Computer graphics & visualization Animation Process

computer graphics & visualization

Simulation and Animation

Animation Process


Simulation and Animation – SS07Jens Krüger – Computer Graphics and Visualization Group

Animation and Simulation

AnimationAnima (lat.) – Atem,

Seele, Leben

The art of breathing life into something

Object-positioning(Motion Control)

Shape(Object model)

Environment(Light, Camera)



Overview• Animation: motion captured by a sequence of images• Classes:

– Traditional animation: Film, Cartoons (Disney etc.)– Computer aided animation: support in traditional animation – Computer animation

• Entire production in the computer• Modeling and animation software (Maya, 3D Studio Max)

Modellierung Rendering

Animation



Overview • Temporal change of:

– Objects (position, orientierung, size, shape, color, etc)– Camera (position, direction, angle, focus, etc)– Illumination (position, direction, brightness, color)

• Application areas:– Advertisement– Film – Computer games– Simulation– Visualization



Overview • Relation to modeling

– Static modeling of geometry „Modeling“ along time axis

• Relation to simulation– Physics based, realistic animation

• Fluids, Clothes



History• 1824 „Persistenz des Sehens“ [Roget]

Perception of a visual stimuli with latency(cf. Phi-Phenomenon [Wertheimer 1911])

• 1830 Animation machines

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History• 1870

Chronophotography [Muybridge]

• 1880 Film projector (Kinetoscope) [Edison]

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History• 1900 Pioners of animation:

– Melbourne-Cooper 1899: First film animation

– Blackton 1906: „Humorous phases of funny faces“

– Simple Stop-Animation of table drawings



History• 1912 „Gertie, the Trained Dinosaur“

5 Min. Comic



History• Walt Disney:

– 1922 Disney Studios– 1928 „Steamboat Willy“



History• 1932 Stop-Motion Animation

„King Kong“



History• First computer animationen

– 1950 Springing ball in „Whirlwind“ [Adams, MIT]

– 1965 „Sketchpad“ [Sutherland]

– Um 1975: Skeleton KeyframingScript-Languages for animation



History• 1976 „ Futureworld“

first time 3D Graphic „wireframe“ in film• 1982 „Tron“ (Disney):

first time real 3D Graphic in film• 1986 „Luxo Jr.“ (Pixar)• 1987 „Rendevouz à Montreal“

(Thalmann)• 1997 „Geri‘s Game“ (Pixar),

Oscar 1998



History Present

http://movies.gerardbutlerangels.com/300.html

http://movies.gerardbutlerangels.com/300.html



Literature• Watt, Watt: Advanced Animation and Rendering

Techniques, Addison-Wesley, 1992• Vince: 3D Computer Animation, Addison-Wesley,

1992• SIGGRAPH 2001 Course „Physically Based

Modeling“ (Witkin et al.)• Parent: Computer Animation, Morgan Kaufman,

2002• Zum Storytelling: Vogler: The Writer‘s Journey,

Pan 1999



Overview• Animation classes

– Handpainted images– Moving pieces of paper– Handcrafted models– Computer assisted animation– Computer animation



Overview • Steps in the animation process

– Storyboard– Voice-recording– Shooting– Scanning– Modelling– Texturing– Animation– Shading / Lighting– Rendering– Compositing



Storyboard – The idea– Treatment– B/W hand paintings

• Action template• Character development

– First film version• Check of timing and comprehensibility

– Loose color paintings• Visual impression of set, clothes• Lighting the scene

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Voice-recording – Unscripted dialoges of laities

– Voices of professional actors– Good voices of laities

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Shooting – Shooting the real scene

– Motion capture– Recording light conditions– Bluescreening– Recording relative sizes and distances

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Scanning • Cement models of characters

– Laser scanner– Repräsentation as point cloud– Different triangulations

• Low-res, high-res

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Modelling • Decomposition in sub-objects

• Generation of new objects from base objects• Object hierarchies• Software

– Amapi 3D www.eovia.com– Maya (Builder) www.aliaswavefront.com

http://www.eovia.com/

http://www.aliaswavefront.com/



Texturing • Surface characteristics of objects

– Image: color information– Bump map: structure– Specular map: reflection attributes



Animation • Skeleton with joints

– Interactive model– Key-framing– Inverse kinematics– Motion capturing– Refinement of movements



Animation • Alternative techniques

– Physical dynamics engine– Artificial intelligence



Shading / Lighting• Shader

– Representing surface charcteristics– Simulation of wood, glas, metal, etc.

• Lighting– Lighting the scene as in real film– Evtl. by means of recorded data

• Key light• Ambient light• Specular light• Bounce light



Rendering • High quality frames

– Additional special effects• Motion blur, lensflares

– 6-90 h computing time per frame– Speed-up by render farms– Software Pixar Renderman

• Oscar winner• Terminator 3, Jurassic Park 1-3, Toy Story 1+2,

Star Wars: Episode I-III, The Matrix 1-3, Fight Club, Gladiator…



Rendering High quality rendering

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Compositing • Blending of graphics and film

– Blending effects– Post-production



Compositing



Compositing

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Documents

Computer graphics & visualization Animation Process