COMMUNICATION.ppttextbooklecture Ary

8/8/2019 COMMUNICATION.ppttextbooklecture Ary

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Ch. 1 Human Communication: Whatand Why


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Types of communication

Intrapersonal

Interpersonal Small Group

Public

Mass communication


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Intrapersonal vs. Interpersonal

Intrapersonal- communicating with oneself

Interpersonal- communication that takes place

between two people

Dyad- two persons interacting


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Small group communication

Communication that takes place between more

than two membersGroup members usually communicate equally


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Public communication

Communication that takes place in a large group

Too large for all members to communicate equally


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Mass communication

Consists of messages that are transmitted in large

quantities to several people at one timeTransmitted through several sources: electronic,

print, television, radio, magazines, etc.

No personal contact between sender and receiver


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What needs are satisfied in your lifeby communicating with others? Physical needs

Identity needs Social needs

Practical needs


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Physical needs

Communicating with others benefits our physical

health/well-

being


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Identity needs

We define who we are through communication

with others

Impressions of who we are, are formed according

to the ways in which others respond to us


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Social needs

Several social needs are met through

communication:

Pleasure Escape

Affection RelaxationInclusion Control


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Practical Needs

Communication is used in order to achieve our

everyday needs-to get where we need to go

-to accomplish what we need to accomplish

-to better understand our environment and what isexpected of us


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What is communication competence?

The ability to communicate effectively

What is effective communication?

Communication that maintains or enhances the

relationship in which it occurs


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Why should we want to become morecompetent communicators?More satisfying relationships

In order to satisfy our human needsTo get more out of life


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Some interesting findings***Several studies show that married couples that were

identified as effective communicators report more

satisfying relationships than husbands and wives who areless skillful communicators

***Other studies have found that college students G.P.A.

was positively related to their communication competence.

Studies show that even a small amount of training cangreatly affect communication ability


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How might you become a morecompetent communicator?By taking this class

By wanting to become a better communicatorBy continuously working toward improving your

communication skills

By practicing the skills you are taught


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What are the characteristics of acompetent communicator? A wide range of communication behaviors to

choose from in an interactionAbility to choose the most appropriate behavior for

the situation

Ability to perform effective communication

Plenty of practice as a skilled communicator


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Other characteristics of competentcommunicatorsEmpathy

Cognitive Complexity Self-Monitoring

Commitment to the relationship


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Empathy

Ability to put yourself in anothers shoes

Understanding anothers perspective


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Cognitive complexity

The ability to analyze the behavior of others in a

variety of waysLooking at the situation from a variety of angles

(rather than just your perspective)


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Self-Monitoring

Observing your own behaviors as if you are

outside yourself

Imagining how others are interpreting your

behaviors

Being aware of how your behaviors affect others


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Commitment to the relationship

Level of commitment to a relationship determines

willingness to communicate effectively

We work harder at communicating in relationships

we genuinely care about


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T

hree factors to remember whendeciding on a responseThe context (what is involved in the situation)

Your goal (do you want this relationship tocontinue positively)

The other person (where is he or she coming from

and how is he or she feeling)


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In Conclusion:

It is now clear that communication satisfies several

human needs

It is important that we all work on our

communication skills in order to have more

effective relationships


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Models of Communication

Linear Model

Transactional Model


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Linear Model

In this model communication only goes one way


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How it works

Sender person sending the message

Receiver person receiving the messageSender encodes a message, chooses a

channel by which to send the message,

and then sends the message to a receiver

who then decodes the message.


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Channel the way the message is

conveyed (face- to-face, telephone, e-

mail, etc.) depends on the situation

[p. 14 explains different channels and

their effectiveness in specific situations]


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Encode when the sender consciously

attaches meanings to symbols from

feelings and ideas, creating the message

sent

Decode when the receiver interprets

and creates an understanding of what themessage sent means


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Noise

affects the message sent by the sender

may prevent the message from reaching thereceiver accurately

may affect the way the receiver interprets the

message.May take place before, during and after

message is sent


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Types of Noise

1. External factors that take placeoutside the receiver

2. Physiological -- biological, personalfactors that prevent the receiver fromaccurately interpreting and decoding the

message3. Psychological -- when forces within a

person prevent he/she from having theability to send or receive a message

effectively


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Environment

Refers to our physical surroundings, or to

our personal experiences and cultural

backgrounds that communicators base

their view of the world on.

Our environments may influence the way

we encode or decode messages.


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The way we understand a

message is based on severalfactors:

1. How we interpret the message sent

2. Environment we come from

3. The environment we are in when the

message is sent

4. The amount of noise that is present

when communication takes place


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Weaknesses of the linear

model:

lacks an element of response, and

communication is only one way.

This model assumes that all messages

sent involve conscious encoding

Sometimes we send messages

unconsciously without consciously

encoding them


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This brings us to the transactional model

which changes encoding to response

Response takes place when the sender

(consciously or unconsciously) sends a

message, or when a receiver (consciously orunconsciously) responds to a message.


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Transactional Model

Similar to the linear model with added

elements

Represents two-way communication


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In the Transactional Model

Feedback is the seen and understoodresponse of a receiver to a senders

message

Both parties involved are sending and

receiving messages simultaneously

Noise and environment are also elementsinvolved with the transactional model

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COMMUNICATION.ppttextbooklecture Ary