Cortical Anatomy

A systems approach

http:/da.biostr.washington.edu/da.html

Overview

• Orientation to the brain• Visual systems- recognition and higher level

processing• “where” systems, parietal lobe functions• Language systems, reading• Frontal lobe systems• Memory systems: HC and BG• Social and emotional systems

Lobar Anatomy

CS

IFG

MFGSFG M1

S1

IPL

SMG AG SO

IO

ST

MT

IT

Dorsal View

SFS

SPL

M1

S1

IPS

SFG

Insula and TTG

Medial ViewMedial FGGFD 6

Cingulate 32, 24

P-O

Calcarine

Inf OG

Sup OG

Mid OG

Retrosplenial Cortex 30

PCL Precuneus

31,23

Ventral View, limbic system exposed

Orbital 11,47

Gyrus rectus 11/12

PHG 36

Lingual 17-19

Fusiform 37

ERC 28/34

Subcortical regions

CaudatePutamenGlobus pallidusthalamus

Brodmann’s maps

Visual system

Visual Pathway

Retinotopy: Background

STL38, 22

MTL 21ITL 20

IPLSMG 40/AG 39

OCC19 18

O-TFUSIFORM37

Visual System- what vs where

Levy et al.: Methods

Stimuli: Faces, houses; center, periphery

Visual System- what vs where

Parietal cortex and spaceCS IPS

IPS

Fronto-parietal attention/Working memory

networksIPSDLPFC

IPS

FEF

Ventral PFC- regulation, response inhibition

Lateral, Medial OFC

Relational Complexity testRelational Complexity test

Kroger, Sabb, Fales, Bookheimer, Cohen, Holyoak 2002

Distractor Control

LH Language System

A1, A2 41,42 Heschls

38: high levelCategorical rep

20/37 Basal temporal naming area

22/21Auditory comp“Wernicke’s

39 AGAud/visIntegrationincludingreading

40 SMG phoneme sequencing

SSMA (medial) 6

Exner’s areawriting

IFG44,45,47(see next slide)

Auditory cortex activation with

speech

Frontal language areas

4 56 6

8

6 9

1010

9

IFG dissociations

47 Orbitalis: Semantic integration

45 triangularissyntax

44 opercularisPhonology, sequencing

Orbital frontal cortex: 47/45• Arguments about its job: semantics; verbal

selection; selection generally• Integration of (semantic) information• Lesion/electrical stimulation: semantic

integration deficits: normal object naming, grammatic speech; impaired auditory responsive naming

4

Ventral View, limbic system exposed

Orbital 11,47

Gyrus rectus 11/12

PHG 36

Lingual 17-19

Fusiform 37

ERC 28/34

Facial Emotions “Match” “Label” Control

Match Expressions: Perception only; implicit emotional processingLabel Expressions: Explicit cognitive analysis

Match Affect- normal adults

Hariri et al., 1999

amygdala

face area

-seeing negative face expressions activates Face and Fear brain centers

Label Affect

Hariri et al., 1999

amygdala

-interpreting negative face expressions activates Face brain center …

Cortical Influence During “Label”

Hariri et al., 1999

-this frontal lobe region regulates and controls Fear brain centers

Memory systems: hippocampus

Hippocampal Circuitry

PRC

PHG

ERC

Sub

DG CA 3

CA 1

fornix

Anterior Posterior

Known by tracer studies in monkeys, rats, and the cat.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Enough neuroanatomy for one day

A

B

M1 tongue

Medial PMC M1 hand

Insular motor,Sensory cortex

Surface

M1 4 S1 213SFG 6,8,10,11

MFG 9, 10, 46

IFG 4445, 47

LPMC 6

Temporal/OccipitalJunction

Superior TemporalGyrus (posterior)

Angular Gyrus

Supramarginal Gyrus

Inferior FrontalGyrus

Brain Regions in Reading