MINISTERIAL DECLARATION

8th MINISTERIAL CONFERENCE OFTHE LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

T H E E M I R A T E S P A L A C E , A B U D H A B I , U N I T E D A R A B E M I R A T E S 2 N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 9

Integrating lessons learned and innovative approachesAccelerating industrialization in LDCs:

UN-OHRLLSUnited Nations Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States

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Distr.:Limited6November2019Original:English

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GeneralConferenceEighteenthsessionAbuDhabi,3–7November2019

AnnexI

Nextdecadeofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment

1. We reaffirm our commitment to the implementation of the 2030 Agenda andachieving its17SDGsremainsasaparamountobjectiveof theLDCs.The respectivenational development plans and visions of LDCs would continue to gain from theglobal consensus on the pressing development challenges of LDCs, which are wellreflected in the 18 LDCs related targets of relevant SDGs. Aswemove towards thenew decade of the LDC programme of actionwhich is also correspondingwith thefinal decadeof SDGs,weurge global development partners,UnitedNationsSystemAgencies, DFIs, other bilateral and multilateral institutions to strive for buildingeffectivepartnershipsandachievingresultsasplanned;

2. We welcome the efforts to reform the United Nations system and commitourselves to effectively guide and use the Resident Coordinator Office (RCO) andplace industrial development as an important theme during the United NationsSustainable Development Cooperation Framework formulation process/CommonCountryAssessment(CCA)andthroughoutits implementation.Suchareformshouldnot negatively impact field offices and technical cooperation. By taking note of theopportunitiesofferedbythereinvigoratedUNRCsystem,weurgetheUnitedNationssystem agencies and other development actors to enhance country levelpartnerships;

3. We take note of the new UNSDCF and its comprehensive programmaticapproachandwehighlight theneed foraprogrammaticapproachby the respectiveUnitedNationssystemagenciesinachievingSDGsatthecountrylevel.Inthisregard,we appreciate UNIDO’s implementing modalities such as Programme for CountryPartnership (PCP) and Country Programme (CP) frameworks as effective tools totranslateISIDintoconcreteactionsandinviewofmobilizingeffectivepartnershipstomobilizeresourcesforLDCs;

4. WeappreciatethecontributionofthedevelopmentpartnersmadetowardstheachievementoftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),theprogressachievedbyseveral least developed countries (LDCs) so far and emphasize that much more isrequired in order achieve the SDGs across all LDCs. Considering this challenge,revitalizing structural transformation, building productive capacities, promotingindustrialization, enabling sustainable economic growth and creating decentemployment,areindispensabletoachievetheSDGsintheLDCs;

5. WereiteratethatSDG9andrelatedgoalsareofutmost important forLDCsasindustrialization is recognized as an engine of economic growth and nationaldevelopment. Therefore, accelerating ISID would unleash greater momentum innational transformation leading to LDCs’ graduation.Moreover, the spillover effects

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of inclusive and sustainable industrialization could lift the country as a whole –leavingnoonebehindandleavingnocountrybehind;

6. WerecallthetargetoftheIPoAtodoublethemanufacturingvalueadded(MVA)shareinGDPinLDCstoachievehighergrowthandemploymentaswellastheSDG9.Weare concernedof the limitedprogressmade towards this important goal,whichnecessitatestoreinforceoureffortstoachievehigherMVAandreachtheSDGtargetsthrough increasedmulti-stakeholderpartnerships tomobilize resources for inclusiveandsustainableindustrialdevelopment;

Climatechangeandindustrialdevelopmentchallenges

7. Wecontinuetoidentifyandalarmedofthegrowingdangerofclimatechangeasit impacts disproportionately burden the LDCs and acknowledge the challenge isprimarily to take effective measures to strengthen the resilience against theinevitable impactsof climate change.As industry andenergyplays a greater role inmitigationandadaptation,werequestUNIDOtopromotegreenindustrymodelsandlow carbon renewable energy solutions in LDCs consistent with countries’ nationalpriorities.

8. We reiterate the call of ministerial declaration on IPoA in New York on26 September 2018 and urge all international partners to provide financial andtechnicalsupportandtechnologytransfertoLDCstoensurethatallLDCscanengageeffectively in low emission and climate resilient development thatwill protect thelivesofourpopulations,economiesandsystems;

9. Wewelcome the agreement, reached in Katowice, on rules to implement theParisAgreement,inparticularonwaystomeasureandreportoncountries’emission-cutting efforts and stress the necessity of developed countries and leading carbonemitting developing countries must continue undertake major efforts for climatechangemitigation. In this regard,wetakenoteof thepledgesmademanycountrieson new contributions to the Green Climate Fund and commitment announced byprivate sector during the Secretary General’s Climate Action Summit and the74thGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNations;

10. Weappreciate theofficial announcementof the launchof Climate InvestmentPlatformduringtheSecretary-General’sClimateActionSummit2019.WetakenoteofitsobjectiveofseekingdirectmobilizationofUS$1trillionincleanenergyinvestmentby 2025 in 20 Least Developed Countries in its first year and reiterate thecommitmentmadeforUSD100billionperyearundertheParisAgreement;

Technicalcooperationandpolicyadvisoryservice

11. We acknowledge that Technical Cooperation by the United Nationsdevelopment system agencies is amajor vehicle of delivering services for capacity-building in LDCs, particularly the new approach on the humanitarian developmentnexus, and we commit its effective facilitation as an integral part of our nationaldevelopmentpriority;

12. We underscore the importance of UNIDO services in the areas of creatingshared prosperity, advancing economic competitiveness, safeguarding theenvironment, and strengthening knowledge and institutions for building productivecapacities and facilitating structural transformation in LDCs. Acknowledging suchsignificantroleofUNIDO,weurgetheorganizationtocontinuepursuingitstechnicalcooperation programmes, advisory services and global forums to accelerate andenlargeinclusive industrializationinLDCs; inparticularweurgeUNIDOtoexpanditsprogrammaticframeworkssuchastheCPandPCPapproachandcallongovernmentstoactivelyleadtheprogrammingandfundsmobilization;

13. WhiletakingnoteofthenewUNSDCFandtheenvisionedcoherentapproachbythe UNDS at the country level, we encourage UNIDO to continue with theprogrammaticapproach. Inthisregard,weappreciateUNIDO’seffortstoexpandthe

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PCP model to Cambodia, Rwanda and Zambia and further request that UNIDOexpands and/or mainstreams its PCP model, initiated and piloted in Senegal andEthiopia,tootherLDCsinallregions,upontheirrequest,takingintoaccountlessonslearntfromthemid-termevaluationandbestpractices;

14. WecongratulatethoseLDCs–Vanuatu,Angola,Bangladesh,Bhutan,SãoToméandPríncipeandSolomonIslands–whicharegearingupforgraduationinthecomingyears and emphasize the importance of tailor-made TC support services from theUnited Nations Development System, enabling them to continue developing theirproductivecapacities.Inthisregard,welookforwardtoandexpressourcommitmentto the important role tobeplayedbythe inter-agencytask forceongraduation, ledbytheUN-OHRLLS.

15. WerecognizethatakeystructuralchallengeinmostoftheLDCsistoraisetheshareofmanufacturingoutputingrossdomesticproduct(GDP).Wewouldthereforefurther strengthen our efforts to accelerate capital accumulation, knowledgedevelopment, technology acquisition, and diffusion, expansion of higher-value-addition and employment creation inmanufacturing sectors.Wewill also reinforceefforts to stimulate productive capacity-building in labour-intensive manufacturingindustries, with the objective of raising output and increasing the quality of thosegoodsthatarealreadyproducedandmaximizingdirectemploymentcreation.Inthisregard,werequestUNIDOtolookintothestrengthandeffectivenessofthenationalpoliciesandinstitutionalcapacitiesofLDCs,topromotestaplecropprocessingzones,SMEs with a special emphasis on production value chain, and to provide advisorysupport to finetune industrialpolicy frameworks for the futureas requestedbythecountries;

16. We underline the necessity for multilateral trade agreements to support thedesignofeffectiveproductionandexport initiativesofgoodsandservicesinLDCsinorder to accelerate and foster their graduation process, and we congratulate theestablishmentoftheAfricanContinentalFreeTradeArea(AfCFTA)undertheauspicesofAfricanUnion(AU)andthesupportitattractedfromtheinternationalcommunity;

17. We identify that LDCs are still further away from the target of 2 per cent ofglobalexportscalledforintheIstanbulProgrammeofActionandtarget17.11oftheSustainableDevelopmentGoals,therefore,withaviewtorealizingtheSDGtargetofdoublingtheleastdevelopedcountries’shareofglobalexports(by2020)wecommitto work with the international partners to ensure market access as well astransformingtheLDCs’comparativeadvantageintocompetitiveadvantage;

Partnership-development

18. We take notewith appreciation of the Secretary-General’s report on Progresstowards the Sustainable Development Goals 2019, and we are concerned of thelimitedprogressmadebyLDCs,whichnecessitatestoredoubleoureffortstoachievetheSDGs.Togatheradequatefinancial,technicalandinstitutionalresources,weneedto strengthen multi-stakeholder partnerships, focused in particular on buildingproductivecapacities,eradicationofpoverty,andpromotionof inclusivegrowthandimplementation of social protection systems, particularly for the poorest andmostvulnerable;

19. WereiteratethatthecollaborationbetweenmemberStates,UNIDO,theUnitedNations Secretariat, and in particular UN-OHRLLS, United Nations sister agencies,financing institutions and other development partners/donors, plays an importantrole in supporting LDCs on their path to graduation. In particular by intensifyingtechnical assistance and capacity-building activities, while identifying innovativefinanceand investmentschemes/mechanismsthatwill facilitate the implementationobjectives and actions towards graduation of LDCs and actively driven by the hostgovernments;

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20. WetakenoteoftheprogressthathasbeenmadeintheimplementationoftheThird Industrial Development Decade for Africa (IDDA III) under the leadership ofUNIDO as required by Resolution A/RES/70/293 of the United Nations GeneralAssemblypassedonthesubjectmatterin2016.Appreciate,inparticular,thevariousinitiatives undertaken by the Secretariat including the development of a JointRoadmap for the implementation of IDDA III to ensure higher development impact;the launching of the IDDA III Champions Initiative comprising Heads of State fromCôted’Ivoire,Kenya,Niger,Senegal,SouthAfrica,Zambia,EgyptandMaltaandwhichinitiativeservesasahighlevelplatformforthepromotionofAfrica’sindustrializationincluding LDCs therein; the institutionalization of IDDA III focal points in variousUnited Nations agencies, intergovernmental and regional African institutionsincluding African Union Commission and Regional Economic Institutions, as well asdevelopment finance institutions and business sector for enhanced cooperation onIDDA III activities; the implementation of various concrete industrial developmentprogrammes including the Programmes for Country Partnerships in various Africancountries. Inthisregard,wecalluponUNIDOtofurtherenhanceitsworkwithintheIDDAIIIFrameworktosupportindustrializationinLeastDevelopedCountries;

South-SouthandTriangularCooperation

21. Wetakenotewithappreciationthatagrowingnumberofdevelopingcountriesprovide some form of development cooperation. As southern partnerships andsouthern solutions for southern problems are acknowledged as cost effective, theoutcome document of the second High-level United Nations Conference on South-SouthCooperationunderlinedtheimportanceofSouth-Southcooperation;

22. We acknowledge that South-South cooperation is an important element ofinternationalcooperationfordevelopmentasacomplement to,notasubstitute for,North-South cooperation, and is becoming more diversified while identifying newpartnershipsandformsofcooperation.However,westronglyacknowledgetheneedto deepen and upscale North-South, South-South, and triangular cooperation,throughamore innovative approach to collaboration thatwill positively impact theimplementationprocessoftheIPoAandthefutureprogrammeofactionforLDCs.Inthis regard, we request to identify successful models and best practices of south-south and triangular industrial cooperation – with emphasis to models ofinfrastructure development, transit transport cooperation, productive capacity-building,energy,scienceandtechnology,trade,and investment–andto integrate itforfuturereplicationinLDCs;

23. Wehighlightthe importanceofthesouth-southcooperation initiatives liketherecentlyfoundedLDCsUniversitiesConsortiumonClimateChange(LUCCC)isa long-termcapacity-buildingplatformcomprisedof10universities. LUCCCasanLDC-wideinitiativehasbeenendorsedbytheLDCMinisterialinAddisAbabainOctober2018;

Investment-promotionandfinancingforindustrialization

24. We emphasize the important role ofmulti-stakeholder partnership building intheareaof investment-promotion. In this regard,we takenotewithappreciationofthe Capacity Development Programme for the investment promotion agencies ofLDCs, developed by UN-OHRLLS jointly with UNCTAD, UNIDO, ILO, EIF and WAIPA;Moreover, we request contribution from all partners in order for InvestmentPromotion Agencies to attract, diversify and retain sustainable Foreign DirectInvestment (FDI) and derivemaximum benefit from it and, to foster private sectordevelopmentinLDCs,therebycontributingtotheirsustainablegraduation;

25. We take note of the Secretary General’s report – on the follow-up to andimplementation of the outcomes of the International Conferences on Financing forDevelopment–and the challenges andopportunities it identified.However,we areconcernedthatasnotedintheoutcomedocumentofthe2019forumonfinancingfordevelopment, parts of themultilateral system are under strain, and on the current

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trajectory, itwillnotbepossibletomeettheaspirationsof the2030Agenda.Basedon this cautionary assessment by the forum, we request renewed efforts andcommitmentfromthedevelopmentpartnerstofollowthedecisioncontained intheAddis Ababa Action Agenda and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development toadopt and implement investment-promotion schemes for LDCs and organizinginvestmentforums,notingthespecialneedsofpost-conflictcountries;

26. We commit to strengthen the underlying investment climate, with enhancedsupport provided by development partners and international financial institutions,including organizing donor conferences, improving predictability, governance, andtransparency, as well as in procurement practices and policies, without interferingwith national sovereignty and territorial integrity. We noted that providers areincreasingly focusing on the ability of official development finance to mobilizeadditional commercial financing, often referred to as “blended finance”. However,experienceshowsthatsofaritlargelybypassedtheleastdevelopedcountries,owingto barriers in the enabling environment, such as macroeconomic, governance andother risks, and at the project level, such as small project size and difficulties inproject preparation.We commit ourselves to address these challenges to gain fromthis avenue of financing and requesting the assistance of United Nations systemagencieswhichcontributedtotheCapacityDevelopmentProgramme;

Energy,infrastructure,innovationandadaptationofnewtechnologies

27. Weexpress theneedwith concern that universal access tomodern energyby2030remainsadauntingchallengefortheLDCs.Sustainableenergy,encompassingitsthreedimensionsof access, efficiency, and renewable energy, is a keydevelopmentenabler for many SDGs. In this, we call upon the partners and request greatercontributionintheformoftechnology,investmentandresourcesupport;

28. We stress the importance of building resilient infrastructure, includingrenewable energy and information and communications technology for productivepurposes, along with fostering innovation through the transfer of knowledge andtechnology, which are critical to effectively engage in the new industrial revolution(Industry4.0),allowingLDCstoprosperandprogressontheirpathtograduation;

29. We recognize the importance of digital technologies and the opportunity itcouldprovide in the realmof tradeandcommittingourselves toexplore thisoptionthroughthepromotionofe-commerce/e-servicesinLDCs.Wereiteratethecallmadeby the Ministerial Declaration dated 25 September 2019 on developed countryMemberstoprovidepreferentialmarketaccesstoallbusinesstoconsumergoodsandservices originating from all LDCs that are exported using an e-commerce-platformdirectly from LDCs suppliers. In this regard, we look forward to intensified andconcerted action of the G20 countries to enhance the ability of least developedcountries tomore fully engage in digital trade, as committed in theG20 Summit inGermanyin2017;

30. We welcome the analytical work that UN-OHRLLS and other United Nationsentities have undertakenwith respect to enhancing access to sustainable energy inLDCs and call for stronger partnerships and new financingmodels to push forwardsustainableenergy-transitioninawaythatenablesLDCstodevelopanddeploynewandcost-effectiveenergysourcesandtechnologies;

31. WeappreciatetheprogressmadesofarintheworkoftheTechnologyBankforLDCsandappreciatethecriticalcontributionsbyUN-OHRLLSandtheGovernmentofTurkey towards its operationalization in 2017. We further call upon otherdevelopment partners to make substantial contributions to enlarge its operationalactivities and particularly we are using this opportunity to highlight the need forUNIDO to associate with the Technology Bank to contribute in the areas ofsustainable industrial development and to develop policies and strategies ontechnology and innovation in LDCs.We also use this opportunity to commend theempiricalstudyundertakenbytheOHRLLSandthe InternationalTelecommunication

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Union on the economic impact of broadband in LDCs, LLDCs and SIDS and commitourselvestoimprovebroadbandconnectivitytoadvancethe4thindustrialrevolution(Industry4.0),inLDCs;

32. We take note of the need to strive towards circular economic production inorder to design products for durability and recyclabilitywith the view tomitigatingindustrialization’s environmental impacts, and to engage in new transformationmethods;

33. We underline the necessity for multilateral trade agreements to support thedesignofeffectiveproductionandexport initiativesofgoodsandservicesinLDCsinordertoaccelerateandfostertheirgraduationprocess;

Youth,women,andentrepreneurship

34. Weacknowledgethenecessitytofostertheinclusionofvulnerablesegmentsofour populations, especially youth and women, who represent untapped potentialwhich needs to be actively involved in the inclusive and sustainable industrialdevelopmentofourcountries,withtheobjectivetocontributetotheaccelerationofourgraduationfromtheLDCcategory;

35. We take note of the changes happening in the realm of technology,environment, and infrastructure. While advances in technology, such as artificialintelligence, big data analytics and digital interconnectedness, are accelerating andfacilitatingprogress, therapidpaceofchangecanexacerbatetechnologyanddigitalskillsgapsacrosscountriesandconstrain thediffusionof technologyacross regions,especiallyintheLDCs;

36. Weareawareofthepossibilitythatincreasingautomationofroutineandsomenon-routinecognitivetaskshasthepotentialtomakemillionsofworkersredundant.Takingintoaccountofthesechanges,weacknowledgetheimportantroleoftrainingthe youth, women and persons with disabilities to adapt and gain from theopportunities created by the change and requesting greater cooperation from thedevelopment partners. In this regard, we encourage and pledge to support thestriving youth, and female entrepreneurs in LDCs to assume their role as agents ofdevelopment,change,andmodernity,thusacceleratingsustainabledevelopment;

Foodsecurity,ResiliencebuildingandPostconflictrecovery

37. We are deeply concerned that globally, more than 113 million people across53 countries experienced acute hunger requiring urgent food, nutrition andlivelihoodsassistance in2018which isprimarily fueledbyconflict, record-high foodpricesandabnormalweatherpatternsincludingprolongeddroughtconditions.Outof53 countries facing Crisis food insecurity or worse, 29 are LDCs with a combinedpopulationofaround80million.This isdisheartening–tonotethat inourpreviousdeclaration made in 2017, the figure was 71 million and now it is increased to80 million people who are subjected to this harsh reality. We call upon ourdevelopmentpartners,toenhancetheirfinancialandin-kindsupporttoaddressthisemergency;

38. Wenotethatfoodinsecurityisaresultoflowagriculturalproductivity.Wethuscalluponthe internationalcommunity,especiallyourdevelopmentpartnersandtheprivate sector, to elevate theirpartnership efforts andbuildmore synergies to helpincreaseagriculturalproductivityandruralincomesinordertoeliminateemergenciesonceandforall;

39. Taking note of ensuring food security as a major responsibility towards ourpopulations, we commit ourselves to strengthen our institutional capacities andrequestingUnited Nations development System agencies to accelerate and enlargethe provision of knowledge, technology and skills enabling the LDCs not only toincreaseagriculturalproductivitybutalso to improvestorage,processandtransportofagriculturalproduce;Inthisregard,weencourageUnitedNationsSystemAgencies

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toworktogethertocreatesynergies,andusingthisopportunitytohighlightsomeofthe best practices benefitting the LDCs such as the Joint FAO-IAEA programme forfood and agriculture, the FAO, IFAD, WFP and UNIDO cooperation to promotesustainable, inclusive business opportunities through agri-business and agro-valuechaindevelopment;

40. Westress the importanceofworking togetherwith all stakeholders to furtherdevelopandimplementconcretemeasuresatthenationalandinternationallevelsinordertobuildtheresilienceofLDCstowithstandeconomicshocksandmitigatetheiradverse effects to endure and overcome the harsh effects of climate change, toenhance sustainable growth and protect biodiversity, and to withstand naturalhazardsinordertoreducetherisksofdisasters,asagreeduponintheIPoA;

41. WetakenotewithappreciationofUNIDO’ssupport toSmall IslandDevelopingStates (SIDS) to respond to the challenges of climate change and their needs foreconomic development as demonstrated by the continuous operation of the PacificCentreforRenewableEnergyandEnergyEfficiency(PCREEE)TongawiththesupportofUNIDO,SIDSDOCKandtheGovernmentofAustria.Wealsotakethisopportunityto request UNIDO and its partners to expand such programmes and to cover otherthematicareas.

42. We stress that the particular challenges faced by some LDCs in post-conflictsituations,includinghuman,economic,andsocialimplications,needtoberecognizedinordertopromoteandenhancetheirstabilitywithaviewtoachievingsustainabledevelopment,specificallySDG16;Inthisregard,weurgethedireneedofsupportingthehostcountriesandcommunities inprovidingthedisplacedpopulationwithskillsdevelopment and sustainable livelihood activities as more and more people aredisplacedduetotheprotractedconflictsandrecurringnaturaldisasters;

IstanbulProgrammeofAction(IPoA),thenewprogramfor2020-2030andthewayforward

43. WelookforwardtothefinalreviewoftheIPoAandcommittingourselvestousethis opportunity for the identification of national-level best practices in theaccelerationofISID,SDG9andtherelatedgoals;

44. WecommendUNIDO’seffortstoundertakeareviewofitsOperationalStrategyonLDCstocapturelessonslearnedandbestpracticesfromamongtheOrganization’sportfolio in LDCs while implementing monitoring systems to better track progresstowards impact in the future; this is amajor contribution to the evaluation of theIPoAandimpetustowardsthenextprogrammeofaction;

45. Weaffirmfull involvement inthepreparationofthenewprogrammeofactionforLDCsand integrate the lessons learned fromthe implementationof IPoA. In thisregard,werequesttheUnitedNationsSpecializedAgenciestoidentifyBestPracticesgroupedintovariousthematicareassuchasEnergy,Environment,Foodsecurityandsafety, Agriculture and Agro-industries, Exports and investment promotion,infrastructure and innovation, youth, women and entrepreneurship, conflictmitigationand resiliencebuilding, partnershipbuilding andpolicy advisory services.We take the opportunity to provide necessary support at the national level ingatheringrelevantdataandinformationasamajorstepinshapingtheprogrammeofactionforthenextdecadefortheLDCs;

46. Wereiteratetheimportanceofindustrialdevelopmentasanengineforgrowth,takesthisopportunitytorequestUNIDOto includeand integratethe identifiedbestpracticesand innovativeapproaches in its reviewof itsLDCstrategy,and toprovidenecessary inputs on the role of industrialization in the graduation of LDCs incooperationwithOHRLLSduringthepreparationofthenewprogrammeofactionandtheeventualinclusionofitsprogrammeforLDCs;

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47. We call upon theUnited Nations System Agencies, and particularly UNIDO toidentify innovativeapproaches includingwhicharealreadybeingappliedthroughitsinterventionsinitsMemberStatestobeputforwardfortheconsiderationofthenewprogramme of action for the LDCs and to benefit the LDCs in their quest ofsustainableindustrialization;

48. We request all our development partners and international developmentcommunitytopayattentiontothecautionaryremarkonthefinancingaspectsofthemultilateral system as noted in the outcome document of the 2019 forum onfinancing for development; we strongly call upon all countries and all partners toensure adequate financing for the development and implementation of country-specific and regional operational strategies, projects, and programmes for theeradicationofabsolutepoverty,climatechangemitigationandadaptationinLDCs;

49. Finally, as we review the success, and bottlenecks endured during theimplementationoftheIPoA,andpreparingthewayforthenewprogrammeofactionfor LDCs, we commit ourselves to gain from the lessons learned and replicate bestpracticesfromtheIPoA,andalsofromthefirstfiveyearsforSDGsimplementationinLDCs and other countries. We request the international community including theUnitedNationssystem to come together for the successfulorganizationof theFifthUnitedNationsConferenceonLDCtobeheldinDoha,Qatarin2021andpreparationofastrongandaction-orientedoutcomedocumentandplanofaction.

[AdoptedinAbuDhabi,UnitedArabEmirates,on2November2019]

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