Colony to CountryUnit 2: Relationships with Government and Leadership

Key Terms

• Reciprocity• Mercantilism• Annexation• Responsible Government

Key Terms

Key Terms: Reciprocity• An economic partnership where both parties benefit• Permission for goods to travel freely across borders

• Relationship:• Reciprocity (free trade) desired with US to make up for

losses with new British trading laws• American manufacturers opposed, were persuaded by NL

fish, NS coal, NB timber, Cdn flour.

Key Terms: Mercantilism• Role of Colony: provide wealth (resources, serve as a

market)• Role of Mother Country: process goods, administrate,

provide initial and ongoing capital investments.

• Relationship• Created power/trade imbalance• Example: Corn Laws and the repealing of them (pg 73)

Key Terms: Annexation• To be joined to or added to another state (country)• Related to manifest destiny• Strongest movement was after the end of mercantilism.• Most Canadians were opposed to annexation.

• Relationship:• Falls into British dealings with Canada (Quebec Act, Act of

Union)• Canada/US Relationship

Key Terms: Responsible Government

1. Powers of Governor General are limited2. Executive council comes from the elected assembly3. Executive council is accountable to the elected

assembly

• Relationship:• British: the battle between Canadas and Britain• US: influenced the desire for responsible government• Canadas: achieved at different times, for different peoples.

Responsible Government: Maritimes

No large recent

immigration

No bitter French/English divide

• Twice led non confidence votes against Governors

• Appointed to Executive Council

• Forced withdrawal of 3 governors

• 1847 Election- Reformer Victory

• 1848- NS• 1849- NB• 1851- PEI• 1855- NL

Joseph Howe

Responsible Government: CanadasBaron Syndenham • First governor of United Canadas

• Two tasks1. Bring economic prosperity.

• Success!2. Prevent introduction of responsible government.

• Forced to end practice of lifetime appointments to Executive Council.

• Divided Clergy Reserves amongst all Churches.

• Clergy Reserve Revenues used to fund schools.

• District Council Act 1841.

LASupport

Election 1844•Tories win a majority.•Metcalfe (GG) appoints Tories to Executive Council

Election 1848•Refomers win large majority.•Metcalfe has resigned, GG is now Elgin (Durham’s son in law), Secretary is now Grey (Durham’s brother in law).•Elgin calls upon Baldwin and LaFontaine to form Executive Council. They select from their Assembly.

Responsible Government: Canadas

Test #1•1849 Rebellion Losses Bill•Elgin did not favour passage; signs it.

Test #2•1859 tariffs (20%) on imported goods to raise money for public works.•British merchants upset, British government threatens to dissallow, but eventually backs down.

If it’s not one thing…

…it’s another.Double Majority leading to Deadlock…• …Both English AND

French• …Both Canada West

AND Canada East

Chaos in the Parties…

… and, another.

Overarching problem: Lack of stable government (double majority, chaos).

Clear GritsCanada WestGeorge Brown

Conservative PartyCanada West(John A Macdonald, Alan McNab)

BleusCanada EastGeroge-Etienne Cartier

ModerateExpansion of industry and commerce

LiberalsCanada WestFrancis Hinks

ReformersParti RougeCanada EastAntoine-Aime Dorion

… and, another.

Overarching problem: Lack of stable government (double majority, chaos).

Coping Mechanisms: Coalition Governments

… and, another.

Overarching problem: Lack of stable government.

Solution? The Great Coalition.

Clear GritsCanada WestGeorge Brown

Conservative PartyCanada West(John A Macdonald, Alan McNab)

BleusCanada EastGeroge-Etienne Cartier

ModerateExpansion of industry and commerce

LiberalsCanada WestFrancis Hinks

ReformersParti RougeCanada EastAntoine-Aime Dorion

Galt

See pg 84

… and, another.