontal folds, floor plates are carved away to make outdoor space. While these pleats carve away from the floor plate and therefore lease span, the sacrifice is worth the cost because meditation is the key missing element in traditional office towers.
AC
AD
EMIC
26
model
exterior rendering rendering of meditation spaceelevation
SKIN (1:250) STRUCTURE (1:250) CIRCULATION (1:250)
FLOOR 26_OUTDOOR
FLOOR 25_OFFICE
FLOOR 24_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 23_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 22_OFFICE
FLOOR 21_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 20_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 19_OFFICE
FLOOR 18_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 17_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 16_MAINTENANCE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 15_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 14_OFFICE
FLOOR 13_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 12_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 11_OFFICE
FLOOR 10_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 9_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 8_OFFICE
FLOOR 7_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 6_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 5_MAINTENANCE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 4_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 3_OFFICE
FLOOR 2_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
FLOOR 1_OFFICE/OUTDOOR
GROUND FLOOR LOBBY
parti diagram
27
plan
section with summer sun and winter sun
Virginia Society American Institute of Architects competition 2011Honorable Mention at Virginia Tech
An aging town in Virginia seeks an Amtrak station to bring vibrance to their town. The station focuses on natural daylighting and passive cooling. A brick facade faces the street to be unified with the existing architecture. Behind the facade lies a sculptural building which was designed with the environment in mind. The centerpiece is a windscoop which directs the southern summer breezes down into the main lobby, refreshing the inhabitants. The building is transparent to the low winter sun which passes through the hexagonal brick ceiling and lights the ticket counter. In the summer, the high sun is reflected on a set of rotating mirrors to provide the ticket counter with light from the opposite direction.
28
SUSTAINABLE TRAIN STATIONA
CA
DEM
IC
29
interior rendering
GIACOMETTI GALLERYmodel
interior rendering
plan
Walking Man, Giacometti
AC
AD
EMIC
30
Taking its inspiration from the movement of water around rocks in a stream, this art gallery is made of winding pathways circulating around static columns. It is within these columns that the gallery spaces exist to display the sculptures of Alberto Giacometti. The path’s walls are made of concrete which have translucent fibers allowing diffuse light to enter the space. The glass wall at the end of each path is set back from the edge, giving the sense that the path continues past its boundary. Several of these pivot open to give opportunity to explore the site grounds of undulating grassy field.
model exterior rendering
31
CHICAGO FINANCIAL CENTERsite map with land-use study
site section
plans: ground floor, trade floor, typical office floor`A
CA
DEM
IC
32
As the new gateway to the financial district, Chicago Financial Center aims to use trading as a bridge between the public and private sectors. The shape of the tower is derived from desired sun exposure, an existing alleyway, and funneling elements connecting the old Chicago Financial Plaza and Chicago Financial Park. The structural system creates diamond configurations, which sometimes block views out. At these points, triangular cutouts have been extracted from the floor plate the provide alternate views down through the towers levels.
sun study diagram
exploded parti diagramLEASABLE OFFICE SPACE
VIEWING DECK
TRADING FLOOR
EMPLOYEE LOUNGE
EXECUTIVE LOUNGE
BOARDROOM
CME OFFICES
LEASABLE OFFICE LOBBY
CME LOBBY
CFP LOBBY
CAFE
RESTAURANT
VISITORS’ GALLERY
BROADCAST CENTER
FREE SPACE
33
PLATEAU A 85cm DU SOL
north-south section
4.5m
0.25
m3.
5m1.
0m
0.18
m0.
55m
0.15
m
0.40
m
STEEL DECKING
HVAC
ENCASED STEEL BEAM
INSULATION
RAISED FLOOR
CONCRETE
LINE OF STEEL BEAM BEHIND
RAILING
DETAIL SECTION AT 1:20
detail section
AC
AD
EMIC
CHICAGO FINANCIAL CENTER
34
interior rendering
east elevation
interior rendering
35
PR
OFE
SS
ION
AL
36
Edward Thomas
Alston
1931-2012
Robert J.
Hubbard
1932-2012
Mary L. Spidle
1929-2012
Jean Rosalind
Vollmer
1929-2012
Ella E.
Weachter
1926-2012
Anna E.
Caplinger
1932-2012
Nancy A.
Weitzel
1938-2012
Donald W.
Fisher
1959-2012
Janice F.
Metzger
1933-2012
Edward Thomas
Alston
1931-2012
Robert J.
Hubbard
1932-2012
Mary L. Spidle
1929-2012
Jean Rosalind
Vollmer
1929-2012
Ella E.
Weachter
1926-2012
Anna E.
Caplinger
1932-2012
Nancy A.
Weitzel
1938-2012
Donald W.
Fisher
1959-2012
Janice F.
Metzger
1933-2012
37
LANCASTER PUBLIC LIBRARY DONOR SIGNAGEP
RO
FES
SIO
NA
L
$1,000-$9,999: 1.25” high glass name tile in library entryway
$10,000-$19,999: 1.5” tall glass name tile with 1.5”x1.5” photo (if desired) in library entryway
$20,000-$29,999: 1.75” tall glass name tile with 1.75”x1.75” photo (if desired) in library entryway
$30,000-$39,999: 2” tall glass name tile with 2”x2” photo (if desired) in library entryway
$40,000-$49,999: 2.25” tall glass name tile with 2.25”x2.25” photo (if desired) in library entryway
Help us fill our wall!
$100,000-249,999: Name and photo (if desired) to be added to overhead signage of section desired for minimum of seven years.*
favoriteor section
$50,000-$99,999: 4”x6” or 4”x12” glass plaque with name and
photo (if desired) to be placed on shelf or rack
of choice forminimum of five
years.*
Claim yourshelf
MM architects, inc. was commissioned to design new donor signage for the Lancaster Public Library in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. In collaboration with the executive director of the library, a brochure of the new signage was produced to seek the attention of new potentional donors. Each level of
donation had a different reward of corresponding size, ranging from a small glass panel on a donors’ wall to the naming of a section or wing after the donor. (role included design of signage and brochure exert, collaboration with executive director, and mediation between the library and sign producers)
38
$250,000-$499,999: Room naming with name above door and 4”x6” directional signage (with photo if desired) for minmum of ten years.*
leave your legacy for the public to enjoy
INFORMATIOINFORMATION
Your Name HereINFORMATION
presented by
$500,000-$749,999: Name on 1’x3’ internally lit directory sign for desks such as Information, Check-Out, Help Desk, Computer Stations, etc.
dedicate a desk...
$750,000-above: Wing or courtyard named after you or your organization. Glass signage above doorway or entrance of wing or courtyard. 11”x17” bronze plaque giving a brief biography including your ties to the library somewhere within the wing or courtyard. Portrait optional. 1’x5’ naming plaque located on front facade of the library.
SHIRLEY WATKINS STEINMANARTS & HUMANITIES WING
...honor a relative
39
GRACE MEMORIAL GARDENP
RO
FES
SIO
NA
L
CHERRY LAUREL
CRIMSON BARBERRY
HARDY ORANGE
NANDINA
FLOWERING QUINCE
MAHONIA
RELOCATE DOWNSPOUT
EDGE OF (E) BUILDING
TREE #2 TO REMAIN
TREE #1 TO REMAIN
EXISTING SIDEWALK
BRICKPATH
EXISTING MEMORIAL PLAQUE
GLC MEMORIAL GARDEN PLAQUE
CONCRETE BENCH
CONCRETEBENCH
NAME PLATES ON WALL
WATER FEATURE
GROUND FOR INTERMENT MULCHED GATHERING SPACE
FOR CEREMONIES
HARDYORANGE
FLOWERING QUINCE
CRIMSONBARBERRY
MAHONIA
CHERRY LAUREL
NANDINA
WATER FEATURE
Edward Thomas
Alston
1931-2012
Robert J.
Hubbard
1932-2012
Mary L. Spidle
1929-2012
Jean Rosalind
Vollmer
1929-2012
Ella E.
Weachter
1926-2012
Anna E.
Caplinger
1932-2012
Nancy A.
Weitzel
1938-2012
Donald W.
Fisher
1959-2012
Janice F.
Metzger
1933-2012
Edward Thomas
Alston
1931-2012
Robert J.
Hubbard
1932-2012
Mary L. Spidle
1929-2012
Jean Rosalind
Vollmer
1929-2012
Ella E.
Weachter
1926-2012
Anna E.
Caplinger
1932-2012
Nancy A.
Weitzel
1938-2012
Donald W.
Fisher
1959-2012
Janice F.
Metzger
1933-2012
exiting conditions
plan
40
Edward Thomas
Alston
1931-2012
Robert J.
Hubbard
1932-2012
Mary L. Spidle
1929-2012
Jean Rosalind
Vollmer
1929-2012
Ella E.
Weachter
1926-2012
Anna E.
Caplinger
1932-2012
Nancy A.
Weitzel
1938-2012
Donald W.
Fisher
1959-2012
Janice F.
Metzger
1933-2012
Edward Thomas
Alston
1931-2012
Robert J.
Hubbard
1932-2012
Mary L. Spidle
1929-2012
Jean Rosalind
Vollmer
1929-2012
Ella E.
Weachter
1926-2012
Anna E.
Caplinger
1932-2012
Nancy A.
Weitzel
1938-2012
Donald W.
Fisher
1959-2012
Janice F.
Metzger
1933-2012
Grace Lutheran Church in Lancaster, Pennsylvania was interested in making a memorial garden for the interment of the cremated remains of their loyal members. Plans and renderings were designed to present to potential donors. The ashes would be placed in a compostable box or directly in the ground to give the site an unlimited amount of burials. A dedication plaque for each person would be placed on the wall. The site was designed to receive a small group of people for the burial ceremony. (role included surveying site and existing plants, attending meetings with church committee, designing garden and drawings, consulting landscape designer)
rendering
cherry laurel
crimson barberry
hardy orange
mahonia
flowering quince
nandina
41
thank you.