““ElementElementary, my dear ary, my dear Watson”Watson”

One of the most famous movie lines of all time

Just how small is an atom?

Quick ReviewQuick Review

Matter makes up everything in this Matter makes up everything in this room, right?room, right?– Matter is anything that has mass and Matter is anything that has mass and

volumevolume

What is matter made out of?What is matter made out of?

Elements!Elements! Elements-Elements-

– Building blocks of all matterBuilding blocks of all matter 118 elements118 elements

– First 94 occur naturally on earthFirst 94 occur naturally on earth Everything we can possibly imagine Everything we can possibly imagine

is made out of these 118 elements is made out of these 118 elements Elements are like the alphabet of Elements are like the alphabet of

everything in our universe.everything in our universe.

Periodic table of elementsSeaborgium

#106

What are elements made of?What are elements made of?

Atoms-Atoms-the smallest particle of a substance that can exist by itself. Also considered a vast source of potential energy (E=mc2)

– Atoms are made of 3 partsAtoms are made of 3 parts1.1. Protons (found in nucleus)Protons (found in nucleus)2.2. Neutrons(found in nucleusNeutrons(found in nucleus3.3. Electrons(orbit outside of Electrons(orbit outside of

Nucleus)Nucleus)

Remember, atoms are matter. Matter is Remember, atoms are matter. Matter is anything that has mass and volume.anything that has mass and volume.

Atoms have mass; very small massAtoms have mass; very small mass Oxygen atom has different mass than Oxygen atom has different mass than

Hydrogen atom.Hydrogen atom.

Bill Nye on Atoms

Michio Kaku on atoms

(not in note packet)(not in note packet)You’re not actually touching You’re not actually touching

anything…anything… You’re feeling the repulsive forces of You’re feeling the repulsive forces of

the electrons through your nerves.the electrons through your nerves. (1 in 8,000 potassium atoms, is (1 in 8,000 potassium atoms, is

radioactive (K40 or C14))radioactive (K40 or C14))

Don’t believe me? Proof.

AtomsAtoms

ProtonsProtons + charge (protons have mass)+ charge (protons have mass)

NeutronsNeutrons neutral charge (neutrons have mass)neutral charge (neutrons have mass)

Electrons (e-)Electrons (e-) - charge (electrons don’t have mass)- charge (electrons don’t have mass)

Important!!!Important!!!##protons=#electronsprotons=#electrons

Atomic weight=protons+neutronsAtomic weight=protons+neutrons Neutrons = (lets figure it out)________ - Neutrons = (lets figure it out)________ -

______________________

How many electrons in each element How many electrons in each element shown?shown?

Protons?Protons? Neutrons?Neutrons? Draw an atomic model for eachDraw an atomic model for each The larger the “atomic number”, the The larger the “atomic number”, the

larger the atom. (It’s literally bigger)larger the atom. (It’s literally bigger)

4 main groups of elements4 main groups of elements

1. 1. Highly reactive metalsHighly reactive metals• Named “alkali metals”Named “alkali metals”

React strongly with waterReact strongly with water

2.2. Less reactive metalsLess reactive metals• Named “transition metals and alkali Named “transition metals and alkali

earth metals”earth metals”

3.3. Highly reactive non-metalsHighly reactive non-metals• Named the “halogens”Named the “halogens”

4.4. Non-reactive gasesNon-reactive gases• Named “noble gases”Named “noble gases”

Alkali metals in water

PopulationsPopulationsOrganismsOrganisms

OrgansOrgansTissuesTissues

CellsCellsCell organelles (nucleus)Cell organelles (nucleus)Macromolecules (proteins)Macromolecules (proteins)

moleculesmoleculeselementelementss

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