Contact: pjacobetty@uoc.edu

The Genealogy of Anonymous as a Symbol The Genealogy of Anonymous as a Symbol for Globally Distributed Political for Globally Distributed Political

ActionActionPedro JacobettyPedro Jacobetty

IN3-UOC (Internet Interdisciplinary Institute of the Open University of Catalonia)IN3-UOC (Internet Interdisciplinary Institute of the Open University of Catalonia)

Hacktivism

Los_Zetas

CBS _ News

Barr et t _Brown

Ap od aca_p r i son _r i ot

S t rat for

The_Ne w_Yor k_Tim es

Dist r ib uted _d en ial-of- service_ at tack

Internet

File_sh aring

Tran sm ission _ Con t rol _Pro tocol

Th e_Re g ister

S ome th in g _Awfu l

Julian_ Assange

IP_ad d r ess

Black_fax

Botn et

YouTu be

Occupy_move ment

Malwa re

Low_Orb it _Ion _Can n on

WikiLeaks

Min ecr aft

Food _N ot_Bom b s

Occupy_Wall_S treet

Timel in e_of_th e _Lib yan _civil_w ar_b e fore_m ilit ary_ in terven t ion

Arab _Spr ing

BBC_ News

United_S tates_dipl omatic_ca bles_le ak

Al-Qae d a

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_( In d ia)

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak

The_Guar dian

Billb oard _ Lib er at ion _Fr on t

Culture _jamm ing

Billb oard _ Ut ilisin g_Graffit ist s_Ag a in st _Un h e alth y_Pr omot io n s

Nad im _Kob e issi

LulzSe cComp u ter_su r veillan ce

Internet_cen sorshipHector_X avier _Mon se g u r

Internet_activi sm

List _of_E xt r a_Cre d it s_ep iso d es

Cop yr i g h t _in fr in g eme n t

Stop_Onli ne_Pi racy_A ct

Th e_E scap ist _(m ag azin e)

S teu b en ville_H ig h _S ch ool_r ap e_ca se

Ch ild _ p orn og rap hy

S u icid e_of_Reh taeh _Pa rson s

S teu b en ville,_Oh io

Fox_New s_Ch an n el

Occu p y_S an _Fran ciscoOccu p y_S an _José

Timel ine_of_Occup y_Wall_S treet

15_October _2011_ global _protests

New_Y ork_Ci ty

We_are_ th e_9 9 %

List_of_Occupy_m oveme nt_protest_l ocations

Occupy_Oakland

Gesellsch aft _für _mu si kalisch e_ Au ffüh r u n g s-_ u n d _mech an isch e_Ver vielfä l t ig u n g srech te

Broa d cast _Mu si c,_In c.

Denial -of-ser vice_attack

Record in g _In d ust ry_Associ at ion _of_A mer ica

Wired _( mag a zin e)

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_( Ir an )

Élect r icité_d e_F ran ce

S t reisa n d _effect

S al_R an d olp h

Th e_Jester

Op erat ion _An t iS ec

4chan

Grey_h at

CBS _ In teract ive

PC_M ag azin e

ZDNet

In tern et _Re lay_Ch a tWestb oro_B ap t ist _Ch u rch Ziff_Davis

Occu p y_Win d sor

Occu p y_move men t_h a n d _sig n als

Pat r io t ic_Nig r as

Hab b o

LOL

Decen t ra lizat ion

Gr iefer

Mu lt ip le-u se_ n ame

In tern et _vig ilan t ism

Vir tu al_comm u n ity

Troll _(Intern et)

In tern et _m eme

Avatar_ ( comp u t in g )

Au st ralian _Fe d erat ion _Ag a in st _Cop yr ig h t _Th eft

Mot ion _ Pictu re _Associa t ion _of_A mer i ca

Th e_Y es_Men

Electro nic_Fr ontier_ Founda tion

Imp rov_ E veryw h ere

2 0 1 2 _St rat for_e mail_ leak

S cien tol og y_b el iefs_an d _ p ract ices

Op erat ion _Clam b ake

L._Ron _H u b b ard Narcon on

Church _of_Scie ntology

Scientol ogy

Hacker_ g rou p

List _of_h acke r_g rou p s

2 0 1 1 _in _th e_Un ited _S tates

Gaza_S t r i p

Mit t _Rom n ey_p r esid en t ia l_camp aig n ,_2 0 1 2

Un ited _S tates_Dep a rtmen t_of_Ju st ice

News_In ter n at ion al _p h on e _h ackin g _scan d al

Kan sas

S QL_in j ect ion

New_Y ork_S tock_E xch an g e

Ug an d a

Bank_o f_Amer ica

List _of_an a rch ist _or g an iza t ion s

MasterC ard

Visa_In c.

Operation _Payba ck

YTMN D

Amazo n.com

Wiki

Dian et ics

Pan op t icon

Nat ion al _S ecu r it y_Ag en cy

Pillo w_fig h t _flash _mob

Nat ion al _Post

S mar t _mob

Boston

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(P akistan )

Mah d i _(ma lware )

Flame _(ma lware )

Stuxnet

Goatse_S ecu r it y

Ars_T ech n ica

Gay_Nig g e r_Asso ciat ion _o f_Amer ica

E n cyclop ed ia_D rama t ica

Weev

PayPa l

Gawker

Jacob _A p p elb au m

Wor ld _T omor row

Wikileaks- related _Twit ter_ su b p oen as

CNET

Birgit ta_Jón sd ó t t ir

Tor_( anonym ity_networ k)

An arch y

Th e_Da vid _Pa kman _S h ow

S an d y_ Hook_E lemen tary_S ch ool_sh o ot in g

Top iar y_(h a ckt ivist )

BBC

S h irley_Ph elp s-R op er

Th e_Ob ser ver

Time_ In c.

Time_ (mag azine)

Occu p y_Bath

Bath _P eop le' s_Assem b ly

Occupy_Lond on

Ban k_o f_Id eas

We_Are _Leg io n

Ch r istop h er_Wea th erh ead

Proj ect_Chano logy

Joh n _Do e

Cyb erb u llyin g

S cien tol og y_con t r oversie s

Occu p y_S yd n ey

Amazo n _E la st ic_Comp u te_Clou d

Th e_S p amh a u s_Pr oject

S yman tec

Op erat ion _Ab ab il

Joe_Lie b erm an

Cryp tom e

We_S teal_ S ecre t s:_Th e_S tor y_of_WikiLe aks

Al_Jaze era_E n g lish

S ara h _Pal inPresi d en t_of_B razil

Afg h an _ War_d ocu men ts_le ak

Time_ 1 0 0

Brad ley_Ma nning

Hacker_ ( term)

Ju ly_1 2 ,_2 0 0 7 _B ag h d ad _airst r ike

Rob in _ Hood

Cen t ral _In tellig e n ce_Ag en cy

S tars_vi ru s

Ad r ian _Ch e n

Darkn e t_( file_sh ar in g)

Cyb ercu ltu re

2 0 0 6 _Ivor y_Coast _toxi c_waste_d u mp

New_Y ork_( mag azi n e)

Occu p y_S acr amen to

Bay_A rea_R ap id _T ran sit

Occu p y_Cal

2 0 1 1 _Oakl an d _g e n eral _st r ike

Occu p y_th e_Fa rm

Rop _Gon g g r ijp

Jerem y_Hamm on d

Bu sin e ss_In sid er

V_for_ Ven d et ta_( film)Alan _ Moor e

V_for_ Vende tta

Guy_Fawkes_ mask

Occu p y_D.C.

List _of_p r otest _mar ch es_on _ Wash in g ton ,_D .C.

S kyp e

Occu p y_Com ics

Adbuster s

Zu ccot t i_Pa rk

An t i-C ou n ter fei t in g _Tr ad e_A g reem en t

Th e_P irate_B ay

Don ald _Tu sk

Qu in n _No rton

CBS

Fox_Br oad cast in g _Com p an y

S on y

KTTV

Occu p y_S an _Dieg o

Occu p y_Los_A n g eles

Iraq _War _d ocu m en ts_leak

Th e_P eop le' s_Lib r ary

Occu p y_Tor on to

Op Israel

Istan b u l

An kar a

Op erat ion _Leaksp i n

Th e_Illu min atu s!_T r ilog y

Cou n ter cu ltu re

Big g ie_S m alls

Tu p ac_S h aku r

Free_ sp eech _i n _th e_m ed ia_d u r in g_th e_Lib yan _civil _war

S elf-ce n sorsh i p

Gold _Ba se

Tom_C ru ise

Keith _H en son

Timel in e_of_Occu p y_Oaklan d

Occu p y_Hou ston

Ban k_T ran sfer _Day

Occu p y_Ot tawa

Gen eral _assemb ly_(Occu p y_ movem en t )

Occu p y_Can a d a

Och locracy

Collect ive _con sciou sn ess

Crowd _p sych olo g y

ROFLCon

Rickrol ling

Occu p y_Red w ood _Ci ty

Occu p y_S ea t t le

Con su m er_Re p ort s

Mask

K iss_( b an d )

Ch ron olog y_o f_Occu p y_move men t_r aid s

Occu p y_Ph i lad elp h ia

Occu p y_Ch ica g o

Occupy_move ment_in _the_Uni ted_States

Torr en t _file

Ar ista_ Record s_LLC_v._L ime_Gr ou p _LL C

Feb ru ary_2 0 1 0 _Aust ralian _cyb era t tacks

S op h o s

Gen e_S i mmon s

Min ist r y_of_S ou n d

ACS :La w

Aip lex_S oftwar e

S ara h _Pal in _em ail_h a ck

S h ot_h e ard _' rou n d_th e_wor ld

LimeWir e

E veryD NS

PostFin a n ce

McAfee

S u icid e_of_Am an d a_ Tod d

We_Are _Leg io n :_Th e_S tory_of_th e _Hackt ivist s

Th e_S u b mar in es

S h awn _Lon sd a le

Trap Wir e

Cr it ical _Fore ig n _De p en d en cies_In it iat ive

Kr ist inn _Hra fn sson

Du q u

Fig h t _A g ain st _Co ercive_ Tact ics_Netwo rk

Arn ie_Ler ma

Scientol ogy_and _the_Intern et

Lawre n ce_Wolle rsh eim

In tern at ional_re act ion s_to_th e _Tu n isi an _re volu t ion

Th e_B u b b le_ Proj ect

Occu p y_E u g en e

S on y_C omp u ter _E n ter tain men t_Amer ica_v._Geo rg e_H otzPlayS tation_3

PlayS tat ion _Netwo rk_ou tag e

David _S ._Tou r etzky

Dig ital_ Mille n n iu m_Cop yr ig h t _Act

Georg e_ Hotz

PlayS tat ion _Netwo rk

Aaro n _Bar r

Man Te ch _In tern a t ion al

Greg _Ho g lu n d

Leag u e _of_Leg e n d s

PC_Wor ld _(m ag azin e)

Broa d cast _sig n a l_in t rusion

Televisà £ o_In d e p en d en teTVI_2 4

S cien tol og y_an d _ab or t ion

Occu p y_At lan ta

2 0 1 2 _C an ad ia n _Gran d _Pr i x

Lon d on _S tock_E xch an g e

Giles_Fr aser

E n g lish _Defen ce _Leag u e

UK_Un cu t

The_S un_(U nited_K ingdom )

Cacop h o n y_S oci ety

S ain t _S tu p id 's_Day_Pa rad e

Joh n _La w_(B u rn ing _Man )

Jokela

Th e_P irate_B ay_t r ia l

Occu p y_Ch ar lot tesville

S elf-o rg an izat ion

Fin Fish er

Détou rnemen t

S u b ver t isin g

S yr ia _Files

Heather _Mar sh

RedHack

Ru d olf_E lmer

In tern et _cen sorsh ip _in _A u st ralia

K issin g er_cab les

HBGary

Ch illin g _E ffect s

Hu n ton _& _Willia ms

Camp _ Delta_S tan d ard_Op erat in g _Pr oced u r es

React ion s_ to_th e_Un i ted _S tates_d ip lom at ic_cab le s_leakGu an tan am o_Bay_ files_lea k

Ad r ian _Lam o

Ban k_Ju liu s_B aer_vs._Wiki Leaks

Dan iel _Domsch eit -Be rg

Un ited _S tates_S en ten cin g _C ommi ssion

S ear ch _E n g in e_( rad io_sh ow)

Occu p y_Texas_ S tate

Hou ston _C h ron icle

Occu p y_Au st in

Occu p y_Pr ovid en ce

Hu man _micr op h on e

User_D atag ram _Pr otocol

An on ym ity

An on ym ity_ap p l icat ion

Occu p y_Ber lin

Occu p y_Bu ffer _Zon e

Occu p y_Dam e_S t re etOccu p y_E d i n b u rgh

Pu b li c_Rad io _In tern at ion al

Ph otosen sit ive_ep i lep sy

Law_en forceme n t_an d _th e_Occu p y_mo vemen t

Occu p y_Nig e r ia

Yo_S oy_1 3 2

Occu p y_Mel b ou rne

Occu p y_Por t lan d

UC_Davi s_p ep p e r-sp r ay_in ci d en t

Occu p y_S al t _Lake_Ci ty

Occu p y_Datar an

Occu p y_Glasg ow

Discon n e ct ion

Alt .relig ion .scien tolog y

Timel in e_of_S cien tolo g y

An t isec_M oveme n t

Passwor d _cra ckin g

Booz_A llen _ Hamil ton

Passwor d

Th e_Occu p i ed _Tim es_of_Lo n d on

Dist r ib uted _d en ial_of_ser vice_at tacks_o n _roo t _n amese rvers

Livejou rn al

S eizu r e_of_M eg au p load

Meg au p load

An on

An on ym ou s

Cyb ercr ime_ Preve n t ion _A ct _of_2 0 1 2

S cien tol og y_in _ th e_Un ited _K in g d om

Reactions_ to_Occupy_Wall_ Street

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(A sia_an d _Ocean ia)

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_( Isr ael)

Gaza

An on tu ne

Recep t ion _of_WikiLea ks

Occu p y_Rose_ Para d e

Dig ital_ an th ropolog y

Gab r iel la_Col eman

Bewar e_th e_B atman

Occu p y_S al em

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(A mer icas)

Occu p y_Bu ffalo

Occu p y_S t ._Lou is

Never_ Gon n a_Give_ You _U p

Imag eb o ard

Hal_Tu rn er

Not_safe_for _work

Br ian _Pen n y

Beck_v._E ilan d -Hall

Timel in e_of_e ven ts_in vol vin g _A n on ymo u s

Ur im in zokkir i

Mar i n e_Cor p s_Br ig ,_Qu an t ico

Don n ch a _O'Cear b h aill

Bah r ain _Gra n d _Pr ix

Kar i n _Pou w

Un ited _S tates_v._Br ad ley_M an n ing

In format io n _p u b lish ed _b y_WikiLeaks

Occu p y_Reykja vÃk

WikiLeaks:_In sid e_Ju lia n _Assan g e's_War _on _S ecrecy

Tilma n _Hau sh err

S p or g ery

S ocial _S ecu r it y_n u mb er

Ar izo n a_S B _1 0 7 0

Ven tu reBeat

2 0 1 2 _Nu evo_La red o_ massacr es

Polit ica l_p osit io n s_of_Joe_ Lieb er man

Meg au p load _ leg al_ case

Messag e _to_S cie n tolog y

An d reas_Hel d al-L u n d

Lath am_ &_Watkin s

Tory_C h r istman

Balt im ore_C ity_Pap e r

All_M y_S on s

Kar i n _S p a in k

Mark_ Bu n ker

DDoS

Ug an d a_An t i-Homose xu alit y_B ill

Amam a_Mb ab azi

Glob al_b rain

Occu p y_Th an et

Comp a r ison _ of_file_sh a r in g _ap p lica t ion s

Joh n _P au l_Ou luOscar_Ka mau _K in g ara

Molly_ Wood

UGNazi

In tern et _memes

My_Lit t le_ Pon y:_Fr ien d sh ip _Is_Ma g ic_fan d o m

Net flix

E lect ro n ic_civil _d isob e d ien ce

Telecom ix

Timel in e_of_e ven ts_associa ted _with _A n on ym ou s

List _of_Occu p y_m oveme n t_p rotest _locat ion s_i n _Cali forn iaList _of_Occu p y_m oveme n t_p rotest _locat ion s_i n _th e_Un ited _S tates

S cien o _S it ter

History_o f_mu sic_p iracy

Tr ickster

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(E u rope)

Occu p y_Nash vi lle

Occu p y_Roch e ster_NY

Occu p y_Boston

Occu p y_Har vard

Occu p y_Las_V eg as

Occu p y_Ash l an d

Occu p y_Pit t sb u r g h

Occu p y_Ch ar lot te

Revere n d _Bi lly_an d _th e_Ch u rch _of_S top _S h op p in g

Wh ir l- Mart

Billion air es_for_B u sh

Lu th er_ Blisset t _( n om_d e_p lu m e)

Cr it icism _of_eB ay

Occu p y_p ro test s_in _New _Zeala n d

React ion s_ to_th e_Occu p y_m oveme n t

An on ym ou s-OS

Pu b li c_Bro ad cast in g _ S ervi ce

Iran †“Israel_ p roxy_co n flict

Iran †“Israel_ relat io n s

Th e_Hi d d en _Wiki

Lolit a_C ity

S p lintern et

Timel in e_of_co mp u ter_secu r i t y_h acker_ h istory

Occu p y_Van d erb ilt

Fish ma n _Affid avi t

S p yin g_on _Un ited _Nat io n s_lead ers_b y_ Un ited _S tates_d ip l omats

List _of_ch ar g es_ag ain st _Br ad ley_ Man n i n g

In tern et _leak

TeaMp 0 isoN

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(U n ited _A rab _E mirates)

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(A fr ica)

Lols

S p on tan eou s_or d er

An t i-estab lish m en t2 0 1 3 _protest s_in _ Tu rkey

Proteu s_effect

An t i-ped op h i le_act ivism

Feb ru ary_2 0 1 0 _Aust ralian _Cyb er at tacks

In tern et _p orn og rap h y

S on y_P ictu resS ab u _ (h ackt ivist )

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(P eop le 's_Rep u b lic_of_Ch in a)

Lu lzRaft

Med ia _p ran k

S ara h PAC

In tern et _act ivi sm_d u r in g _20 0 9 _Iran ian _e lect ion _p rotest s

Cyb er_ In tellig ence_S h a r in g _an d _P rotect ion _ Act

Ley_S i n d e

Plan e tb ored om

S cien T OMog y

Old _med ia

In tern at ional_re act ion s_to_th e _2 0 1 1 _E g yp t ian_revol u t ion

2 0 1 3 _Sou th _K orea_ cyb erat tack

Wh ite_Hat_A llian ce

Occu p y_Bah rain

Occu p y_Oslo

Occu p y_Bal t imore

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(S r i_L an ka)

Word s_I_Ne ver_S aid

2 0 1 3 _Korea n _cr isi s

Op erat ion _Tu n isi aMoh am ed _Gh an n ou ch i

Dame_ S t reet

2 0 1 2 _Bah ra in _Gran d _Pr ix_p ro test sBah r ain _B lood y_T h u rsd ay

An arch ism_a n d _th e_Occu p y_movem en t

Timel in e_of_th e _2 0 1 3 _p rotest s_in _Tu rke y

Cryp toP arty

Mashtots_P ark_M ovemen t

Op erat ion _Pill ar_of_D efen se

Lead er less_r esistan ce

Occu p y_S ou th _Afr ica

Marca b _Con fed eracy

2 0 1 0 –1 2 _Alg er ian _p r otest s

Joh an _H elsin g i u s

Pen et_r emai ler

List _of_or g an izat io n s_with _o fficial_stan ces_ on _th e_S OPA_a n d _PIP A

Ju lian _ Dib b el l

Atar i_Teen ag e_Riot

Parm y_Olson

Lu lz

In tern at ional_S tan d ard _ Book_N u mb er

Fou rth -g en er at ion _w arfare2 0 1 3 _Lah ad _D atu _stan d off

Twit ter_b omb

List _of_Un i ted _S tates_p olit ical_ familie s_(B)

Occu p y_Min n eap ol is

Ch u rch _of_S cie n tolog y_e d it in g _on _Wikip ed ia

CNE T.com

Occu p y_Th is_ Alb u m

Timel in e_of_th e _S yr i an _civil _war_ (Mayâ € “Aug u st _2 0 1 1 )

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(a n alysis_o f_in d ivid u al_lea d ers)

Qr iocit y

Bob _A d ams_ (Amer ican _footb all)

Fox.com

An d y_C arvin

Mar i o_S avi o

Th e_Fi fth _E state_( fil m)

Cen sor sh ip _in _Mala ysia

An t isec

Alok_D ixitS ave_Y ou r_ Voice

Ch illin g _E ffect s_( g rou p)

Mark_ McGowan _ (p erforman ce_art ist )

Nu llCr ew

Pu b li cat ion _h i story_of_A n arky

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(M id d le_E ast )

Con ten ts_of_th e _Un ited _ S tates_d ip lomat ic_ cab les_l eak_(S au d i_ Arab ia)

Tact ical_fr ivolit y

HBGary_ Fed er al

Occu p y_Cor k

DDoS _ at tack

FBI

S h am oon

2 0 1 1 _Rome_d emon st r at ion

Lab or _sp y

In tern et _com mu n it ies

GVU

Protect in g _Ch il d ren _ from_In ter n et _Pr ed ator s_Act

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Despite having conquered a place as a political actor, Anonymous has its roots in an obscure hub of a particular internet subculture: 4chan’s /b/ Despite having conquered a place as a political actor, Anonymous has its roots in an obscure hub of a particular internet subculture: 4chan’s /b/ (random) sub-forum. The aim of the following presentation is to trace the genealogy of a symbol and its usages, rendering visible the different (random) sub-forum. The aim of the following presentation is to trace the genealogy of a symbol and its usages, rendering visible the different stages of the processes through which Anonymous came to signify particular modes of distributed political action on a global scale.stages of the processes through which Anonymous came to signify particular modes of distributed political action on a global scale.

Anonym ous

Mundo Anonym ous

Anonym ous PiC TURES

Troll s Anonym ous

Anonym ous Por tugal Intern acional

Anonym ousBr asil

Anonym ous

Anonym ous and Te am Ven detta #OpCanna bis420 Ca nnabis Le galizatio n

Anonym ous Vi t Nam

ANONYM OUS ES PAÑA

Anonym ous Ibero amér ica

Anonym ous Com munity

Anonym ous Flor ida

Anonym ous Ven ezuelan Network

Anonym ous Par aguay

Anonym ous ART of Revolution

Anonyo ps

Anonym ous News Ne twork

Anonym ous

Anonym ous

Anonym ous

Anonym ous

Anonym ous

Anonym ous

Anonym iss Colom bia

TheAn onPr essAnonym ous Austr alia

Humor Anonym ous

Anonym ous Fra ncophon e

Anonym ous Ven detta

Mini A nonymo us España

Anonym ous - #OpGre ece

The Ano nymous Li nk

We do not Forgi ve. We do not Forget. We are A nonymo us. Expect Us.

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United States of An onymou s

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Illinois A nonymo us Legion

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EC Ano nymous

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United An onymou s Network

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anonym ous El Sa lvador

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Finano n News Networ k

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WE ARE A NONYMOUS

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AnonN ews

I support Ano nymous

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Anon S pain

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Légion 5.9 (Anon ymous Fr ance)

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#OP20N ( Anonym ous. Operaci ón 20-N )

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anonym ous hactivist Anonym ous Ven ezuela

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The Ano nymous Li nk

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AnonE C

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ANONYM OUS

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THE AN ONYMOUS BOLIVIAAnonym ous Colo mbia 20 11

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We need Ano nymous

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Anonym ous

ANONYM OUS ES PAÑA (l.o.i.c)

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Anonyu pload com parte tus ar chivos

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Anonyp ix

Dutch Anon ymous Fr eedom Fighters

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Anonym ous Fini stère (Fr ance)

Anonym ous Iowa

METHODSMETHODS

NETWORK ANALYSIS: The used network visualization techniques allow NETWORK ANALYSIS: The used network visualization techniques allow for structural and qualitative interpretations of the graphs. The for structural and qualitative interpretations of the graphs. The nodes are arranged according to network distance between nodes, that nodes are arranged according to network distance between nodes, that is, the number of edges in the shortest path connecting them. is, the number of edges in the shortest path connecting them.

•WIKIPEDIA: the network graph can operate as an indicator of an WIKIPEDIA: the network graph can operate as an indicator of an interrelated conceptual structure surrounding a given topic. interrelated conceptual structure surrounding a given topic.

•FACEBOOK: interconnected Anonymous branded Facebook pages as FACEBOOK: interconnected Anonymous branded Facebook pages as illustration of the phenomenon’s dispersion. The data gathering illustration of the phenomenon’s dispersion. The data gathering process retrieved over 500 pages, illustrating the massive presence process retrieved over 500 pages, illustrating the massive presence of Anonymous within a single social network site.of Anonymous within a single social network site.

WIKIPEDIAWIKIPEDIA

FACEBOOKFACEBOOK

Dark Blue: English speaking sectionDark Blue: English speaking section

Red: Spanish speaking sectionRed: Spanish speaking section

Purple: Heterogeneous (North Africa, Purple: Heterogeneous (North Africa, Middle East and Europe) sectionMiddle East and Europe) section

Yellow: Portuguese speaking sectionYellow: Portuguese speaking section

Green: Asian sectionGreen: Asian section

Light Blue: German speaking sectionLight Blue: German speaking section

Dark Green: Project ChanologyDark Green: Project Chanology

Orange: Operation PaybackOrange: Operation Payback

Light Green: Operation Avenge Light Green: Operation Avenge AssangeAssange

Dark Blue: Arab Spring and OccupyDark Blue: Arab Spring and Occupy

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSRESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

By analyzing the network of linked pages in Wikipedia’s entry for Anonymous it By analyzing the network of linked pages in Wikipedia’s entry for Anonymous it is possible to trace the stages of the development of Anonymous as a symbol for is possible to trace the stages of the development of Anonymous as a symbol for global political dissent. The resulting graph follows the chronologic order of global political dissent. The resulting graph follows the chronologic order of events, expressed in the contiguity of the different network sections, after events, expressed in the contiguity of the different network sections, after Anonymous gained visibility with Project Chanology. This sheds light on the Anonymous gained visibility with Project Chanology. This sheds light on the transformations and appropriations of the symbol: transformations and appropriations of the symbol:

Stage 1: mobilization of participants in anonymous boards against Scientology Stage 1: mobilization of participants in anonymous boards against Scientology (Project Chanology).(Project Chanology).

Stage 2: online direct action as a reaction against attacks on file sharing Stage 2: online direct action as a reaction against attacks on file sharing sites (Operation Payback) and on Wikileaks (Operation Avenge Assange).sites (Operation Payback) and on Wikileaks (Operation Avenge Assange).

Stage 3: support to different forms of political resistance throughout the Stage 3: support to different forms of political resistance throughout the globe, in both authoritarian and democratic regimes.globe, in both authoritarian and democratic regimes.

The graphical representation of the Facebook network illustrates how The graphical representation of the Facebook network illustrates how distributed global structures are locally anchored in the operation of distributed global structures are locally anchored in the operation of autonomous cells. Each network section was categorized according to the most autonomous cells. Each network section was categorized according to the most represented regions and idioms. The results show that, despite its global represented regions and idioms. The results show that, despite its global scope, linguistic, cultural, social, and geographical proximity are important scope, linguistic, cultural, social, and geographical proximity are important factors for the networks of connections that sustain Anonymous.factors for the networks of connections that sustain Anonymous.