Communication Software and Design (Chapter 1)

7/28/2019 Communication Software and Design (Chapter 1)

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Communication Software and

Design

(Software process and

requirement)ECM650

Dr Azlina Idris

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA


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Introduction (1/2)

Communication Software and Design

Covers the concept of communication system design andsimulation. Includes communication system design

fundamentals, simulation techniques and methods as well as

system performance validation.

Learning Outcomes:

1. Describe the fundamental concepts of communication

software design and explain methods of designing a

communication system using computer software.

2. Identify the problems involved in designing a communicationsystem and formulate the respective solution

3. Design and validate a communication system using a

design software.

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Introduction (2/2)

Importance of software in communication system design:

Analysis, testing and verification prior to hardware design

process.

Optimization of hardware design.

Performance prediction of a system.

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Types of simulations and design

tools

Design of microwave elements Design of physical layer, such as protocol, interfaces, timing

related specifications.

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Types of simulations and design tools

- Design of the completecommunication system

ECM420 Chapter1: Vector Algebra 5

CommunicationSystem Design

C++

MATLAB

System C

Circuit Design

Pspice

OrCAD

ADS

RF, MicrowaveEngineering

Genesis

CST

ADS

EmbeddedSystem, FPGA,

digital IC

SILVACO

VHDL

Verilog


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Introduction to MATLAB

MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and 4thGeneration programming

language.

Developed by MathWorks and this program (MATLAB) allows:-

matrix manipulations plotting of functions and data

implementation of algorithms

creation of user interfaces

interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java and Fortran.

Advantages of MATLAB:- Pre-defined built-in functions.

- Easy to create user-defined custom functions.

- User friendly coding methods.

- Integration with Simulink

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MATLAB Workspace/Command Window

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Workspace CommandWindow

Command History


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Example of MATLAB coding

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Variable definition

Fundamental Arithmetic

Plotting graphs


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Definition of variables

Two general method:

1) Define manually2) Using MATLAB built in functions.

Manual method:

By directly input at Matlab Command Prompt.

Binded by several rules:

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Each element must be separated using a blank, tab, or

comma.

All defined elements must be inside [ ]

Every end of each row is marked by ; .

If ; is used at the end of statement, the output will not be

shown


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(a) Matrix of real numbers

>> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6; 7 8 0] or A = [1,2,3 ; 4,5,6; 7,8,0]A = 1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 0

(b) Matrix of complex numbers

>> F = [ 1+i 2+3i ; 3+2i 4 + 4i ]

F = 1+ i 2+3i

3+2i 4+4i

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Definition of variables (cont)

Using functions method:

Various already created built-in functions existed in MATLAB.These functions can be used to create various types of data

stream including random numbers, and special matrix.

Commonly used built-in functions:

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Functions Definitions

Zeros

Ones

Eye

DiagRandn

Randn

.

.

.

Matrix of zeros

Matrix of ones

Matrix unit

Diagnal matrixRandom

Normalized random

number


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Examples 2 x 3 matrix of all zeros:

>> zeros (2,3)ans = 0 0 0

0 0 0

3 x 3 matrix of all ones:

>> ones (3)ans = 1 1 1

1 1 1

1 1 1

1 x 5 matrix of random numbers (pseudonoise):>> randn(1,5)

ans = 0.951 0.2211 0.6068 0.48600.8913

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Examples

Data with a constant increment can be generated

easily using the below format:>> initial value : increment : final value

Vector data consist of {1,2,3,4,..9,10}:

>> h = 1 : 1 : 10 or

>> h = 1: 10 (applies only for increment of 1)

ans =

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

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Some useful operations of

data

Generated data can be manipulated using

several easy operations.

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Basic Arithmetic

MATLAB is included with various types of arithmeticfunctions, including specialized ones.

Example of commonly used arithmetic functions

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+-

*

/ or \

.*

./ or .\

^

.^

summinus

multiplication

division

Multiplication of elements

Division of elements

Power

Power (elements)


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Scalar Functions

Example:

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sin, cos, tan

asin, acos, atan

Sinh, cosh, tanh

expLog, log2, log10

sqrt

abs

Conj

Real, imag

.

.

Trigonometric functions

Inverse trigonometric functions

Hyperbolic functions

exponentialLog functions

Square root

Calculate absolute value

Complex conjugate

Dividing complex numbers to real

and imaginary parts


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Plotting graphs

Graphics functions: 2D,3D

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Functions (2D plots) Definitions

Plot

Loglog

Semilogx, semilogy

Polar

BarPie

Hist

Axis

Grid

subplot

.

.

Linear plot

Log plot

Semilog plot

Polar plot

Bar plotPie plot

Histogram plot

Set range for axis

Display grid line

Plot graphs in a subwindow


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Plotting Graphs (cont)

Plotting a sine graph:x = 0:pi/100:20*pi;y = sin(x);plot(x,y)

axis([0 20*pi -1 1])grid

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Plotting two sine graph:

x = 0:pi/100:20*pi;

y = sin(x); y2 = 0.5*sin(2*x);

plot(x,y,x,y2)

axis([0 20*pi -1 1])

grid


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Plotting graphs (cont)

Subplot:

subplot(2,1,1)

plot(x,y)

grid

subplot(2,1,2)

plot(x,y2)grid

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M-file

Two types: script m-file, function m-file

Script m-file: write commands simultaneously beforehand,and compile in one file. Save the file as extension *.m.

Benefit: Able to do repeated operation with the use of

variables.

* variables defined inside an M-file will also be recognized as

a global variable.

Example:

Copy and paste the commands in previous exercises in an M-

File and compile. You should get the same result.

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Introduction to Simulink

A GUI base simulation tools insideMATLAB.

Usage of blocks to assemble larger

systems. Pre-generated blocks have several

limitations.

Can create customized blocks usingm-file, C and etc,

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Simulink (cont)

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Start Simulink by

clicking on the

icon at the toolbar


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Simulink (cont)

Simulink library and model browser

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Simulink (cont)

Common types of Block Libraries inSimulink

- Sources: Signal Sources

- Sinks: Monitor and logging of signals- Discrete: Discrete Systems Blocks

- Linear

- Non-linear

- Connections:

Signal connections and management

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Exercises:

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Communication Software and Design (Chapter 1)