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Commercial Building Energy Audits
Michael Kuk, LEED AP BD+C, CPMP, OPMP, BEAP, CxA
CERx Solutions Commissioning, Energy Efficiency, Retro Commissioning Solutions 630-‐636-‐7118 (office / Fax) 630-‐631-‐9483 (mobile) [email protected]
ASHRAE ILLINOIS CHAPTER 2015 SPRING CONFERENCE March 10, 2015
* WHAT IS AN ASHRAE LEVEL 1/2/3 AUDIT? * THE ASHRAE “GREEN BOOK” “PROCEDURES FOR COMMERCIAL ENERGY AUDITS * ASHRAE STANDARD 100 * ASHRAE RESOURCES * AUDITORS TOOL BOX * WHAT ELSE IS ASHRAE UP TO?
AGENDA
THE goal of today is today give an over-‐view and show you where to get more info to learn more.
* LEVEL 1: Walk-‐Through Survey * LEVEL 2: Energy Survey and Analysis * LEVEL 3: Detailed Analysis of Capital-‐ Intensive Modifications
ASHRAE LEVEL AUDITS
“The defining line between each level is often “grey”. Different clients have different expectations on what level of detail they want within each level.”
1. HOW MUCH ENERGY ARE THEY USING? 2. WHERE ARE THEY USING IT? 3. ARE THEY USING IT EFFECTIVELY? 4. HOW CAN THEY USE IT MORE EFFECTIVELY?
IN A NUTSHELL
* Collect * Basic Site Information * Historical Billing and Consumption * Energy Performance Summaries (EUI, Target Finder
Score, CBECS EIU)
* Provides Necessary background data for level 1,2,3 analyses * Downloadable from www.ashrae.org/PCBEA
BEFORE YOU GET STARTED… Do A Preliminary Energy-‐Use Analysis (PEA)
* Conduct a brief on-‐site survey of the building * ID Low-‐Cost / no-‐cost measures * Provide a listing of potential capital improvements that merit further consideration * Calculations are minimal * Savings and costs are approximate
ASHRAE LEVEL 1 The Walk-‐Through Survey
* More detailed survey * Energy consumption and peak demand analysis * Break down of energy end uses * Provide savings and cost analysis of EEM’s that meet owner/operator constraints and economic criteria * Recommend changes to O&M procedures * Listing of EEM’s that require greater review
ASHRAE LEVEL 2 The Energy Survey and Analysis
* Focuses on potential capital-‐intensive projects ID’d through a Level 2 Analysis * Requires more detailed field data gathering * More rigorous engineering and economic analysis * May include modeling (simulation) and vendor pricing * Provides detailed project cost and savings calculations (with higher level of confidence) * It often goes beyond the economic analysis of level 2
ASHRAE LEVEL 3 Detailed Analysis of Capital-‐Intensive
Modifications
Energy Audit Overlay
Energy Audit Required Tasks
The ASHRAE “Green Book” Procedures for Commercial Building
Energy Audits
* Part 1: Definitions of level of effort required * Part 2: Best Practices * Part 3: Resources * AUDITING FORMS (can also be down –
loaded from https://xp20.ashrae.org/PCBEA/PCBEA_Supplemental_Files.html
• AVAILABLE FROM ASHRAE WEBSITE • $92 MEMBERS / $109 NON-‐MEMBERS • 164 PAGES OF EXTREMELY VALUABLE
INFORMATION • HIGHLY RECOMMEND PURCHASE
AND USE!
PCBEA sample forms
* TABLE OF CONTENTS * PCBEA Sample Forms * GENERAL INFORMATION * 1.0 Basic Site Information * 1.10 Capital Improvement Plan * 1.11 Operations and Maintenance Costs * 1.12 Space Function Summary * GEOMETRY AND ENVELOPE * 1.21 Sketches * 1.22 Opaque Surfaces * 1.23 Fenestration * 1.24 Opaque Doors * SCHEDULES * 1.31 Occupancy * 1.32 Lighting * 1.33 Plug Loads * 1.34 HVAC * 1.40 Peak Occupancy * LIGHTING * 1.51 Interior Lighting * 1.52 Exterior Lighting * 1.60 Plug Loads * 1.70 Thermal Zoning * DOMESTIC HOT WATER * 1.81 Equipment * 1.82 Fixtures and Use
* HVAC AND CONTROLS OPTIONS * 2.0 Boilers * 2.1 Chillers * 2.2 Cooling Towers and Fluid Coolers * 2.3 Pumps and Piping Systems * 2.4 Air-‐Handling System Equipment * 2.5 Air-‐Handling System Controls * 2.6 Air System Terminal Units * 2.7 Zone Heating Equipment * 2.8 Fan-‐Coil Units * 2.9 Exhaust/Return Fans * 2.10 Packaged Units: DX, Heat Pumps * 2.11 Condensing Unit and Condensers * SPECIALTY LOADS * 3.0 Swimming Pools * 3.1 Kitchen Equipment * 3.2 Lab Equipment * 3.3 Refrigeration Equipment * 3.4 Data Centers/IT Rooms * 3.5 Process Equipment
ASHRAE Standard 100-‐2015 Energy Efficiency in Existing Buildings
2. SCOPE This standard applies to existing buildings, portions of buildings, and building complexes, including the envelope and all systems in the building. This standard excludes industrial and agricultural processes in buildings for which the energy targets do not include those processes.
1. Qualified person determines if a building has an EUI that meets target
2. For buildings without energy targets, a qualified person shall conduct an energy audit. Bundle shall be implemented.
3. Owner shall designate an energy manager to develop and maintain an energy management plan
Standard 100 Auditing Requirements
* 8.1 The qualified energy auditor shall complete Forms D and/or E, and submit to the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).
* If an energy audit is required within this section, a copy of the audit summary results shall be included in the compliance documentation.
* Compliance with this Standard shall be achieved by adopting energy efficiency measures (EEMs) that collectively will reduce annual building energy use. Fuel switching shall not be permitted for this purpose unless the fuel switching saves annual energy costs.
* 8.2 Energy Audit Requirements for Buildings without Energy Targets
* 8.2.1 Overall Process. An energy audit shall be conducted for all buildings not having an energy target. The energy audit and the associated energy audit report shall be completed by a qualified energy auditor practicing within their field of competency.
* The energy audit shall be a Level 2 audit (as defined in Section 8.4.2) and shall not be required to cost more than 10% of the building’s annual energy expenditure. If the scope of a Level 2 audit would result in an audit cost that exceeds 10% of the building’s annual energy expenditure, the scope of that audit may be limited to meet the cost cap.
8. ENERGY AUDIT REQUIREMENTS
Standard 100 Revision Flow Chart
Compliance Requirements Section 4
Standard 100 Compliance
Does Building
Meet Energy Target? Sect. 7
NO
YES
Is there a Target for Building
type? Section 7
YES
NO
Standard 100 Seek Compliance
Implement Mandatory Operations and Maintenance, Section 6
Complete Compliance Forms for Buildings with
Targets Section 4
Complete Compliance Forms for Buildings w/o
Targets Section 4
Verify Energy Savings
Section 9
Prioritize, Implement &
Commission EEMs Section 9
Verify Energy Savings
Section 9
Prioritize, Implement & Commission
EEMs Section 9
Conduct Energy Audit Section 8
Conduct Energy Audit Section 8
Identify Building Type, Climate Zone and Collect
Energy Use Data, Section 7
Implement Mandatory Energy Management Program, Section 5
* Standard 105-‐2014: Standard Methods of Determining, Expressing, and Comparing Building Energy Performance and Greenhouse Gas Emissions * Standard 180-‐2012: Standard Practice for Inspection and
Maintenance of Commercial Building HVAC Systems * Standard 189.1-‐2014: Standard for Design of High-‐
Performance Green Buildings * Standard 62.1-‐2013: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air
Quality * Standard 90.1-‐2010-‐Energy Standard for Buildings
OTHER ASHRAE RESOURCES Standards
* Guideline 11-‐2009: Field Testing of HVAC Control Components * Guideline 14-‐2014: Measurement of Energy and Demand Savings * Guideline 22-‐2012-‐ instrumentation for Monitoring Central Chilled-‐Water Plant Efficiency
Other ASHRAE RESOURCES Guidelines
ASHRAE RESOURCES: Advanced Energy Design Guides
* (Misc) ASHRAE Technical Papers and Journal Articles * ASHRAE Owning and Operating Cost Database: http://
xp20.ashrae.org/publicdatabase/ * ASHRAE “Back of the Envelope Calculator” * ASHRAE Performance Measurement Protocols for
Commercial Buildings * ASHRAE Green Guide * Energy Efficiency Guides for Existing Commercial Buildings * The business Case for Building Owners and Managers
Other ASHRAE Resources
TOOLS OF THE TRADE What’s in My Tool Box?
* Power Meter * Data Loggers * Temperature Guns * FLIR Infrared Gun * Sling Psychrometer * Digital Psychrometer /Enthalpy
meter * Temperature Probes / Clamp
on temperature * CO2 Sensor * Lighting Meter
* Refractometer * Vaneometer * Snake Camera * Misc hand tools * Safety Gear * I-‐Pad * Laptop Computer * Calibrated Tracer Gas * Strobe-‐tachometer * Sound Meter
* ASHRAE Standard 211P “Standard for Commercial Building Energy Audits” * Will Standardize the Auditing Process * Timeline?
WHAT ELSE IS ASHRAE UP TO?
QUESTIONS?
