consider the quote:

“The United States is a land of immigrants.”

Is this true? Why or why not?

essential question:

How did Native American land become the United States?

Previewing notes allows you to better understand the lecture.

For fill-in-the-blank notes, think about what might go into the blank (like Mad Libs). You may even want to write your guess in pencil (so that you can erase if necessary).

Ask questions about any of the words or notes in general before the lecture so that you are prepared.

Populating the Americas• Native

Americans came over on ice from Asia during the Ice Age; spread throughout North and South America

North American Indian Peoples at the Time of First Contact with Europeans

Cunne Shote, one of three Cherokee chiefs who visited London in 1762, had this portrait

painted there.

Women were the principal farmers in most Native American societies, growing corn,beans, and other crops that made up most of their food supply. This sixteenth-century

French engraving shows Indian men preparing the soil for cultivation and Indianwomen sowing seeds in neat rows.

• Europeans came to make money (i.e. gold and crops) and convert Native Americans to Christianity; brought many diseases to the Americas

The Great English

Migrations, c. 1630–

1642

Smallpox was one of the deadliest of these imported diseases. This Aztec drawing illustrates smallpox's impact, from the initial appearance of skin lesions

through death. Traditional Indian medical practices were unable to cure such diseases, and physical contact between shamans and patients actually

helped to spread them.

Ethnic Distribution of Non-Indian Inhabitants of British Mainland Colonies, c. 1770. By the third quarter of the eighteenth century, the colonial population was astonishingly diverse.

Immigrant Groups in 1775

Estimated Populations of Selected Indian Peoples, 1600–1730; Indian populations shrank dramatically due to diseases brought by Europeans from theOld World. By about 1750, native peoples had become a minority of the inhabitants ofAmerica north of the Rio Grande.

• Hispanics are rooted in a blending of Spanish and Native Americans from Spanish colonies in central and South America

Spain’s North American Frontier, 1542-1823

• Africans were brought over from West Africa to work on fields as slaves

This 1769 broadside advertised the arrival of a cargo of West African

slaves in Charleston, South Carolina. By that date, slaves made up over two-thirds of the colony’s settlers.

Although this watercolor of a slave ship bound for Brazil dates from the 19th century, it depicts a scene common on slavers in the 1700s.

A 19th century slave with scars on his back from

whipping.

This eighteenth-century painting from South Carolina records the preservation of certain African traditions in American slave communities. The dance may be Yoruba in origin, while the

stringed instrument and drum were probably modeled on African instruments.

British Colonies• commercial North

(i.e. shipping)

• agricultural South (i.e. plantations)While a planter smokes a pipe and confers with his overseer, slaves on this Chesapeake plantation perform all of the tasks related to planting, cultivating, harvesting, sorting, packaging, and delivering the profitable tobacco. Slaves also fashioned the tools for coopering and made barrels for transporting hogsheads of "the weed." Ships in the background navigate right up to the edge of the plantation lands.

French and Indian War• colonies and British defeat French

North America Before 1754

North America

After 1763 (after

French losses)

war

• territory added to west

“No taxation without representation”

• British tax colonies to pay war debts (i.e. Stamp Act)

This cartoon, the first to appear in a colonial American newspaper, was printed in the Pennsylvania Gazette in the spring of 1754. It refers to the plan for a colonial union that was put forward at the Albany Congress. The image alludes to the folk

belief that a severed snake could revive if its parts were rejoined before sundown.

Newspaper, pamphlets, and other documents had to have a stamp on it like this one to prove the tax was paid.

• Colonists organize and protest (i.e. Boston Tea Party)

“The Bostonian’s Paying the Excise-Man; or, Tarring & Feathering.” This print, published in London in 1774, satirizes American

resistance to British tax measures. Four men representing a broad range of social classes pour tea down the throat of a tax collector

while the Boston Tea Party takes place in the background.

depiction of the Boston Tea Party

The Boston Massacre, March 5, 1770, in an engraving by Paul Revere. Copied from an earlier print, Revere’s widely circulated version shows—somewhat inaccurately—well-organized soldiers firing on helpless civilians; the names of the dead, including Crispus Attucks, appear below.

Declaration of Independence begins the Revolutionary War

• America wins with help from the French

• George Washington emerges as a hero

This is a romanticized depiction of Washington crossing the Delaware.

North America after the Peace of Paris, 1783: The results of the American Revolution redrew the map of North America, confining Britain to Canada and giving the United States most of the area east of the Mississippi River, though Spain controlled its mouth for most of the next

20 years.

Articles of Confederation• gave most power to the states

an original copy of the Articles of

Confederation

This clash between Shays’s rebels and government troops at the

Springfield arsenal marked the violent climax of the agrarian

protests of the 1780s.

• a need for strong central government obvious (i.e. infighting, western lands, trade)

Constitutional Convention• sets up government as we know it (3

branches, checks and balances, etc.)

Washington presides over the Constitutional Convention.

Bill of Rights leads to ratification• people feared strong

central government, so amendments guaranteeing freedoms are added to Constitution

The Ratification Vote on the Constitution—Aside from some frontier districts exposed to possible foreign attack, the strongest support

for the Constitution came from coastal and interior areas tied into a developing

commercial economy.

• states eventually all agree

THE UNITED STATES IS BORN!

Most pages in your notebook will have a question at the top. Your homework most nights is to make sure that you can answer that question in your own words (not copying notes). To get the hang of it, practice here. If you have trouble, look back over your notes and/or ask Mr. Friedman questions, then try again.

How did Native American land become the United States?

The U.S. before 1789 timelinePut the events in the correct order by placing the letters in the blanks.

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prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

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SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump

SPIN

prize box

sense of self-satisfaction

gum

fist bump