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Collision of Cultures – Chapter 1
England and Its Colonies – Chapter 2
Americas Before 1500s• Prehistory – before written
records
• Nomadic people traveled across Bering Land Bridge about 30,000 years ago.
• Americas became diverse and well-populated
• Farming = more settled life and time to cultivate other interests
Pre-Columbian Indian Civilizations
• Mayas
• Incas
• Aztecs
North American Native Civilizations• Hopewell – Ohio
Valley (800 B.C. - 600 A.D.)
• Anasazis – Southwest– Lacked class
structure– Warfare only self-
defense
Why were the Native tribes vulnerable to conquest?
• Large and fatal gaps in knowledge and technology
• Disunity
Early European Contact
• Vikings–Leif Erickson
and Erik the Red • Greenland
• Newfoundland
Europe Before 1500sMiddle Ages – Medieval Period – Dark
Ages 5th-14th Centuries– Fall of the Roman Empire– Unstable– Feudalism– Crusades -military expeditions to recover
Palestine from Muslims exposed Europe to silks and spices, ancient Greek and Roman texts, technical innovations (movable type)
– Black Death – 1/3 of Europeans died
Europe Before 1500s
Late Middle Ages – Growing commerce stimulated growth of new
towns and markets
Renaissance – “rebirth” 14th-17th Centuries– Time of inquiry– Reformation – Martin Luther posted Ninety-Five
Theses 1517
Portuguese Exploration
• Established themselves as the leaders in seafaring technology
• Prince Henry the Navigator – established an academy for exploration
• Bartolomeu Dias rounded the tip of Africa
• Vasco de Gama – reached India
Portuguese Exploration • Bartolomeu Dias
rounded the tip of Africa
• Vasco de Gama – reached India
Columbus• Italian
• Won support from King and Queen of Spain
• 87 men – 3 ships (Santa Maria, Pinta, Nina)
• Oct. 12, 1492 – reached San Salvador (Bahamas)
• Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic
• Returned home with natives as gifts to monarchs
• p. 18-19 – Later voyages
• Irony – New World named after Amerigo Vespucci
http://spider.georgetowncollege.edu/htallant/courses/his111/columb.htm
• Treaty of Tordesillas – divided areas between Portugal and Spain for exploration and settlement orchestrated by Catholic Pope.
Spanish Exploration and Conquest
Nunez de Balboa – cross Panama on foot and saw Pacific OceanHernando Cortes – conquered Aztecs with 600 menPonce de Leon – Florida
Encomienda – Spanish landowners controlled villages – Indians paid tributeRead p. 29 – Summarize last two paragraphs.
English Exploration
French Exploration