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Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass(CREAM)
Moriond 2005
Eun-Suk SeoInstitute for Physical Science and Technology
Department of PhysicsUniversity of Maryland
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
Cosmic Ray Energy Spectra
Space & HeliosphericPhysics
BESS
ATIC
CREAM
Particle Astrophysics
ground based
AMS
Is the “knee” due to a limit in SNR acceleration?
SNR acceleration limit:
• The spectrum extends several orders of magnitude beyond the highest energies thought possible for supernova shocks
• And, there is a “knee” (index change) above 1015 eV
• SNR Signature: Characteristic elemental composition change over two decades in energy below and approaching the knee
• Direct measurements of individual elemental spectra can test the supernova acceleration model ΤeVΖZeBVT
cvE 100~~max ×
Ankle
Knee
Si matrix Measure incident charge 1≤Z≤28
Target SectionForce nuclear interactions with three 10 cm thick layers of carbon Provide a trigger and auxiliary measurements of the incident particle charge and trajectory with plastic scintillator strip hodoscopes
CalorimeterMeasure energy and shower core trajectory with a fully active BGO calorimeter (22 X0, ~1.14λI)
102
103
104
105
106
Energy (GeV/nucleon)
102
103
104
105
E2.
75 d
N/d
E (
m2 s
r s)
-1 (
GeV
/n)1.
75Protons
Helium
Is there a composition change at high energies?
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
ATIC fills the gap in P & He SpectraAhn and Seo for the ATIC collaboration, Proc. 28th ICRC, 4, 1833, 2003.
Protons
Helium
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
Calorimeter
• Three Complementary Charge Measurements• Timing-Based Charge Detector• Pixelated Silicon Charge Detector• Scintillating Fiber hodoscope
• Two Complementary Energy Measurements• Transition Radiation Detector
(velocity for Z > 3)• Tungsten-Scintillator Calorimeter
(energy for Z ≥ 1) • In-flight cross-calibration with
Z > 3 particles in both detectors ensures best possible energy determination
• Acceptance0.3 m2sr for Z = 1 & 2 1.3 m2sr for Z ≥ 3
Upper TRD Module
Lower TRD Module
Target1
Mission Support ElectronicsTRD
Gas
TCD
Cherenkov Layer
71 inches
SCDS0/S1S2S3Target2
Modular Design for Recovery
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
TRD Module
Calorimeter Module
CDM
Solar Array
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
WSCROCC
OCCPalestine
LOS
S-band Cmd
S-band tlm
IRIDIUMARGOS
TDRSSGPS
ESCWFF
ScienceOperationCenterUMD
Scienceon the ICE
CREAM Flight Operation
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
Record Breaking Flight
Launch12/16/04
Landing1/27/05
The CREAM payload flew 41 days, 21 hr, 31min in three circumnavigations of the South Pole between 12/16/04 and 1/27/05
- Previous LDB record was broken by >10 days- 14,000 nautical miles traveled- Record-Breaking Flight Press Release on 1/31/05
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
Alti
tude
(ft)
Latit
ude
(deg
)
Flight profile
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
Instrument functions well
An example event: ~10 TeV Fe
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
Flight Data: Very Preliminary Charge DistributionWithout corrections or cuts
N
Beam Test Data
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
Very Preliminary Energy Deposit Distribution
Exploring Supernova Acceleration Limit
• The left Figure compares simulated data (red squares) for protons (upper) and Helium (lower) from a 40-day flight of the Calorimeter with prior data
- These are the highest energy direct measurements of p and He- These are unique Calorimeter data below the TRD threshold
• The right Figure compares simulated data (red squares) for Oxygen (upper) and Iron (lower) from a 40-day flight of the TRD with prior data
Protons
Helium
O
Fe
Cumulative Energy Reach of CREAMProtons
1000 days
240 days
140 days
Helium
140 days
240 days
1000 days
What is the history of cosmic rays in the Galaxy?
• Comparison of expected data from a 40-day flight (black circles) of the TRD with prior data
- First B/C ratio at these high energies to distinguish among the propagation models
TRD
Bor
on/C
arbo
n R
atio
Energy (GeV/n)1 10 102 103
Eun-Suk Seo, University of Maryland
The CREAM payload has been fully recovered- NSF/OPP set up field camp at impact site - Payload was disassembled to fit inside the Twin Otter and returned to McMurdo with five flights- Payload is to be air-shipped to the U.S.
CREAM Collaboration
University of MarylandH.S. Ahn, O. Ganel, K.C. Kim, M.H. Lee, L. Lutz, A. Malinin, E.S. Seo, Y.S.Yoon, S.Y. Zinn
University of ChicagoJ. Capodagli, C. Smith, S. Swordy
Penn State UniversityN.B. Conklin, S. Coutu, S.I. Mognet
Ohio State UniversityJ.J. Beatty
University of MinnesotaJ.T. Childers, M.A. Duvernois
Northern Kentucky UniversityS. Nutter
University of Siena & INFN, ItalyM.G. Bagliesi, G. Bigongiari, P. Maestro, P.S. Marrocchesi, R. Zei
Ewha Womans University, S. KoreaJ.H. Han, H.J. Hyun, M.Y. Kim, J.K. Lee, S.W. Nam, I.H. Park, N.H. Park, J. Yang
Kyungpook National University, S. KoreaH.J. Kim, Y.J. Kim, H. Park
Laboratorire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Grenoble, FranceM. Buenerd, A, Barrau, L. Derome, K. Protasov
Centre d'étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse, FranceR. Bazer-Bachi
Instituto de Fisica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, MexicoA.Menchaca-Rocha