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Consumer Food Waste -a Potential Animal Feed
Resource
David Galligan ,VMD MBAProfessor of Animal Health Economics
Zhengxia DouProfessor of Agricultural Systems
Animal Agriculture
• “providing our dinner” or “taking our lunch” ?
• Competes for use of resources (land, water, .. .) for other activities.
Our Focus:
• What is the “appropriate role” of animal agriculture in a sustainable system?
• Can they play a synergistic role?
Historical approach to improving animal efficiency
• Increase yield/animal unit
Mechanism
• Dilution of animal maintenance cost
• More yield/animal, requires fewer animals, fewer replacement animals and fewer resources proportional to animal numbers.
Link to Milk Intensity PDF
New dimensions of efficiency – use of human food waste as animal feed
• 30% of Human Food Production is used as by products in animal feeding systems
• However Food Waste in U.S. is very large
The Magnitude of the Problem
On Farm Processing
ManufacturingConsumption
Stage
9.1 Mt 0.9 Mt 47 Mt
FLW along the food chain
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Tree nuts and…
Eggs
Added fats and…
Meat, poultry,…
Added sugars…
Fruit
Grain products
Vegetables
Dairy products
Retail loss
Consumer loss\1
Million metric tonnes
36% 11.5
72%28%
64%
61%39%
68%32%
73%27%
82%18%
55%
25%
45%
36%, 64%
75%
7.0
7.6
8.4
8.4
11.4
0.2
1.3
4.5
Retail and consumer food loss by food group
The Magnitude of the Problem
Resources and Financial Drains with Retail and Consumer Level FLW
• 27% of cropland
• 25% of irrigation water
• 26% of fertilizer
• 25% of energy
• Retail value of $161.6 billion
• Intangible impacts, e.g. water pollution, GHGs, biodiversity, and habitat loss
U.S. 2030 FLW Reduction Goal: 50%
FLW Reduction, Recovery, and Recycling
San Francisco
Austin
Boulder
Cities with food waste regulations
States with food waste regulations
Seattle,
New York City
The Hierarchy
FLW Reduction, Recovery, and Recycling
Reduction/Prevention
Recovery/Diversion
Recycling
Disposal
Source reduction
Food rescue for people
Industrial uses
Feeding animals
CompostingIncineration
AD
Landfill
Hierarchy Mt Notes
Prevention (rescue/donation) to feed people
0.32 Manufacturer donation
0.30 Retail/wholesale donation
0.008 Farm gleaning
0.19 Donation, Feeding America data
0.56 Donation from consumer and retail
Diversionnonhuman beneficial use
13.9 Manufacturer diversion to feed animals
0.1 Retail/wholesale diversion to feed animals
1.1 Restaurant grease recovery
Recycling 5.0 Manufacturer-reported composting
0.53 Retail/wholesale reported composting
1.42 EPA data on composting
1.66 Survey response of 24 states
Major Data on Food Waste Prevention and Recycling
1-2 Mt
7-8 Mt
15 Mt
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
• Our decisions and actions are not necessarily rational or straightforward…
Interpretive Analysis
Changing food-wasting behavior
• No one buys food to throw it away but...
• Nudging for behavioral change…
Technologies and the 50% reduction goal
• Composting• Reduced volume, moisture, and pathogens
• Compost as soil amendment
Interpretive Analysis
• Anaerobic digestion (AD)• Biogas as a source of renewable energy• Digestate as soil amendment
• Efficacy, costs-benefits, scale-up?• Tradeoffs?
Interpretive Analysis
A game changer?
ReFeed
Save resource Reduce
pollution
Grain spared
47 Mt 1 MtSoil erosion
N&P losses
GHGs
Biodiversity
Energy
Water
Fertilizer
Land
Agricultural
crops
Processing
manufacturingConsumption
stage
Livestock
animals
9 Mt
Conclusions
• Sustainable food consumption must be taken into account of the food security and sustainability agenda.
• Food waste prevention is a top priority; changing consumer wasteful behavior is essential. Still, need all workable solutions.
• Technologies have a critical role to play. Research must evaluate the overall impacts of different technologies on food, energy, water, other resources, economic viability, and environmental-climate outcomes.
Questions/Discussion
Zhengxia [email protected]
This CAST Issue Paper is available at
www.cast-science.org/publications.
