Combating IUU Fishing and Fisheries Crime Presentat ion at the 4 t h In ternat ional Symposium on F isher ies Cr ime

MAS ACHMAD SANTOSA Coordinator of the Special Advisors of the Presidential Task Force to Combat Illegal Fishing (SATGAS 115) Copenhagen, 15 October 2018

1

OUTLINE

 Category 1: Significance Combating IUU Fishing

 Category 2: Combating IUU Fishing: Indonesia’s Policies

 Category 3: Positives Impacts of Indonesia’s Policies

 Moving Forward

2

SIGNIFICANCE

COMBATING IUU

FISHING

3

INDONESIA’S ASSET

4

“THE SEA IS THE FUTURE OF OUR NATION”

President Joko Widodo, State speech on 20 October 2014

Two-third of Indonesia’s region (NKRI) is ocean (6.4 million km2), with the second longest coastal lines in the world (108.000 km), 17.504 island and 17% of the world’s coral reef is in Indonesia.

Border of Indonesian Sea Region Based on the 1982 LOSC Provisions

Territorial Sea Border

ZEE Sea Border

INCREASING FISHERIES POTENTIAL

5

Indonesia’s fish stock is increasing every year

The Number of Fish Resource Potential (MSY) in Indonesia (million ton / year)

2017 2015 2013 2011 2001 1999 1997

12,54*

3

1 0

2

6

4 5

9

7 8

12

10 11

13

6,19 6,4 6,41 6,52 7,31

9,93

THE FISHERIES SECTOR IS ALSO FACING THREATS WHICH CAUSES FISH STOCK DEPLETION

6

The problems include overfishing, IUU fishing and the use of unsustainable fishing gears and methods, including blast fishing.  

Image: http://www.greenpeace.org/australia/PageFiles/632840/supertrawlernet.jpg, http://awsassets.wwfnz.panda.org/img/original/web_230599_trawling.jpg, https://images.nature.com/full/nature-assets/nature/journal/v405/n6790/images/4051017ab.2.jpg

According to FAO, 33.1% of global fish stocks were over-exploited, while another 59.9% were fully-exploited. FAO considers IUU fishing to be a major global threat to sustainable management of fisheries and to stable socio-economic conditions for many small-scale fishing communities. Bottom trawl is not a selective fishing gear, which leads to overfishing and discards a lot of fish. As a result, discarding practices have been estimated to lead to 7 million tons of fish being rejected dead at sea.    

DURING THE LAST 10 YEARS, THE LIVELIHOOD OF FISHERMEN ARE DECREASING

7

There is a decrease in the number of Fishermen Household according to BPS Agriculture Census

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

1,600,000

1,800,000

2003 2013

Usaha Penangkapan Ikan

Source: BPS Agriculture Census 2003 & 2013

Decrease 44,9 %

‘Pintur’ Crab Fisherman

‘Ketinting’ Fisherman

Picture Number of Households in Fishing Business 2003-2013

Fish Catching Business

IUU FISHING AND CRIMES RELATED TO FISHERIES AS TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED FISHERIES CRIME

5. Tax crime (evasion or fraud) 1. Illegal

transaction of fuel

2. Immigration-related crime

3. Customs related crime , (incl.

smugglings of drugs, protected species,

vessel spare parts and other goods)

4. Money laundering 8. Illicit Drugs Trafficking

7. Human rights abuses (forced labor, human trafficking and child labor etc)

6. Corruption

8

COMBATING IUU FISHING: INDONESIA’S

POLICIES 9

10

 STRONG FISHERIES GOVERNANCE

Strong governance is the basis to maintain the sustainability of productivity enhancement of marine and fishery resources in Indonesia. Strong fisheries governance is built upon three big pillars of sovereignty, sustainability and prosperity.

3 Pillars of MMAF

Missions Sovereignty Mission

Sustainability Mission

Prosperity Mission

FREE TO DETERMINE

one’s purpose for the sake of

national interest, without foreign

intervention

NATIONAL SECURITY, which

includes the security of its

natural resources

1

2

THE OCEAN’S RESOURCES IS

ADEQUATE for more than one generation

THE OCEAN BOLSTERS NATION’S

DEVELOPMENT

FISHERIES RESOURCES to

enhance the quality of the people in one

nation

3

4

5

TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL OF PUBLIC

WELFARE as mandated by the Preambule of

1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia

HUMAN SECURITY, which includes a healthy

environment, insured health, decent education and

protected human rights

6

7

THREE PILLARS OF MARINE AND FISHERIES RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

POLICIES TO COMBAT IUU FISHING

Sovereignty, Sustainability and Prosperity

(4) Establishment of a Ministerial Task Force to Prevent and Combat IUU

Fishing

(6) Demolition of 488 Illegal Fishing

Vessels to create deterrent effect

(1)  Moratorium for Ex-Foreign

Vessels from November 2014 to

October 2015

(2) Ban on Transhipment at Sea

(3) Prohibition on Unsustainable Fishing Gears

(5) Compliance Audit of 1,132 Ex-

Foreign Vessels

(8) Strengthening Law Enforcement: -  Imposing administrative sanctions -  Monitoring and evaluation of ongoing case handling (quality control) by the Task

Force -  Application of corporate criminal liability and multi-legal regime (multi-door)

approach -  International cooperation (MIST, outreach, utilizing INTERPOL facilities, and

Capacity Building) -  Advocating Transnational Organized Fisheries Crime (in line with UNTOC)

(9) Human Rights Protection

in the Fisheries Business

(10) 2016: Closing foreign investment for capture-

fisheries sector to protect Indonesia’s natural

resources

(7) Establishment of

a Presidential Task Force to Combat IUU Fishing (Task Force 115) in

2015

(11) Governance improvement: 1.  Improving Governance of Fishery

Business License: 2.  Promote fisheries transparency in capture

fisheries (FiTI); 3.  Analysis and Evaluation of Local Fishing

Vessels to promote compliance and better governance;

4.  Phasing out destructive fishing gears; 5.  Amendment of Fisheries Law to translate

the 3 principles and to harmonize with CoC on Responsible and Sustainable Fisheries

3 principles:

Joint Communique Indonesia – Papua New Guinea Indonesia – Timor Leste Indonesia – Palau Indonesia – New Zealand Indonesia – Australia Indonesia – Norway

11

SINKING OF SHIPS IS MANDATED BY THE FISHERIES LAW

12

Creating a Deterrent Effect to eliminate IUUF in Indonesian waters

Article 69 of the Fisheries Law (31/2004 jo .45/2009)

Scope of Authority: •  Article 69 (3): Stop, check, carry and hold the vessels

suspected or reasonably suspected of violation in the Area of Fisheries Management

•  Article 69 (4): On the basis of sufficient preliminary evidence, may take special action in the form of burning and / or sinking of a foreign-flagged fishing vessel on the basis of sufficient initial evidence

*) Information: MV Viking

NO. Vessel’s Flag TOTAL

1 Vietnam 276

2 Philippines 90

3 Thailand 50

4 Malaysia 41

5 Indonesia 26

6 Papua New Guinea 2

7 China 1

8 Belize 1

9 Stateless 1

TOTAL (Nov 2014-Aug 2018)

488

PROHIBITION & ENFORCEMENT OF MINIMUM SIZE OF TRAWL

13

Rules of Sustainability Pillars: Ministerial Reg. No. 01/2015 jo. Ministerial Reg. No. 56/2016 and Ministerial Reg. No. 02/2015 jo. Ministerial Reg. No. 71/2016

The facts are: 1.  The net will shrink, if the vessel is used to hold the net

(same as trawl) 2.  Average depth of Java sea is 60-100 m, then the net

begins to lift if the rest of the warp rope is close to 2x the depth or about 200m

3.  On a vessel that uses >3000 m, the swap areas will be along 1300m

4.  Many small fish will get caught, thus, not sustainable

Length of Warp Rope

Dia-meter Circle Area

1,000 m 320 8 Ha 3,000 m 960 72 Ha 6,000 m 1920 289 Ha

P

P

Location Fish Target By-Catch

Brondong (IPB, 2009)

51% 49%

9 species 16 species

Tegal (UNDIP, 2008)

46% 54%

21 species (dominantly Petek)

SURIMI FISH FLOUR

Illustration of Danish Seine (Cantrang) Operation

Commodity Size of Karapas Weight

Lobster (Panulirus spp.) > 8 cm > 200 gram

Crab (Scylla spp) > 15 cm > 200 gram

Rajungan (Portunus spp.) > 10 cm > 60 gram

Limiting Size of Lobsters, Crabs, Swimming Crab

Open season for crabs spawn : 15 Des-5 Feb Closed season for crabs Spawn: 6 Feb-14 Des

The failure of lobster seeds smuggling in Tanjung Priok

ONE ROOF ENFORCEMENT FOR FISHERY CRIME

14

Establishment of 115 Task Force (Presidential Regulatopn No. 115/2015 on Illegal Fishing Eradication Task Force)

PRESIDENTIAL REGULATION NO. 44 OF 2016:

15

Partiality and investment opportunities offered in the field of marine and fisheries

BUSINESS CATEGORY

OPEN

OPEN WITH REQUIRED TERMS

For foreign investment 100% without special provisions

Cold Storage

Requirements reserved for SMEs

Fish breeding

OPEN WITH PARTNERSHIP REQUIREMENTS

Requires to partner with SMEs

Fish hatchery and enlargement

Drying, fumigation, fermentation & surimi

Marketing, Distribution & Export

OPEN WITH CERTAIN REQUIREMENTS

Specific requirements such as location, capital size & institutional recommendation

Excavation of sea sand (100% domestic capital)

Capture fisheries (100% domestic capital and KKP special permits)

Cultivation of ornamental coral (recommendation from KLHK)

CLOSED

Prohibited from doing any business, either domestic or foreign investors

Fish listed in CITES

Utilization of natural corals

Lifting of the sinking ship

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 14

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10 Targets of SDG 14

Sustainably manage and

protect marine and coastal

ecosystem by 2020

Minimize and address the impacts of

ocean acidification

End overfishing,

IUU fishing and destructive fishing by

2020

Reduce marine

pollution by 2025

Conserve at least 10% of coastal and

marine areas by 2020

Increase scientific

knowledge to improve

ocean health Increase economic

benefits from sustainable use

of marine resources for

SIDS and LDCs

Prohibit certain forms of fisheries subsidies By

2020

Enhance conservation and sustainable use of oceans by implementing

international law Provide access for small-scale

artisanal fisheries to

marine resources and markets

SDG 14 DRIVES COUNTRIES TO CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE THE OCEAN THROUGH 10 TARGETS

17

POSITIVE IMPACTS OF INDONESIA’S POLICIES

18

GROWTH OF FISHERY SECTOR TO NATIONAL ECONOMY

19

The fishery sector is growing above the national economy

Quarterly GDP Growth Rate (%) Year 2011 - 2017 (Quarter III)

Sum

ber :

Bad

an P

usat

Sta

tistik

, 201

7

Nilai PDB Perikanan Dalam Rp. miliar

The growth of GDP value of fishery is always above the national GDP and agricultural sector’s GDP value. Until Quarter III 2017, the growth reached 6.79% and the value is Rp169,513.10 billion

Gro

wth

(%

) 189,089.70

204,016.80 214,523.20

169,513.10

2014 2015 2016 2017*

s.d Triwulan III 2017

5.02

4.88 5.02 5.03

4.24

3.00 3.16 3.91

7.35 7.89

5.15 6.79

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Nasional Pertanian Perikanan

Fisheries GDP Growth Value in IDR

Until Q32017

INCREASING FISH CONSUMPTION

20

Indicator of increased economic growth in domestic fisheries sector

33.89 35.21

38.14

41.11 43.94

46.49

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Fish Consumption per year(Kg/Kap/Year) 2012-2017*

Kg/Kap/tahun

Sumber : BPS,, processed Ditjen PDS, 2017 * Temporary figures 2017

1.  Fish consumption is increasing to 21.9% during with the consumption preference classification as follows: Fresh fish 76%, Processed Fish (KIMJ) 19%, Salted Fish 15%

2.  The average of fish consumption is increasing in every province

3.  Fish is increasingly popular

76, 69%

15, 14%

19, 17%

Fresh fish

Processed Fish

Salted fish

CONSUMER PREFERENCE

Investasi tanpa reformasi Reformasi tanpa investasi Investasi dan reformasi

*Nilai apabila dibandingkan dengan tidak adanya investasi DAN tidak ada reformasi

FISHERIES POLICY REFORM WILL INCREASE FISH STOCK & REVENUE

21

Research Results of MMAF Research & HR Agency, together with the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

FISHERIES POLICY REFORM WILL INCREASE FISH STOCK & REVENUE

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Projections 2050: If the fishery reform policy is carried out consistently, it can increase the fish biomass 224%, increase the catch 100%, and increase the economic profit USD 3.7 billion.

And if done globally, by 2050, fish biomass will increase to 619 million metric tons, catch to 16 million metric tons, and fishery profits of USD 53 billion.

Research Results of MMAF Research & HR Agency, together with the University of California Santa Barbara (UCSB)

INCREASING FISH STOCK

23

Indicator of restored health of marine resources after fisheries policy reform

The Number of Fish Resource Potential (MSY) in Indonesia (million ton / year)

*) Ministerial Decree, Kepmen KP No. 50/KEPMEN-KP/2017

2017 2015 2013 2011 2001 1999 1997

12,54*

3

1 0

2

6

4 5

9

7 8

12

10 11

13

6,19 6,4 6,41 6,52 7,31

9,93

THE FISHERMEN‘S PROSPERITY INCREASES

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The Fisherman Business Exchange Value (NTUN) has the most significant increase compared to other indicators

Sumber : Badan Pusat Statistik, 2017 NTP : Nilai Tukar Perikanan NTUP : Nilai Tukar Usaha Perikanan NTN : Nilai Tukar Nelayan NTUN : Nilai Tukar Usaha Nelayan NTPi : Nilai Tukar Pembudidaya Ikan NTUPi : Nilai Tukar Usaha Pembudidaya Ikan

95.00

100.00

105.00

110.00

115.00

120.00

125.00

130.00

Jan-

14

Feb-

14

Mar

-14

Apr

-14

May

-14

Jun-

14

Jul-1

4 A

ug-1

4 Se

p-14

O

ct-1

4 N

ov-1

4 D

ec-1

4 Ja

n-15

Fe

b-15

M

ar-1

5 A

pr-1

5 M

ay-1

5 Ju

n-15

Ju

l-15

Aug

-15

Sep-

15

Oct

-15

Nov

-15

Dec

-15

Jan-

16

Feb-

16

Mar

-16

Apr

-16

May

-16

Jun-

16

Jul-1

6 A

ug-1

6 Se

p-16

O

ct-1

6 N

ov-1

6 D

ec-1

6 Ja

n-17

Fe

b-17

M

ar-1

7 A

pr-1

7 M

ay-1

7 Ju

n-17

Ju

l-17

Aug

-17

Sep-

17

Oct

-17

Nov

-17

Dec

-17

NTN NTPi NTP NTUN NTUPi NTUP

NT Rata-Rata 2014 2015 2016 2017

NTN 104,63 106,14 108,24 109,86

NTUN 107,37 108,63 117,57 123,01

NTPi 101,42 99,65 98,96 99,09

NTUPi 105,90 106,61 108,62 110,23

FISHERIES NON-TAX REVENUE REACH THE HIGHEST RECORD IN 2017

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As the regulation and law enforcement improved, state revenues increased

Fishery Income for 2007-2017 * (Rp Billion)

115 77

101 92

183 215 227.56 214.44

77.47

357.88

491.08

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Foreign Vessel and Ex-foreign Vessel still operates

491.08 Billion Rupiah The highest achievement in the last 10 years (2007-2017)

Indonesian fishermen and Domestic Vessel

Source : https://spanint.kemenkeu.go.id (9 January 2018)

MOVING FORWARD •  Strong political will is imperative for governments to take actions, make decisions,

and enforce the law to support the preservation of healthy ocean. •  Approaches to combat IUU fishing shall include (1) using preventative measure by

promoting compliance monitoring system which is conducted regularly and periodically; (2) promoting non-discriminative enforcement policy including using multidoor approach and imposing corporate criminal liability; (3) ensuring the government meets the criteria of 3As (ability to detect, ability respond, and ability to punish); (4) establishing integrated criminal justice system by setting up one roof enforcement system (ORES) to ease the inter-agency coordination; (5) conducting effective international cooperation and collaboration (bilateral, multilateral, and with UN agencies and INTERPOL), including promoting FishFORCE Academy not only located in South Africa and Indonesia but also in other continents to facilitate the capacity building for enforcement officers.

.

26

THANK YOU

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MAS ACHMAD SANTOSA Coordinator of the Special Advisors of the Presidential Task Force to Combat Illegal Fishing (SATGAS 115) Copenhagen, 15 October 2018