Community Development Work in NL - Matra project Croatia Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen - HAN University of applied sciences Department Cultural and Social Work Drs. Hay van der

CD in NL - Matra CroatiaCD in NL - Matra Croatia 11

Hogeschool van Arnhem Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegenen Nijmegen

HAN UniversityHAN UniversityDepartment Cultural Department Cultural

Social WorkSocial Work

University of applied sciencesUniversity of applied sciencesDrs. Hay van der SterrenDrs. Hay van der Sterren

20092009


HAN University of Applied HAN University of Applied SciencesSciences

In 2 towns in the eastern part of the In 2 towns in the eastern part of the Netherlands, near the German borderNetherlands, near the German border

27.000 students and 2.500 staff members27.000 students and 2.500 staff members Domains: a. o. Social Studies, Education, Domains: a. o. Social Studies, Education,

Law, Commerce, Communication, Law, Commerce, Communication, Economics, Engineering, Built Economics, Engineering, Built Environment, ICT and Communication, Environment, ICT and Communication, Health, Nursing and Sports and Movement Health, Nursing and Sports and Movement

60 Bachelor programmes and 15 Masters 60 Bachelor programmes and 15 Masters coursescourses


Faculty of Health and Social Faculty of Health and Social Studies Studies

Institute of Social StudiesInstitute of Social StudiesSix departments:Six departments:Social Educational CareSocial Educational CareSocial Work and Social ServicesSocial Work and Social ServicesArts TherapyArts TherapyPedagogicsPedagogicsApplied PsychologyApplied PsychologyCultural Social WorkCultural Social Work

(400 students, 25 staff members)(400 students, 25 staff members)


4 Domains of Cultural Social 4 Domains of Cultural Social WorkWork

Adult EducationAdult Education Arts & Culture (Cultural Education)Arts & Culture (Cultural Education) Leisure and Sport Leisure and Sport

(Leisure-/sportpedagogy(Leisure-/sportpedagogy)) Socio-cultural Work / Socio-cultural Work /

Community Development WorkCommunity Development Work

(Dutch: „Op-bouw-werk“)(Dutch: „Op-bouw-werk“)


Competences of Cultural Social Competences of Cultural Social WorkWork

Competence based learningCompetence based learning Educational modules and competence Educational modules and competence

assessments in tassessments in three segments:hree segments:

1.1. Working with clients and with target groupsWorking with clients and with target groups

2.2. Working in a professional organisationWorking in a professional organisation

3.3. Professionalisation: the (further-) Professionalisation: the (further-) development of the own professional development of the own professional knowledge and skills and the (further-) knowledge and skills and the (further-) development of the professiondevelopment of the profession


Modules: Professional tasksModules: Professional tasks Designing, organising and supervising activities, Designing, organising and supervising activities,

projects, programmes projects, programmes Designing, organising and realising large-scale Designing, organising and realising large-scale

activities activities Supporting of groups and organisationsSupporting of groups and organisations Mediating between individuals or groups and Mediating between individuals or groups and

organisationsorganisations Managing and supervising employees and work Managing and supervising employees and work

placement students: colleagues, departments, placement students: colleagues, departments, teams, students, volunteers.teams, students, volunteers.

Quality improvement and policy developmentQuality improvement and policy development Research and InnovationResearch and Innovation


Creative mediaCreative media / means / means

Games & SportsGames & Sports AudiovisualsAudiovisuals Fine Arts / Arts & CraftsFine Arts / Arts & Crafts Drama / TheatreDrama / Theatre Dance & MovementDance & Movement MusicMusic

Specific feature of our school: Students learn Specific feature of our school: Students learn howhow

to use these creative media / means in their to use these creative media / means in their work. work.


Bachelor Curriculum of 4 Bachelor Curriculum of 4 yearsyears

Major-Minor structureMajor-Minor structure– Major:Major: Cultural Social Work (210 EC) Cultural Social Work (210 EC)

– Minor:Minor: Free choice e.g.: Working with youth at risk, Free choice e.g.: Working with youth at risk, Cultural education, Starting your own bussiness, Cultural education, Starting your own bussiness, Health and Sports in Neighbourhoods, etc. (30 EC)Health and Sports in Neighbourhoods, etc. (30 EC)

Third year: Work placement for the whole yearThird year: Work placement for the whole year Fourth year: Minorprogramme (Specialisation) Fourth year: Minorprogramme (Specialisation)

and Research & Innovation and Research & Innovation

(Sept. 2009: HAN started Master Social Work)(Sept. 2009: HAN started Master Social Work)


Community Community Development Work Development Work in the Netherlandsin the Netherlands

An introductionAn introduction

Drs. Hay van der SterrenDrs. Hay van der Sterren20092009


History of CD in NL History of CD in NL Second World War – 1960sSecond World War – 1960s

CD as aCD as a social social effort to support the effort to support the economiceconomic construction (Marshall Plan) and construction (Marshall Plan) and to improve social living conditionsto improve social living conditions

Ministry of Social Work was formedMinistry of Social Work was formed CD was funded by national government CD was funded by national government

and detached itself from social work (with and detached itself from social work (with focus on case work)focus on case work)

CD on local, regional and provincial scaleCD on local, regional and provincial scale Schools for Social Work (Social Academies)Schools for Social Work (Social Academies)


1970s1970s

Large-scale urban renewal program to Large-scale urban renewal program to deal with situations in deprived deal with situations in deprived neighbourhoods; emphasis on improving neighbourhoods; emphasis on improving physical environmentphysical environment

Countless neighbourhood organisations Countless neighbourhood organisations supported by CD workers with own offices supported by CD workers with own offices provided by the town councilprovided by the town council

CD workers had an independent position CD workers had an independent position and supported and organised ‘opposition’ and supported and organised ‘opposition’ to the authoritiesto the authorities


1980s1980s

National programme of improving National programme of improving Problem Accumulation Areas Problem Accumulation Areas (conducted by several ministries)(conducted by several ministries)

Early 1980s decentralisation: CD Early 1980s decentralisation: CD work depended now on political work depended now on political views of local authorities views of local authorities

Severe cuts in social welfare and in Severe cuts in social welfare and in CD, (also) due to economic crisis and CD, (also) due to economic crisis and more market-oriented societymore market-oriented society


1990s1990s

Better economic prospects (?)Better economic prospects (?) Social Renewal Programmes; more Social Renewal Programmes; more

emphasis on social revitalizationemphasis on social revitalization Major Cities Policy; joint agenda of Major Cities Policy; joint agenda of

national government and major cities: national government and major cities: reducing unemployment, improving reducing unemployment, improving housing and social climatehousing and social climate

Since 80s: change of residential Since 80s: change of residential composition: 50% migrants in many urban composition: 50% migrants in many urban districtsdistricts


What is CommunityWhat is Community ( (Development) Development)

Work?Work? Professional and independent support to groupsProfessional and independent support to groups Identifies, together with local people or Identifies, together with local people or

residents, community problems residents, community problems àànd community nd community resourcesresources

Increases the empowerment of local peopleIncreases the empowerment of local people Turns its attention primarily to people Turns its attention primarily to people

struggling with social deprivation and exclusionstruggling with social deprivation and exclusion Contributes to the development of civil society Contributes to the development of civil society

and democracyand democracy


Contributes to an active and Contributes to an active and sustainable community based on sustainable community based on mutual respect and social justicemutual respect and social justice

Challenges power structures which Challenges power structures which hinder participation of people in the hinder participation of people in the issues that effect their lives issues that effect their lives

Contributes to the socio-cultural Contributes to the socio-cultural development of the neighbourhood development of the neighbourhood by local people themselvesby local people themselves


CommunityCommunity development development workwork

Community development workCommunity development work is a rangeis a rangeof practices:of practices: to increase to increase the strength and the strength and

sustainabilitysustainability of community life of community life to improve to improve local conditions local conditions (phys. – (phys. –

soc.)soc.) to enable people to enable people to praticipateto praticipate in in

public life and decision-making and to public life and decision-making and to achieve greater achieve greater long-term controllong-term control over over their circumstances their circumstances (empowerment).(empowerment).


Main goal of community Main goal of community developmentdevelopment

The main goal of community development The main goal of community development isis

collectivily to bring about collectivily to bring about social change andsocial change and

justicejustice by working with communities to: by working with communities to: identify their needs and capacities, rights identify their needs and capacities, rights

and responsebilities and responsebilities plan, organise and take action (methods)plan, organise and take action (methods) evaluate the effectiviness and impact of evaluate the effectiviness and impact of

the action (‘reflection in/on action’). the action (‘reflection in/on action’).


Community (development) Community (development) workersworkers

Community (development) workers supportCommunity (development) workers supportindividuals, groups and organisations individuals, groups and organisations in the process of community development.in the process of community development.The support of the community workers isThe support of the community workers is--professionalprofessional (specific competences) (specific competences) -based on certain -based on certain values and commitment values and commitment (self-(self- determination, social justice, participation, etc.)determination, social justice, participation, etc.)-more or less -more or less independent independent (‘3rd party’; but(‘3rd party’; but solidarity with the most vulnerable groups).solidarity with the most vulnerable groups).CD workers in NL: professional standards or CD workers in NL: professional standards or

code.code.


Social workers in CD-sector in NLSocial workers in CD-sector in NL

Community workersCommunity workers Neighbourhood workersNeighbourhood workers (Community) Youth workers(Community) Youth workers Social-cultural workersSocial-cultural workers Neighbourhood Sport workersNeighbourhood Sport workers District managers/co-ordinatorsDistrict managers/co-ordinators ....................CD-workers: CD-workers: “Agent of change”“Agent of change”Roles of a CD-worker: activator, facilitator, Roles of a CD-worker: activator, facilitator,

broker,broker,intermediary, trainer, consultant, networker, etc.intermediary, trainer, consultant, networker, etc.


Present situation of CD in Present situation of CD in NLNL

Revaluation of CD as an intervention to Revaluation of CD as an intervention to improve livability and social cohesionimprove livability and social cohesion

Necessity to invest in bricks and Necessity to invest in bricks and mortar, but certainly mortar, but certainly in peoplein people

Focus mainly on lower income, Focus mainly on lower income, vulnerable groups and vulnerable areasvulnerable groups and vulnerable areas

Focus on minorities (10 %) and youthFocus on minorities (10 %) and youth Focus on safety, rules and valuesFocus on safety, rules and values


Mainly in cities, in deprived urban areasMainly in cities, in deprived urban areas Also in rural context, in villages Also in rural context, in villages CD is an instrument in local social policy and CD is an instrument in local social policy and

funded by local authorities, municipalitiesfunded by local authorities, municipalities Additional: CD is funded by several Ministries Additional: CD is funded by several Ministries

in extra projects (national urban policy)in extra projects (national urban policy) New: Ministry of Housing, Communities and New: Ministry of Housing, Communities and

Integration: from problem district to ‘show’ Integration: from problem district to ‘show’ district district


Current issues of cw in NLCurrent issues of cw in NL LivabilityLivability / Social / Social climateclimate, environment / , environment /

CommunicationCommunication Social exclusion / Isolation Social exclusion / Isolation Crime, vandalism, drug abuse, inconvenience, Crime, vandalism, drug abuse, inconvenience,

unsafetyunsafety Inter-ethnic group tensionsInter-ethnic group tensions Housing / Physical Housing / Physical environmentenvironment Upbringing and EducationUpbringing and Education Infrastructure / TrafficInfrastructure / Traffic Labour / Local economyLabour / Local economy Income / Benefits / Poverty Income / Benefits / Poverty Leisure and recreation facilitiesLeisure and recreation facilities HealthHealth Discrimination, racism, sexismDiscrimination, racism, sexism


A few trends in (methods of) A few trends in (methods of) CD in NLCD in NL

Demand oriented: active citizens Demand oriented: active citizens formulate their needsformulate their needs

Result oriented: concrete results in a Result oriented: concrete results in a short(er) term, accountability short(er) term, accountability

Focus on talents and capacities of people Focus on talents and capacities of people instead of needs and problemsinstead of needs and problems

Own responsibility of citizens (producers)Own responsibility of citizens (producers) More individual approach (as a first step More individual approach (as a first step

of the method) and personal of the method) and personal communication communication


Twin-track approach: setting boundaries Twin-track approach: setting boundaries (more control and compulsion) and (more control and compulsion) and offering oppertunitiesoffering oppertunities

Working on a small scale: street-approach, Working on a small scale: street-approach, door to doordoor to door

Integrated approach, together with other Integrated approach, together with other services and (social) professionalsservices and (social) professionals

Alliances with housing associations, local Alliances with housing associations, local authorities, police, business sector etc.authorities, police, business sector etc.

Distinction (tasks of) professionals is Distinction (tasks of) professionals is vaguevague


Examples of CD methods - Examples of CD methods - practicepractice

People Make the City – RotterdamPeople Make the City – Rotterdam

Street-approach, ‘street-citizenship’, ‘street-Street-approach, ‘street-citizenship’, ‘street-etiquette’etiquette’

ABCD – NijmegenABCD – Nijmegen

Talent oriented, assest in own Talent oriented, assest in own neighbourhoodneighbourhood

The Deventer Neighbourhood Approach – The Deventer Neighbourhood Approach – Deventer Deventer

Participation in decision making, (non-Participation in decision making, (non-formal ) district teams, district aldermenformal ) district teams, district aldermen

Documents

Community Development Work in NL - Matra project Croatia Hogeschool van Arnhem en Nijmegen - HAN University of applied sciences Department Cultural and Social Work Drs. Hay van der