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8/21/2019 Connectors in RPD Final Seminar
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CONNECTORS IN
REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE
PRESENTED BYDR. SUKHJIT KAUR
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“No component of a Removable Partial
Denture should be added arbitrarily or
conventionally. Each component should
be added for a good reason and to
serve a denite purpose”.
- c!rac"en
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IntroductionChoosing one of the possible proe!"res for restoringp#rti#ll$ e!ent"lo"s #rh in%ol%es bor!er line!eisions.
If the rel#tionship bet&een the biologi beh#%io"r ofthe or#l str"t"res #n! the 'eh#ni#l in("ene of the!ent"re is reogni)e! &e #n pro%i!e # p#rti#l!ent"re.
The '#*or onnetor '#$ be o'p#re! &ith the fr#'eof #n #"to'obile or &ith the fo"n!#tion of the
b"il!ing.+#*or onnetor '"st be rigi!.
It is the !entist,s responsibilit$ to ens"re #ppropri#te!esign #n! f#bri#tion.
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CONNECTORS
The %#rio"s o'ponents ofre'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"res #reonnete! together b$ onnetors.Connetors #re !esribe! #s being
eitherA+#*or onnetors.
B. +inor onnetors
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Functions of connectors:
Joining the o'ponent p#rts of the !ent"retogether.
Contrib"te to the support of the prosthesis/ b$!istrib"tion of stresses #pplie! to the prosthesis.
The$ '#$ ontrib"te to the f"ntions of bracingand reciprocation
Contribute to retention of the prosthesis
Connetors resting on prep#re! !ent#l or 0r' or#ltiss"es pro%i!e indirect retention ( Connetorsth#t #re relie%e! fro' the "n!erl$ing tiss"es or lieon inline! s"rf#es !o not pro%i!e in!iretretention.1
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Classification#1 Aor!ing to the '#teri#ls2
+et#lli or non 'et#lli.
b1 Aor!ing to the rigi!it$2 Rigi! or nonrigi! 3stress bre#4ing11 Aor!ing to the !i'ensions2 B#r35
6''1/ str#p 3678''1 or pl#te3978''1.If # pl#te o%ers &hole of the p#l#te/ it ister'e! complete palatal plate.
!1 Aor!ing to the lo#tion2+#:ill#r$ or '#n!ib"l#r .
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Principles for design for majorconnectors:
;b#r or ;be#' priniple.
Cir"l#ron0g"r#tion.
Str"t on0g"r#tion.
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MAJOR CONNECTOR
DefinitionA '#*or onnetor is the o'ponent of
the p#rti#l !ent"re th#t onnets the p#rts
of the prosthesis lo#te! on one si!e of
the #rh &ith those on the opposite si!e.
It is th#t "nit of the p#rti#l !ent"re to
&hih #ll other p#rts #re !iretl$ or
in!iretl$ #tt#he!.
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Desirabe c!aracteristics of "a#or
connectors The '#*or onnetor sho"l! be rigi! toe
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Sho"l! not #lter the n#t"r#l onto"r ofthe p#l#t#l %#"lt or the ling"#l s"rf#eof the lo&er #l%eol#r ri!ge.
Sho"l! be noninterfering #n! non
irrit#ting to the tong"e.Sho"l! not interfere &ith speeh #n!phonetis.
Sho"l! not o%er 'ore tiss"e th#n
#bsol"tel$ neess#r$.Sho"l! be '#!e of # '#teri#lo'p#tible &ith the or#l tiss"es.
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Materias used for Ma#or connectors In #$%&' (rederic" )auptmyer / fro' >er'#n$!esribe! the proess #n! '#teri#l "se! inf#bri#tion of the fr#'e &or4. The '#teri#l
e'plo$e! s #n #llo$ of 766 t$pe 76?hro'i"' #n! 6? Ni4el. In #$%$ Erdle and Prange !e%elope! # tehni="e#s &ell #s #stings fro' hro'i"' ob#lt t"ngstent$pe of #llo$/ &hih s #lle! #s @it#lli"'.
In 7 #nother hro'i"'ob#lt #llo$ sp#tente! #n! '#r4ete! "n!er the n#'e of Tioni"'. D"ring the 'i! 8th ent"r$/ 8!i
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@#rio"s #llo$s th#t #n be "se! inonstr"ting re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"re
#re2
T$pe I@ gol! #llo$.
Ni4elhro'i"'.
Cob#lthro'i"'.
CoCrNi.
Tit#ni"' #n! its #llo$s.
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B#se 'et#l #llo$s h#%e rel#ti%el$ high el#sti'o!"l"s. This propert$ s"ggest th#t the
thi4ness of p#rti#l !ent"re fr#'e&or4s #n be
thinner th#n those of other 'et#ls.
The !"tilit$ of tit#ni"' is gre#ter th#n th#t ofthe others.
B#se 'et#l #llo$s h#%e higher h#r!ness
o'p#re! &ith tooth en#'el &hih #"ses in
%i%o &e#r.Allo$s for p#rti#l !ent"re fr#'e&or4s h#%e high
'elting points #n! the$ e:hibit high #sting
shrin4#ge &ith potenti#l for #sting !efets.
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Ma$iar% Ma#or ConnectorsSTRUCTURA; REUIRE+ENTS F +AGI;;ARY +AJRSTRUCTURA; REUIRE+ENTS F +AGI;;ARY +A JR
CNNECTRCNNECTR
Pl#e'ent of bor!ers 5'' fro' gingi%#l '#rgin
+et#l sho"l! not be highl$ polishe! on tiss"es"rf#e
Relief of '#*or onnetor gener#ll$ not re="ire!
Thi4ness of '#*or onnetor "nifor' thro"gho"tF"t"re loss of #!!ition#l teeth
Intern#le:tern#l 0nish lines
Tiss"e stops
be#!ing
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Criteria for selection of the maxillary major
connector
Rigi!it$
The Presene of P#l#t#l Tori
The Nee! for Anterior Tooth Repl#e'ent
The Re="ire'ent for In!iret Retention
The Nee! to St#bili)e e#4ene! Teeth
Phoneti Consi!er#tions
The +ent#l Attit"!e of the P#tient
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Ma$iar% Ma#or ConnectorsP#l#t#l b#rs single or o'bine!
P#l#t#l str#ps single or o'bine!
P#l#t#l pl#tes #nterior/ p#l#t#l#n! o'pletep#l#t#l pl#te
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Ma$iar% Ma#or ConnectorsSingle p#l#t#l b#r
Single p#l#t#l str#p
Ush#pe! p#l#t#l onnetor
Co'bin#tion #nteriorposterior p#l#t#lb#rs
Co'bin#tion #nterior #n! posteriorp#l#t#l str#pt$pe onnetor
P#l#t#l pl#tet$pe onnetor
Split '#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor
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Sin&e Paata Bar Anterior2 ne%er "se! #lone/ F;AT rosssetion
5'' behin! gingi%#l '#rgin#nterior
teeth+i!!le2 in short bo"n!e! s#!!les/o'fort#ble/ inonspi"o"s. Pro%i!ess"pport #n! br#ing. F;AT rosssetion
Posterior2 bo"n!e! "nil#ter#l s#!!les/ 8n! pre'ol#r or 7st 'ol#r 'issing/ #t *n of h#r!#n! soft p#l#te or in line &ith 8n! 'ol#r
#lso pro%i!es in!iret retention in l#ss II#ses/ HA;F @A; rosssetion
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Sin&e Paata Bar less th#n 6 '' in &i!th
n#rro& h#lf o%#l
N#rro& #nterioposteriorl$
Thi4 ol"sogingi%#ll$37.1
P#l#t#l b#r ob*etion#ble
!"e to b"l4
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Indications
To repl#e one or t&o
teeth on e#h si!e of#rh #n! pl#e! nof"rther #nteriorl$ th#nthe seon! pre'ol#rposition. There '"stbe teeth #p#ble ofbe#ring #n #!!ition#llo#! both #nteriorl$#n! posteriorl$ to thee!ent"lo"s sp#e.
Contraindications
In !ist#l e:tension
sit"#tion #n! &hen#nterior teeth #re tobe repl#e!.
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Advantages
It #n be "se! in #ninteri' p#rti#l!ent"re "ntil #'ore !e0niti%etre#t'ent #n be
onsi!ere!.
Disadvantages
+ost !iL"lt for thep#tient to #!*"st #s to'#int#in the !egree ofrigi!it$/ it h#s to be '#!eb"l4$.
D"e its n#rro& #nterior
posterior &i!th/ it !eri%eslittle %erti#l s"pport fro'the bon$ p#l#te #n! '"stbe therefore s"pporte!positi%el$ b$ rests on there'#ining n#t"r#l teeth.
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Paata Stra'+ost %ers#tile therefore 'ost &i!el$ "se!.It onsists of # &i!e thin b#rrel of 'et#l th#trosses the p#l#te in #n "nobtr"si%e '#nner.
It sho"l! not be less th#n 6'' &i!e.
Us"#ll$ "se! for Cl#ss III M I@ #ses
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Paata Stra'Anterior palatal strap/ anterior palatal plate:Middle palatal strap: is the 'ost %ers#tile #n!&i!el$ "se! '#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor
*ndications
#. Tooth borne #n! tooth #n! tiss"e borne "nil#ter#le!ent"lo"s sp#es for ross #rh st#bili)#tion.
b. +#$ be "se! for 'ost '#:ill#r$ toothborne p#rti#l !ent"res &hen posterior teeth #re'issing.
. +#$ be "se! for tooth-mucosa borne p#rti#l!ent"res &hen 'ini'#l p#l#t#l s"pport is re="ire!
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Posterior palatal strap: This is
b#si#ll$ # &i!e p#l#t#l b#r/ be#"seit is &i!er it '#$ be '#!e thinner/ itsho"l! be # 'ini'"' of 6 ''. in
&i!th/ #n! 7.'' thi4nessIn!i#te! in '#:ill#r$ "nil#ter#l
tooth borne RPDs of short sp#n.
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Advantages
Be#"se the p#l#t#l str#p is lo#te! in threepl#nes it o
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Disadvantages
The p#tient '#$ o'pl#in ofe:essi%e p#l#t#l o%er#ge. Thiso'pl#int fre="entl$ #n be tr#e! to i'properpositioning of the str#p bor!ers.
A!%erse soft tiss"e re#tion in thefor' of p#pill#r$ h$perpl#si#. Thison!ition is seen &hen the p#rti#l !ent"re is
&orn 8 ho"rs # !#$ #n! is nor'#ll$#o'p#nie! b$ poor or#l h$giene #n! poor #reof the prosthesis.
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Indications
Use! onl$ &hen 7 or 8 teeth #rebeing repl#e! on either si!e.
E!ent"lo"s sp#es #re tooth bo"n!Nee! for p#l#t#l s"pport is
'ini'#l.
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Paata Stra' (or Bar)Contraindications
Ne%er "se in #ses in%ol%ing!ist#l e:tensions or
repl#e'ent of #nteriorteeth sine it '"st be '#!eb"l4$ for rigi!it$Bon$ pro'inent 'i!p#l#t#l
r#phe Tor"s p#l#tin"s
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Structural Details
The p#l#t#l str#p sho"l! be '#!e &i!e #n!thin/ r#ther th#n n#rro& #n! thi4/ to #hie%ethe re="ire! rigi!it$ #n! to be #s inno"o"s #spossible to the tong"e.
The #nterior #n! posterior bor!ers of thestr#p sho"l! be lightl$ be#!e! to ens"reinti'#te ont#t &ith the '"os#/ e:epto%er h#r! str"t"res s"h #s # pro'inent'e!i#n r#phe or # tor"s p#l#tin"s.
Waing Speci!cation
An#to'i repli# p#ttern in 88 8 g#"ge/
'#tte pl#sti p#ttern.
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Anterior*Posterior Paata Stra'
+#:i'"' rigi!it$+ini'"' b"l4
Use in 'ost #ses
Espei#ll$ tor"s p#l#tin"s
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Parallelogram shaped
Rel#ti%el$ bro#!36 to 7 ''1 anterior andposterior p#l#t#l str#ps."ateral palatal straps 3O to ''1 n#rro& #n!p#r#llel to "r%e of #rh 'ini'"' of 5 '' fro'gingi%#l re%ies of re'#ining teeth or sho"l! e:ten!#bo%e the height of onto"r of the teeth
Anterior palatal strap#nterior bor!er positione! #s b#4 #s possible on the
r"g#e #re#/ not pl#e! f#rther #nteriorl$ th#n #nteriorrests #n! ne%er loser th#n5 '' to ling"#l gingi%#lre%ies follo&s the %#lle$s of the r"g#e #t right#ngles to the 'e!i#n p#l#t#l s"t"re.
Posterior bor!er if in r"g#e #re#/ follo&s %#lle$s ofr"g#e #t right #ngles to the 'e!i#n p#l#t#l s"t"re
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Posterior palatal connector
posterior bor!er lo#te! #t *"ntion of h#r! #n! soft p#l#tes #n!#t right #ngles to 'e!i#n p#l#t#l s"t"re #n! e:ten!e!to h#'"l#r noth #re#3s1 on !ist#l e:tension si!e3s1.
Advantages The lose! horseshoe is # rigi! onnetor th#t !eri%es goo!
s"pport fro' the p#l#te e%en tho"gh #n opening is pro%i!e! inthe p#l#te.
The orr"g#te! onto"r of the 'et#l o%er the r"g#e #!!sstrength to the onnetor #n! #llo&s the 'et#l to be '#!e
thinner. The irle e
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Anterior*Posterior Paata Stra'Indications:
Cl#ss I #n! II #rhes in &hih e:ellent #b"t'ent #n!resi!"#l ri!ge s"pport e:ists/ #n! !iret retention #n be
'#!e #!e="#te &itho"t the nee! for in!iret retention.;ong e!ent"lo"s sp#ns in Cl#ss II/ 'o!i0#tion 7 #rhes.
Cl#ss I@ #rhes in &hih #nterior teeth '"st be repl#e!&ith # re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"reInoper#ble p#l#t#l tori th#t !o not e:ten! posteriorl$ tothe *"ntion of the h#r! #n! soft p#l#tes.
In tooth borne/ #n! '"os# borne p#rti#l !ent"res &henrepl#e'ent of #nterior #n! posterior teeth is re="ire!.
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Contraindicationshen there is #n inoper#ble '#:ill#r$ tor"s
th#t e:ten!s posteriorl$ to the soft p#l#te. Inthis sit"#tion # bro#! Ush#pe! '#*or
onnetor '#$ be "se!.Waing speci!cationsAn#to'i repli# p#tterns or '#tte s"rf#e
for's of 88g#"ge thi4ness
Posterior p#l#t#l o'ponentQA str#p of 88g#"ge thi4ness/ 6 to 7'' &i!e 3# h#lfo%#lfor' of #ppro:i'#tel$ 5g#"ge thi4ness #n!&i!th1 '#$ #lso be "se!
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Anterior*Posterior Paata Bar
A n#rro& 3AP1 %#ri#tion of #nteriorposterior p#l#t#l str#p
Do"ble p#l#t#l b#r onnetor
Re="ires gre#ter b"l4 for rigi!it$
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The t&o b#rs '#$ be '#!e &i!er or thinner/ #s
!it#te! b$ the nee!s #n! the #%#il#ble sp#e/in the p#rti"l#r #se.
The (#t #nterior b#r is n#rro&er th#n the p#l#t#lstr#p. Its bor!ers #re positione! in the %#lle$s
bet&een the r"g#e/ ne%er on the r"g#e rests. The posterior b#r is h#lfo%#l/ si'il#r to thesingle posterior p#l#t#l b#r onnetor b"t lessb"l4$.
The t&o b#rs #re *oine! b$ (#t longit"!in#lele'ents on e#h si!e of the l#ter#l slopes ofthe p#l#te/ gi%ing irle ring on0g"r#tion
The t&o b#rs/ l$ing in !i
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Indications
&hen s"pport is not a '#*or onsi!er#tion #n! &hen the #nterior #n! posterior#b"t'ents #re &i!el$ sep#r#te!.
for the '#:ill#r$ #rh &hih h#s # tor"sp#l#tin"s th#t is either "n!er"t/lob"l#te!/ or too '#ssi%e to be o%ere!&ith # f"ll o%er#ge onnetor or # str#p.
The P#tients +ent#l Attit"!e2 The AP b#r'#$ be "se! #s # o'pro'ise for thep#tient &ho strongl$ ob*ets to thegre#ter b"l4 or #re# o%er#ge of the f"ll
p#l#t#l onnetor.
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ContraindicationsPeriodontall# $ea%ened remaining teeth.
should not be considered as a !rst choice for# '#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor.
&hen # high narro$ vault is present be#"se the#nterior b#r &ill interfere &ith phonetis.
hen tor"s p#l#tin"s e:ten!s posteriorl$ to the *"ntion of h#r! #n! soft p#l#te.
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Anterior*Posterior Paata Bar
Advantages The '#in#!%#nt#ge of the#nteroposterior
p#l#t#l b#r is itsrigi!it$. Ino'p#rison to the#'o"nt of softtiss"e o%er#ge/ it
is b$ f#r the 'ostrigi! '#:ill#r$'#*or onnetor.
Disadvantages The #nteroposteriorp#l#t#l b#r is fre="entl$"no'fort#ble !"e to thee:tr# b"l4 of 'et#lnee!e! for the n#rro&b#rs. Also the '#n$bor!ers of the b#rs #re #n"is#ne be#"se thetong"e ten!s to nt toin%estig#te the'.
;ess s"pport fro' thep#l#te #s tiss"e ont#t isless.
+#$ interfere &ithspeeh espei#ll$ the#nterior b#r.
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Co"'ete Paata Pate
A p#l#t#l pl#te onnetor covers half or moreof the palatal surface.It is # "nifor'l$ sh#pe!/ thin pl#te repro!"ingthe #n#to'i onto"r of the p#l#te. It ish#r#teri)e! b$ &i!e p#l#t#l o%er#ge
ontrib"ting to '#:i'"' s"pport #n! retention/#lso helps in hori)ont#l st#bili)#tion #n! br#ingof the restor#tion.
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Indications+ilateral Distal E,tension +ases2i, Remaining nterior /eeth2It '#$ be "se! #s # pl#te of %#r$ing &i!th th#t o%ers the#re# bet&een t&o or 'ore e!ent"lo"s #re#shen the l#st re'#ining #b"t'ent tooth on either si!e of# Cl#ss I #rh is the #nine or 0rst pre'ol#r tooth/o'plete p#l#t#l o%er#ge is strongl$ #!%ise!/ espei#ll$
in resorbe! resi!"#l ri!gesIn in!i%i!"#ls &ith &ell!e%elope! '"sles of '#sti#tion#n! # f"ll o'ple'ent of '#n!ib"l#r teeth/ he#%$ol"s#l fores #n be #ntiip#te!hen (#t or (#bb$ ri!ges or # sh#llo& %#"lt is present
#sion#ll$/ p#tients #re tre#te! &ith # tr#nsition#lp#rti#l !ent"re in prep#r#tion for tre#t'ent &ith #o'plete !ent"re.Cleft p#l#te p#tients h#%e # n#rro&/ steep p#l#t#l %#"lt.
To g#in inti'#te tiss"e ont#t #n! to lose #n$ p#tent#ir p#ss#ges bet&een the n#s#l #n! or#l #%ities/ # #sto'plete p#l#te is 'ost often the onnetor of hoie.
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Contraindication
Presene of tori &hih #nnot bes"rgi#ll$ re'o%e!.
hen p#tient #n not toler#te f"llp#l#te o%er#ge !"e toe:#gger#te! g#g re(e: or otherps$hologi#l re#sons.
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Co"'ete Paata Pate
ADVANTA+ES &ell toler#te! b$ 'ost of the p#tients !"e to"nifor' thinness #n! the ther'#l on!"ti%it$ of the'et#l
The pl#te o%ering !i
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Co"'ete Paata PateDisadvantages:
The pl#te #nnot be "se! in the presene
of p#l#tine tori.F"ll o%er#ge '#$ #"se tiss"ein(#''#tion if #!e="#te or#l h$giene isnot pr#tie! #n! it '#$ #"se#lter#tion in t#ste.
Co'plete p#l#t#l o%er#ge '#$ #ltert#ste #n! t#tile sens#tion
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T%'es of co"'ete 'aata 'ates
All cast Metal plate:
Co'plete #st 'et#lpl#te o%ering&hole or 'ore th#n
h#lf of the p#l#te.
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Resin plate: Co'plete resin pl#teo%ering the p#l#te.
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Combination, metal, and resin plate:
Anterior 'et#lli p#rt h#%ingpro%isions for 'eh#ni#l retentionto #tt#h #n #r$li posterior
portion.
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The posterior p#l#t#l se#l th#t is"se! &ith o'plete !ent"res
sho"l! not be e'plo$e! &ith #re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"re.
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Anterior Paata Pate(U-Shaped or "Horse-Shoe" Palatal Connector)
Poor onnetor
Ne%er "se "nless#bsol"tel$neess#r$
Re="ires b"l4 in ther"g#e #re# 3&herethe tong"e re="iresfree!o'1 for rigi!it$
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!S"#PE$ P#%#T#% CONNECTOR& "ORSE!
S"OE S"#PE$ CONNECTOR
It onsists of Ush#pe! thin b#n! of 'et#l. TheAnterior border pl#e! 5 '' #$ fro' thegingi%#l '#rgin l$ing in the %#lle$s r#ther th#n
the rests of the r"g#e #re#.Posterior border #t right #ngle to 'e!i#ns"t"re line.
If the str#p #rrie! onto the ing"l#/ the gingi%#l'#rgin '"st be lightl$ relie%e!.
The l#ter#l bor!ers lies #t the *"ntion ofthe hori)ont#l #n! %erti#l slopes of the p#l#te.
All bor!ers sho"l! be "r%e!/ s'ooth #n! be#!e!
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Indications
C#n be "se! in #se of # l#rge inoper#bletori
hen se%er#l #nterior teeth #re to be
repl#e!.In #se of p#tients &ith e:#gger#te! g#gre(e:.
hen perio!ont#ll$ &e#4ene! #nterior teeth
nee! so'e st#bili)ing s"pport.Contraindications
Dist#l e:tension p#rti#l !ent"res.
RPDs in &hih ross #rh st#bili)#tion is re="ire!.
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Advantages
It is # re#son#bl$ strong onnetor th#t #n !eri%e so'e %erti#l
s"pport #n! so'e in!iret retention fro' the p#l#te.In p#tients &ith onsi!er#ble %erti#l o%erl#p of the #nteriorteeth/ the horseshoe is thin $et strong eno"gh to s"pport therepl#e'ent teeth.In the presene of # h#r! 'e!i#n s"t"re line or #n inoper#bletor"s/ the #no'#l$ #n be #%oi!e! &itho"t s#ri0ing strength
or loss of %erti#l s"pport.
Disadvantages
hen %erti#l fore is #pplie! to either or both en!s of thehorseshoe '#*or onnetor/ there is # ten!en$ for theonnetor to spre#! or str#ighten. Therefore it is # poor hoie
for # !ist#l e:tension p#rti#l !ent"re. This is not # goo! onnetor &hen ross#rh st#bili)#tion isre="ire!. It h#s less resist#ne to (e:ing/ #n! 'o%e'ent #no"r #t the open en!.
To #%oi! the ten!en$ to (e:/ the 'et#l rossing the r"g#e #re#'"st be thi4er th#n th#t "se! in 'ost other '#*or onnetors.
Interferenes &ith phonetis #n! p#tient o'fort #n res"lt.
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SP%'T (#)OR CONNECTOR
In lini#l f"ntioning of # re'o%#blep#rti#l !ent"re there is ine%it#ble
rot#tion of the !ent"re #ro"n!possible f"lr"'s be#"se of the"ne="#l n#t"re of the s"pporting
tiss"es. This '#$ !eli%er tor="ingfores on the #b"t'ent teeth #n!their s"pporting str"t"res.
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In # split '#*or onnetor/ the (e:ibilit$ of the
onnetor is inre#se! #s &ell #s the !ist#netr#%ele! b$ the fores to re#h to #b"t'ents is'ore. Therefore the !iret tr#nsfer of stressesis 'ini'i)e!.
The !o"ble b#r priniple is "se! in
for' of split '#*or onnetor. Inste#! of "sing&ro"ght 'et#l/ # single #st onnetor is'#!e (e:ible b$ '#4ing # s#& "t p#rt $thro"gh the #sting or b$ #sting to thin shi'this is then re'o%e! le#%ing # sep#r#tion.
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Degree of stress rele#se is !eter'ine! b$the &i!th #n! thi4ness of the onnetion
re'#ining #n! b$ the t$pe of 'et#l "se!.Sep#r#tion of the seg'ents sho"l! be&i!e eno"gh or %er$ n#rro& to #%oi!pinhing the tong"e or p#l#t#l '"os#.
The #st fr#'e&or4 #n (e: in # singlepl#ne &itho"t &or4 h#r!ening #n!e%ent"#l fr#t"re
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Disadvantages
The$ ollet !ebris #n! beo'e "nle#n.
The$ pinh the "n!erl$ing soft tiss"es ortong"e #s the$ open #n! lose "n!erf"ntion.
The$ beo'e f#tig"e! b$ repe#te!(e:ing #n! th"s "n!ergo per'#nent!istortion
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$ES'*N OF (#+'%%#R, (#)OR CONNECTORS
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-eading of the maxillary cast +eading is # ter' "se! to !enote the sribing of # sh#llo&groo%e on the '#:ill#r$ '#ster #st o"tlining the p#l#t#l'#*or onnetor e:l"si%e of r"g#e #re#s. The p"rposesof be#!ing #re #s follo&s2 To tr#nsfer the '#*or onnetor !esign to the in%est'ent
#st To pro%i!e # %isible 0nishing line for the #sting
To ens"re inti'#te tiss"e ont#t of the '#*or onnetor&ith selete! p#l#t#l tiss"es
Be#!ing is re#!il$ #o'plishe! b$ "sing #n#ppropri#te instr"'ent/ s"h #s # leoi! #r%er. C#re'"st be e:erise! to re#te # groo%e not in e:ess of .'' in &i!th or !epth #t the e!ge of the !esign of the'#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor.
The groo%e '"st f#!e o"t #s it #ppro#hes &ithin5'' ofthe '#rgin#l gingi%#. It #lso sho"l! f#!e o"t o%er the
enter of the #st &hen # h#r! 'i!line s"t"re is present. .
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Advantages o& beading:
Pre%ents foo! !ebris fro'
olletion "n!er the +#*orConnetor.
Pro%i!e # thinnest 'et#l on the
polishe! s"rf#e &hile '#int#inthe neess#r$ strength. This is !"eto the e:tr# thi4ness of 'et#lpro%i!e! b$ the be#!ing.
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RE.'E/ OF %'TER#TRE
Wagner '( )ra$ee% *C +,0 o'p#re!the '#*or onnetors for RPD. The$ o'p#re!the s"b*eti%e p#tient re#tions to three
'#:ill#r$ #n! t&o '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetor!esigns. In this st"!$ 8 !entists ser%e! #ss"b*ets for the st"!$.
+#:ill#r$ +C Single p#l#t#l b#r #n! AP
p#l#t#l b#rs+#n!ib"l#r +C ;ing"#l b#r #n! ;ing"#l pl#te.
+ost preferre! '#*or onnetor s the singlep#l#t#l b#r #n! the '#n!ib"l#r ling"#l b#r.
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1en- 2r 3 et al +,0 e%#l"#te! the sti
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1eaumont A4 +550 o%er%ie&e! theesthetis &ith RPD.
Pro%ision for estheti RPD '#$be '#!e &ith
seletion of #ppropri#te '#*or onnetor.It is i'port#nt espei#ll$ in '#n!ib"l#r #rh&here there is !i#ste'# or #bnor'#ll$ l#rgeinterpro:i'#l sp#es bet&een teeth.
+#*or onnetor selete! sho"l! not be
obser%#ble fro' on%ers#tion#l !ist#ne.U Sh#pe! p#l#t#l onnetor is #n estheti'#:ill#r$ '#*or onnetor &hih '#$be #pplie!&hen se%er#l #nterior teeth #re to be repl#e!.
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'reen 6."( 7ondrum S.8. +5590 e%#l"#te! the e
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(#N$'-%#R (#)ORCONNECTORS
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+#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetors "se! inp#rti#l !ent"res #re either in the for'
of bars or plates The b#rs #re "s"#ll$ lo#te! on the ling"#lsi!e of the ri!ge bet&een the gingi%#l'#rgin #n! the (oor of the 'o"th/ &hile
the pl#tes '#$ be e:ten!e! #bo%e thegingi%#l '#rgin to en! on the ling"#ls"rf#es of the n#t"r#l teeth.
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Criteria for seection of "andibuar
"a#or connector Altho"gh the '#:ill#r$ onnetor is #ble toontrib"te s"bst#nti#ll$ to s"pport the prosthesis/the '#n!ib"l#r onnetor h#s the %er$ li'ite!
#p#it$ for s"pport. In!iret retention is nee!e!to st#bili)e the '#n!ib"l#r p#rti#l !ent"re.
The re="ire'ent of in!iret retention.
Hori)ont#l st#bilit$ #n! stress !istrib"tion.
An#to'i#l onsi!er#tions.
Perio!ont#l onsi!er#tions.
Estheti onsi!er#tions.
P#tient o'fort.
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Structura re,uire"ents for
"andibuar "a#or connectors,. P"ACM;) 8* 18
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The #'o"nt of relief !epen!s on
a0 )he t#pe o& removable partial denture.
For #n #ll tooth-supported prosthesisa minimum o& relie& is nee!e! be#"se the!ent"re !oes not ten! to 'o%e/ 3 g#"ge/.7 inh1
a distal etension partial denture needs more relie& be#"se it ten!s to rot#te !"ringf"ntion.
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b0 )he slope o& the lingualtissue
If Slope of tiss"e is ne#rl$%erti#l 'ini'#l relief is nee!e!
If Tiss"e slope tor! thetong"e/ '#:i'"' relief isnee!e!
If ;ing"#l ri!ge is "n!er"t no#!!ition#l relief is re="ire! .
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1 Rel#tionship of the f"lr"'
line to the '#*or onnetor.7.hen the f"lr"' line is posterior to the '#*oronnetor less relief is"s"#ll$ re="ire! 386 g#"ge/
.7 inh to 85 g#"ge/.75 inh1.8. hen the f"lr"' line is
#nterior to the '#*oronnetor 'ore relief is
"s"#ll$ re="ire! 385g#"ge/.75 inh to 8 g#"ge/.8 inh1.
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!1 "#lit$ of s"pporting str"t"res.
7Perio!ont#l st#t"s of the #b"t'ent teeth.Inre#se! 'obilit$ of the #b"t'ent teeth
re="ires 'ore relief of the '#*or onnetor.8"#lit$ of the '"oosseo"s s"pporting tiss"es.
Resi!"#l ri!ges &ith inre#se! !ispl#e#bilit$'#$ re="ire 'ore relief of the '#*or onnetor.
Bone in!e:. here the resi!"#l ri!ge e:hibits #poor bone in!e:/ 'ore relief '#$ be re="ire! too'pens#te for resorpti%e h#nges o"rringprior to #ntiip#te! relining.
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e1 Movement o& the dento-alveolarsegment. hen the #nterior teethh#%e # prono"ne! l#bi#l inlin#tion/
'ore relief '#$ be re="ire!. It '#$ bei'possible to !iret the ol"s#l fores#long the long #:es of the teeth. ith
s"h #n inlin#tion/ # ontin"e! l#bi#l'igr#tion of the teeth '#$ o"r.
&0 "ingual tori '#$ re="ire
#!!ition#l relief
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T%'es of "a#or connector ;ing"#l b#r '#*or onnetor.S"bling"#l b#r '#*or onnetor.
;ing"#l b#r &ith ing"l"' b#r '#*oronnetor 3ontin"o"s b#r1.Cing"l"' b#r 3ontin"o"s b#r1 '#*oronnetor.Dent#l b#r;ing"opl#te '#*or onnetor.;#bi#l b#r '#*or onnetor. Hinge! ontin"o"s l#bi#l b#r.
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Lin&ua bar "a#or connector The b#si for' of # '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetor
is # h#lfpe#r sh#pe/ lo#te! #bo%e 'o%ing
tiss"e b"t #s f#r belo& the gingi%#l tiss"e #s
possible.
A!%#nt#ges2
;ing"#l b#r onnetor h#s 'ini'#l tiss"e o%er#ge
#n! h#s 'ini'#l ont#t &ith or#l tiss"es.
It !oes not ont#t the teeth/ so !e#li0#tion of
the tooth s"rf#e is 'ini'i)e!.
Dis#!%#nt#ges2
It '#$ be (e:ible if poorl$ onstr"te!.
Rigi!it$ is less o'p#re! to # &ell onstr"te!
ling"#l pl#te.
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In!i#tions2
It sho"l! be "se! for '#n!ib"l#r re'o%#l
p#rti#l !ent"re &here s"Lient sp#e e:ists
bet&een the slightl$ ele%#te! #l%eol#r ling"#ls"l"s #n! ling"#l gingi%#l tiss"es.
Contr#in!i#tions2
Inoper#ble ling"#l tori.
Highl$ #tt#he! ling"#l fren"'.
Interferenes to ele%#tion of the (oor of the
'o"th !"ring f"ntion#l 'o%e'ents.
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C!aracteristics and ocationH#lfpe#r sh#pe! &ith b"l4iest portioninferiorl$ lo#te!.
S"perior bor!er t#pere! to soft tiss"e.S"perior bor!er lo#te! #t le#st ''inferior to gingi%#l '#rgins.
Inferior bor!er lo#te! #t the #sert#ine!height of the #l%eol#r ling"#l s"l"s &henthe p#tients tong"e is slightl$ ele%#te!.
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A%#il#bilit$ of sp#e for onnetor is one of the
i'port#nt f#tor to be onsi!ere!. At le#st
O'' of %erti#l sp#e bet&een the #ti%e
tiss"es of the (oor of the 'o"th #n! the
gingi%#l '#rgins of the teeth is re="ire!.
There #re t&o lini#ll$ #ept#ble 'etho!s to
!eter'ine rel#ti%e height of the (oor of the
'o"th to lo#te the inferior bor!er of the'#*or onnetor.
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First 'etho!2 P#tients tong"e sho"l!
to"h the %er'illion bor!er of the
"pper lip #n! 'e#s"re'ents &ere
'#!e in rel#tion to the ling"#l gingi%#l
'#rgins of the #!*#ent teeth "sing #
perio!ont#l probe. The re#!ings #re
tr#nsferre! to the '#ster #st.
Seon! 'etho!2 This 'etho! "ses #n
in!i%i!"#li)e! i'pression tr#$s h#%ing
its ling"#l bor!er '' short of the
ele%#te! (oor of the 'o"th is 'ol!e!
&ith #n i'pression '#teri#l !"ring
f"ntion#l 'o%e'ents of tong"e.
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boc-*out and reief of "aster
cast All tiss"e "n!er"ts p#r#llel to p#th of pl#e'ent.
An #!!ition#l thi4ness of 8g#"ge : &hen
the ling"#l s"rf#e of the #l%eol#r ri!ge is either"n!er"t or p#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.
No relief is neess#r$ &hen the ling"#l s"rf#e
slopes inferiorl$ #n! posteriorl$.
ne thi4ness of b#se pl#te : o%er b#s#l se#t
#re#s.
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#:ing spei0#tionsSi:g#"ge/ h#lfpe#r
sh#pe! : for'
reinfore! b$ 888
g#"ge sheet : #!#pte!
to the !esign &i!th.
;ong b#r re="ire 'ore
b"l4 th#n short b#r.
Finishing lines
B"tt *oints &ith 'inoronnetors for retention
of !ent"re b#ses.
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!. "en#$r, %. Matalon, &. Aviv and '.%. Cardash
(J..D. )*+*
Con!"te! # st"!$ to he4 the rigi!it$ of 0%e ling"#l
b#r t$pe '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetors &ith !i
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!ee "en#$r, -itan Miirits/0, Colin 1or2l, and
amar "rosh (J..D. )***
Con!"te! # st"!$ to in%estig#te the !esign #n!
rosssetion#l sh#pe of '#*or onnetors 'ost
f#%or#bl$ in("ening rigi!it$ #n! (e:ibilit$. Fi%e
ling"#l b#r '#*or onnetors of !i
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Anthon0 3. 3aires (J..D. )*4+
Con!"te! # st"!$ "sing Eletroni 'e#ns to4no& the eener#ll$ the$st#te! th#t # rigi! !esign is 'ore !esir#ble th#n# (e:ible one in &ithst#n!ing hori)ont#l stresses.
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Lin&uo'ate "andibuar "a#or
connector
If the ret#ng"l#r sp#e
bo"n!e! b$ the ling"#lb#r/ the #nterior tooth
ont#ts #n! ing"l#/ #n!
the bor!ering 'inor
onnetors is 0lle! in/ #
ling"#l pl#te res"lts.
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A!%#nt#ges2
The ling"opl#te is # rigi! '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetor #n! it
pro%i!es 'ore s"pport #n! st#bili)#tion &hen o'p#re! to
other onnetors.
C#n be "se! in st#bili)ing the perio!ont#ll$&e#4ene! teeth.
hen it is s"pporte! #t e#h en! b$ # rest it ontrib"tes to
the #tion of in!iret retention.
hen properl$ onto"re! #n! f#bri#te!/ it &ill not #"se
interferene &ith tong"e 'o%e'ents #n! &ill be 'ore
o'fort#ble to the p#tient.
Dis#!%#nt#ges2
It o%ers the tooth str"t"re #n! the gingi%#l tiss"e.
The 'et#l o%er#ge of the free gingi%#l tiss"e pre%ents
ph$siologi#l sti'"l#tion #n! selfle#nsing of these #re#s
b$ s#li%#.
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In!i#tions2
It is in!i#te! in #ses &here #l%eol#r ling"#l s"l"s solosel$ #ppro:i'#tes the ling"#l gingi%#l re%ies s"h #s
high ling"#l fren"' #tt#h'ents.
If resi!"#l ri!ges in Cl#ss I #rh h#%e "n!ergone se%ere
%erti#l resorption th#t the$ &ill o
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Ch#r#teristis #n! lo#tion2
Pe#r sh#pe! &ith b"l4iest portioninferiorl$ lo#te!.
Thin 'et#l #pron e:ten!ings"periorl$ to ont#t ing"l# of#nterior teeth #n! height ofonto"r of posterior teeth.
S#llope! onto"r of #pron #s!it#te! b$ interpro:i'#l blo4o"t.
The s"perior bor!er 0nishe! toontin"o"s pl#ne &ith ont#te!teeth.
Inferior bor!er #t the #sert#ine!height of the #l%eol#r ling"#ls"l"s &hen p#tients tong"e isele%#te!.
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blo4o"t #n! relief of '#ster #st2
All in%ol%e! "n!er"ts of ont#te! teeth
p#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.
All in%ol%e! gingi%#l re%ies.
;ing"#l s"rf#e of #l%eol#r ri!ge.#:ing spei0#tions2
Inferior bor!er 5g#"ge/ h#lf pe#r sh#pe! :
for' reinfore! &ith 8g#"ge sheet :.
Apron 8g#"ge sheet :.
Finishing lines2
B"ttt$pe *oints.
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Campbell 5D (J..D. )*66 on!"te! # st"!$
to e%#l"#te the '"ltiple re'o%#ble p#rti#l!ent"re !esigns b$ test p#tients. 6 '#*or
onnetor !esigns &ere e%#l"#te! !"ring
spe#4ing/ he&ing #n! sllo&ing #n! for
gener#l o'fort b$ 78 !entists. The$ onl"!e!
th#t the '#n!ib"l#r ling"#l b#r s hosen o%er
the ling"#l pl#te b$ # 27 r#tio. +et#l bor!ers
p#r#llel to tong"e 'o%e'ent &ere better
toler#te! th#n those l$ing tr#ns%erse. In gener#l/
p#tients #!#pte! best to '#*or onnetors th#t
o%ere! the le#st #'o"nt of soft tiss"es.
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3enneth R. Mc'enr0, 78e -. Johansson (J..D.
)**9 on!"te! # lini#l tri#l "sing thee:peri'ent#l gingi%itis 'o!el !e%elope! for
perio!ont#l lini#l rese#rh to e%#l"#te the e
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Subin&ua bar "a#or connector.
A 'o!i0#tion of the ling"#l b#r th#t h#s been!e'onstr#te! to be "sef"l &hen the height of the (oor ofthe 'o"th !oes not #llo& pl#e'ent of s"perior bor!er ofthe onnetor #t le#st '' belo& free gingi%#l '#rgin.
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In!i#tions2
The height of the (oor of the 'o"th in rel#tion
to the free gingi%#l '#rgin is less th#n 5''.
If it is !esire! to 4eep the free gingi%#l
'#rgins of #nterior teeth e:pose! #n! there isin#!e="#te !epth of the (oor of the 'o"th.
Contr#in!i#tions2
;ing"#ll$ tilte! re'#ining n#t"r#l teeth.
Inoper#ble ling"#l tori.
High #tt#he! ling"#l fren"'.
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Ch#r#teristis #n! ;o#tion2
It is s#'e #s ling"#l b#r e:ept th#t the
b"l4iest portion is lo#te! to the ling"#l #n!
the t#pere! portion is tor!s the l#bi#l.
The s"perior bor!er of the b#r sho"l! be #t
le#st '' fro' the free gingi%#l '#rgin.
Inferior bor!er is lo#te! #t the height of the
#l%eol#r ling"#l s"rf#e.
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blo4o"t #n! relief of '#ster #st2
All tiss"e "n!er"ts p#r#llel to the p#th ofpl#e'ent.
A!!ition#l thi4ness of 8g#"ge : &henthe ling"#l s"rf#e of #l%eol#r ri!ges either
"n!er"t or p#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.
#:ing spei0#tions2
5g#"ge/ h#lfpe#r sh#pe! : for' reinfore!b$ 888 g#"ge sheet :.
;onger b#r b"l4ier th#n shorter b#r.
Finishing lines2
B"ttt$pe *oints.
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3arl A. 'ansen and Donald J. Campbell
(J..D. )*+4 on!"te! # st"!$ to e%#l"#te
p#tient #ept#ne of the s"bling"#l b#r &hen
o'p#re! &ith ling"#l pl#te '#*or onnetor
#n! to !eter'ine the preferre! !esign. The$
onl"!e! fro' the 0n#l !#t# th#t the
s"bling"#l b#r o'p#res f#%or#bl$ &ith the
ling"#l pl#te in p#tient #ept#ne #n! sho"l!
be onsi!ere! #s # %#ri#ble !esign #ltern#ti%e
&hen # ling"#l pl#te is not in!i#te!.
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Mandibuar in&ua bar /it! continuous bar
(cin&uu" bar) or doube in&ua bar) This t$pe of '#*or onnetor is#lso #lle! Kenne!$ b#r
It !istrib"tes stresses to #ll of
the teeth &ith &hih it o'es inont#t there b$ re!"ing thestresses to the "n!erl$ingtiss"es.
It is #lso referre! #s ontin"o"sling"#l l#sp '#*or onnetor/be#"se of series of l#sp #r'sonnete! on the ling"#ls"rf#es of lo&er #nterior teeth.
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A!%#nt#ges2
The !o"ble ling"#l b#r e
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In!i#tions2
It is '#inl$ "se! #s # '#*or
onnetor in perio!ont#ll$
tre#te! #nterior teeth &ith &i!e
interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.
hen ling"opl#te isontr#in!i#te! !"e to poor
#:i#l #lign'ent of #nterior teeth.
Contr#in!i#tions2
In se%erel$ ro&!e! #nterior
teeth.
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Ch#r#teristis #n! lo#tion2
Sh#pe! s#'e #s ling"#l b#r.
Thin n#rro& 'et#l str#p lo#te! on ing"l# of #nterior teeths#llope! to follo& interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.
blo4o"t #n! relief of '#ster #st2
S#'e #s for ling"#l b#r.
No relief for ontin"o"s b#r e:ept blo4o"t of interpro:i'#l
sp#es.
#:ing spei0#tions2
S#'e #s ling"#l b#r.
Contin"o"s b#r p#ttern fo"n! b$ #!#pting t&o strips of 86g#"gesheet : o%er the ing"l# #n! into interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.
Finishing lines2B"tt *oints.
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Mandibuar continuous bar0Cin&uu"
bar0denta bar I'proper #:i#l #lign'ent of the #nterior teeth &ill neessit#tee:essi%e blo4o"t of interpro:i'#l "n!er"ts. These t$pes of #sesin!i#tes ontin"o"s b#r '#*or onnetor.
Contr#in!i#tions2
In ling"#ll$ tilte! #nterior teeth.
i!e !i#ste'# bet&een '#n!ib"l#r #nterior teeth.
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Ch#r#teristis #n! ;o#tion Thin n#rro& 'et#l str#p lo#te! on ing"l# of
#nterior teeth/ s#llope! to follo& interpro:i'#le'br#s"res.
rigin#tes bil#ter#ll$ fro' rests of the #!*#entpriniple #b"t'ents.
blo4o"t #n! relief of '#ster #st2
No relief for ing"l"' b#r e:ept interpro:i'#lsp#es.
#:ing spei0#tions2A ing"l"' b#r p#ttern for'e! b$ #!#pting t&ostrips of 86g#"ge/ '' &i!e o%er the ing"l# #n!
into interpro:i'#l e'br#s"res.Finishing lines2
B"ttt$pe *oint.
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Mandibuar abia bar "a#or connector
The l#bi#l b#r h#s # li'ite! #ppli#tion in #ses &here
l#rge inoper#ble ling"#l tori #n! se%erel$ ling"#ll$
inline! lo&er #nterior #n! pre'ol#rs pre%ents the
"se of other '#n!ib"l#r '#*or onnetors.
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Ch#r#teristis #n! ;o#tion2
H#lfpe#r sh#pe! &ith b"l4iest portion inferiorl$lo#te! on the l#bi#l or b"#l #spet.
S"perior bor!er t#pere! to soft tiss"e #n! ''inferior to l#bi#l gingi%#l '#rgins.
Inferior bor!er lo#te! in the l#bi#l b"#l%estib"le.
blo4o"t #n! relief of '#ster #st2
All tiss"e "n!er"ts p#r#llel to p#th of pl#e'ent
#n! &hen the l#bi#l s"rf#e is either "n!er"t orp#r#llel to the p#th of pl#e'ent.
No relief if l#bi#l s"rf#e of #l%eol#r ri!ge slopesinferiorl$.
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#:ing spei0#tions2
5g#"ge h#lfpe#r sh#pe! : for'
reinfore! &ith 888 g#"ge
;ong b#r 'ore b"l4ier th#n shorter b#r.
+inor onnetor *oine! &ith ol"s#l or
other s"perior o'ponents b$ # l#bi#l
#ppro#h.
Finishing line2
B"ttt$pe *oints.
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1in&ed continuous abia bar This t$pe of '#*or onnetor is the'o!i0#tion of ling"opl#te &hih is
inorpor#te! in the S&inglo4 !esign
onsists of l#bi#l or b"#l b#r i.e.
onnete! to the '#*or onnetor b$
hinge on one en! #n! l#th #t the other
en!.
S"pport pro%i!e! b$ '"ltiple rests on
the re'#ining n#t"r#l teeth. St#bili)#tion
#n! reipro#tion pro%i!e! b$ # ling"#lpl#te. Retention is pro%i!e! b$ b#r t$pe
retenti%e l#sp #r's pro*eting fro' the
l#bi#l or b"#l b#r #n! ont#ting the
infr#b"lge #re#s on the l#bi#l s"rf#es.
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In!i#tions2
+issing 4e$ #b"t'ents.
Unf#%or#ble tooth onto"r.
Unf#%or#ble soft tiss"e onto"rs.
Teeth &ith ="estion#ble prognosis.
Contr#in!i#tions2
Poor or#l h$giene.
Sh#llo& b"#l l#bi#l %estib"le.
High fren#l #tt#h'ent.
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Desi&n of "andibuar "a#or connectors
The b#si priniples of '#*or
onnetor !esign inl"!es2
Step I"tline the b#s#l se#t
#re#s on the !i#gnosti #st.
Step II"tline the inferior
bor!er of the '#*or onnetor.
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Step III"tline the s"perior
bor!er of the '#*or onnetor.
StepI@Connet the b#s#l se#t
#re# to the inferior #n!
s"perior bor!ers of the '#*oronnetor #n! #!! 'inor
onnetors to ret#in the #r$li
resin b#se.
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Concusion+#*or onnetors b$ "niting the other o'ponents of #re'o%#ble p#rti#l !ent"res #ts li4e # fo"n!#tion bringing
#bo"t bil#ter#l !istrib"tion of fores &hih !epen!s on the
rigi!it$ of the onnetor.
Ut'ost #re sho"l! be t#4en to pre%ent # '#*or onnetor
fro' interfering &ith nor'#l f"ntions or h#%ing #n$
!#'#ging e
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Minor connectors
De0nition
Co'ponents th#t ser%e #s theonneting lin4 bet&een '#*oronnetor or b#se of # re'o%#ble p#rti#l!ent"re #n! other o'ponents of theprosthesis s"h #s the l#sp #sse'bl$/in!iret ret#iners/ ol"s#l rests or
ing"l"' rests
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2unctions
Pri'#r$ f"ntion*oiningother "nits of the prostheses#n! !ent"re b#ses to the
'#*or onnetor. Tr#nsfer f"ntion#l stressesto the #b"t'ent teeth.
Tr#nsfer the e
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Distrib"tes the stresses th#t o"r
#g#inst ert#in o'ponents of p#rti#l!ent"re to other o'ponents.
Distrib"tes fores on the e!ent"lo"sri!ge to the ri!ge #n! the re'#iningteeth.
This bro#! !istrib"tion of fore pre%ents #n$one tooth or one portion of the e!ent"lo"sri!ge fro' be#ring # !estr"ti%e #'o"nt ofstress.
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or" and ocation
S"Lient b"l4 to be rigi!.38'' &i!e/ 7.'' thi41
+inor onnetor ont#ting #:i#l s"rf#e of#b"t'ent teeth sho"l! not be lo#te! on
on%e: s"rf#e/ inste#! sho"l! be lo#te! onthe e'br#s"re.
Sho"l! onfor' to the inter!ent#l e'br#s"re.
Sho"l! be thi4est tor!s the ling"#l
s"rf#e/ t#pering tor!s the ont#t #re#.
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Deepest p#rt of inter!ent#l e'br#s"re sho"l!h#%e been blo4e! o"t to #%oi! interferene!"ring pl#e'ent #n! re'o%#l.
hen # 'inor onnetor ont#ts tooths"rf#es on either si!e of the e'br#s"re in
&hih it lies/ it sho"l! be t#pere! to theteeth.
+inor onnetor sho"l! be &i!e eno"gh to"se the g"i!ing pl#ne to the f"llest
#!%#nt#ge.hen it gi%es rise to l#sp #r' it sho"l! bet#pere!.
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hene%er possible/ the 'inoronnetor of # re'o%#ble p#rti#l
!ent"re is lo#te! in the inter!ent#le'br#s"re.
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T%'es
Join the l#sp #sse'bl$ to the '#*oronnetor.
Join !iret ret#iners or #":illi#r$ reststo the '#*or onnetor.
Join the !ent"re b#se to the '#*oronnetor.
Ser%e #s #n #ppro#h #r' for #%erti#l pro*etion or b#r t$pe.
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Minor connectors t!at #oin t!e cas' asse"b% to
t!e "a#or connector3Sho"l! be rigi! to s"pport the #ti%eo'ponent of the p#rti#l !ent"re/ theretenti%e l#sp.
S"pport the o'ponent of the prosthesisth#t pre%ents %erti#l 'o%e'ent tor!sthe tiss"e 3Rest1.
;o#te! on pro:i'#l s"rf#es
of teeth #!*#ent to e!ent"lo"s
#re#s.
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Sho"l! be bro#! b"oling"#ll$ b"t thin'esio!ist#ll$.
If l#sp #sse'bl$ is not being pl#e! on# tooth #!*#ent to #n e!ent"lo"ssp#e/ 'inor onnetor '"st be
positione! in e'br#s"re bet&een t&oteeth.
Ne%er position on on%e: ling"#ls"rf#e of # tooth.
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Minor connectors t!at #oin indirect retainers or
au$iiar% rests to "a#or connectors3 t$pes
Pro:i'#l 'inor onnetor2ont#ts g"i!e pl#nes/ #lle! #s pro:i'#l
pl#te. The p#rt of pro:i'#l pl#te th#tto"hes ri!ge rest Foot of pro:i'#lpl#te., ;o#te! !ist#l to the ter'in#l#b"t'ent #n! is ontin"#tion of the'inor onnetor ont#ting the g"i!ingpl#ne.
To est#blish # !e0niti%e 0nishingin!e: stop for #r$li resin b#se #fterproessing.
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Minor connectors t!at #oin indirect retainers or
au$iiar% rests to "a#or connectors3E'br#s"re 'inor onnetor2
Arises fro' the '#*or onnetor.
For' # right #ngle &ith '#*or
onnetor.
Tri#ng"l#r in rosssetion
Designe! to lie in the e'br#s"re
bet&een teeth to !isg"ise its b"l4 #s '"h #s possible.
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S"rf#e 'inor onnetor2 on ling"#l
s"rf#e of inisors #n! #nines/ the$ onnetling"#l rests to '#*or onnetor.
+et#l thi4ness 7.'' for b#se
'et#l #n! 8'' for #st gol!.
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Minor connector t!at #oin denture base
to "a#or connector +#$ be
f l#ttie&or4 onstr"tion
f 'esh onstr"tion
Be#! /&ire or n#il he#! 'inor
onnetors
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+"st be strong eno"gh to
#nhor the !ent"re b#se.Rigi! eno"gh to resistbre#4#ge or (e:ing.
In '#:ill#r$ #rh!ist#le:tension b#se'inoronnetor t"berosit$.
+#n!ib"l#r !ist#l e:tension
b#set&o thir!s the length ofe!ent"lo"s ri!ge
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O'en attice/or- construction
Consists of 8 longit"!in#l str"ts of
'et#l37875g#"ge1.
In '#n!ib"l#r #rh
one str"t b"#lother ling"#l.
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In '#:ill# one str"t is b"#l to theri!ge rest
bor!er of '#*or onnetor is theseon! str"t.
S'#ller str"ts onnet the
t&o str"ts #n! for' thel#ttie &or4.
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;ongit"!in#l str"ts o%er ri!ge rest #re#%oi!e! interfere &ith #rti0i#l teeth#rr#nge'ent.
Relief sp#e gi%en for both l#ttie &or4 #n!'esh &or4 'inor onnetors.
Ar$li !ent"re b#se &ill be for'e! in thissp#e.
;o4ing of #r$li resin pro%i!es retention of!ent"re b#se.
Use! for '"ltiple teeth repl#e'ents.
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Mes! construction
Thin sheet of 'et#l &ith '"ltiples'#ll holes th#t e:ten!s o%er restof resi!"#l ri!ge to the b"#l/ling"#l #n! posterior li'its.
Use! for repl#e'ent of '"ltipleteeth.
+#*or !r#&b#4 !iL"lt to p#4#r$li resin.
Does not pro%i!e # strong#tt#h'ent for !ent"re b#se.
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Tissue sto's
Integr#l p#rts of 'inor onnetorsretention of #r$li resin b#ses.
Pro%i!e st#bilit$ for fr#'e &or4 !"ring
the st#ges of tr#nsfer #n! proessing.Pre%ents !istortion of fr#'e&or4 !"ring#r$li resin proessing
b
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2abricationRe'o%ing #ppro:i'#tel$ 8 s="#re '' of
the relief : "se! to re#te sp#ebene#th the l#ttie &or4 or 'esh fro' thepoint &here the posterior en! of 'inor
onnetor rosses the entre of the ri!ge.D"ring :ing this little !epression is:e! #s # pro*etion of l#ttie&or4 or'esh.
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After #sting this pro*etion ont#tsthe e!ent"lo"s ri!ge of the #st #n!
pre%ents fr#'e &or4 fro' being!istorte! !"ring #r$li p#4ing.
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Bead /ire4or Nai !ead retention
(Minor connector)+et#l !ent"re b#se
No relief pro%i!e!.
Att#he! to o"ter or s"perior s"rf#e of 'et#lb#se.
Retention b$ pro*etions of 'et#l on this s"rf#e.
Pro*etions '#$ be be#!s/ &ires or n#il he#!s.
Dent"re b#se h$gieni be#"se of better softtiss"e response to 'et#l.
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Dis#!%#nt#ges
DiL"lt to #!*"st 'et#l b#se.
C#nnot be #!e="#tel$ reline!.
e#4est #tt#h'ent of t$pes.
Sho"l! be "se! on tooths"pporte!/&ell he#le! ri!ges
&hen inter#rh sp#e is li'ite!.
A ! #
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Attac!"ent to "a#or connector
Ar$li resin 'inor onnetor '"st be *oine! to '#*or onnetor &ith s"Lientb"l4 to #%oi! fr#t"re.
+"st *oin in # s'ooth/ e%en *oint.
Irreg"l#rit$ b& s"rf#e irrit#tes tong"e or'"os# of the ri!ge.
Ar$li resin b"tt *oint '"st be '#!e on
both intern#l #n! e:tern#l s"rf#es of the'#*or onnetor.
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For 'et#l b#se 'inor onnetor
single b"tt *oint .B"tt *oints 0nish lines.
"ter #spet e:tern#l 0nish line.
Intern#l or tiss"e si!e intern#l 0nishline.
2i i ! i
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2inis! ines
Finishing line *"ntion &ith'#*or onnetor #ngle not
gre#ter th#n !egree.
Finish line lo#te! too f#r'e!i#ll$ n#t"r#l onto"rof p#l#te #ltere! b$thi4ness of #r$li resin.
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Too f#r b"#ll$
!iL"lt to re#te #n#t"r#l onto"r of#r$li resin onling"#l s"rf#e of
#rti0i#l teeth.
!egree b"ttt$pe
*oint gi%en for *"ntion of 'inoronnetors #n! b#rt$pe !iret ret#iners.
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Interna finis! inesFor'e! fro' relief:es "se! o%ere!ent"lo"s ri!ge on'#ster #st.
885 g#"ge thi4.
+#rgins of relief :
intern#l 0nish line.;e!ge re#te! b$ : sh#rp #n! !e0ne
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E$terna finis! ines
Sh#rp #n! !e0nite #n! sho"l! beslightl$ "n!er"t to help lo4 #r$liresin se"rel$ to '#*or onnetor.
Angle the 0nish line for's &ith '#*oronnetor less th#n !egree.
Sho"l! e:ten! on to the pro:i'#l
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Sho"l! e:ten! on to the pro:i'#ls"rf#e of teeth #!*#ent toe!ent"lo"s sp#e.
Finish line begins #t ling"#l e:tent ofrest se#t #n! ontin"es !o&n theling"#l #spet of 'inor onnetor onpro:i'#l s"rf#e of the tooth.
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Minor connector t!at ser5e as a''roac! ar" for
5ertica 'ro#ection or bar*t%'e cas'3nl$ non rigi! 'inor onnetor.
S"pports # !iret ret#iner th#t eng#ges #n"n!er"t on # tooth fro' belo&.
Appro#hes tooth fro' gingi%#l '#rgin.
Sho"l! be s'ooth/ e%en #n! t#per fro' itsorigin to its ter'in"s.
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+"st not ross # soft tiss"e "n!er"t.
The (e:ibilit$ of the l#sp !epen!s on
t#per #n! length of #ppro#h #r'.It e:ten!s "p to the height of onto"r onthe #b"t'ent tooth.
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Than0 you