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Chapter 3.3 Middle and southern colonies. The Middle Colonies. New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans and Africans Religious Freedom Hudson and Delaware rivers supported shipping and commerce Rich soil and mild winters - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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CHAPTER 3.3 MIDDLE AND SOUTHERN COLONIES
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The Middle Colonies
• New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
• Swedes, Dutch, English, Germans and Africans
• Religious Freedom• Hudson and
Delaware rivers supported shipping and commerce
• Rich soil and mild winters
• Favorable for farming and raising livestock
New Netherland Becomes New York• In 1624, the Dutch West India
Company founded the colony of New Netherland• To attract people, they set up
the patroon system: a person who brought 50 settlers to New Netherland in return for 50 acres and special privileges• Peter Stuyvesant-governor,
wanted to expand New Netherland• Duke of York-sent by King
Charles II to drive the Dutch out• The Dutch surrender in 1664
and New Netherland becomes proprietary colony of New York with the Duke of York a the proprietor
• Duke of York gives part of his claim to George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley in 1664
• Becomes known as New Jersey
• Promise freedom of religion, large land grants and a representative assembly
NEW JERSEY
• Given to and named after William Penn by Charles II in 1681• Penn was a Quaker• Used this land where
Quakers could live how they wanted• Welcomed different religions
and ethnicities – religious freedom• Wanted the Native
Americans to be treated fairly
• In 1704, Penn granted the lower 3 counties their own assembly• They eventually break away
to form Delaware
Pennsylvania Delaware
Southern Colonies
• Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia
• Soil and climate suitable for warm-weather crops (tobacco, rice, and indigo)
Maryland• Established by Lord
Baltimore in 1632 for Roman Catholics, but religious freedom was promised• Economy based on tobacco,
which required laborers who came as servants or slaves• Very few women
The Carolinas• Founded in 1663• Charles Town was the first town
built (place of refuge for French Huguenots)• Cut timber, raised cattle, traded
with Native Americans• Also grew rice and indigo – they
used enslaved Africans and Native Americans• Colonist overthrew proprietors or
owners when they refused to help during a Spanish attack• In 1729, Carolina became a royal
colony (ruled by a governor appointed by the King)• Split into North and South Carolina
Georgia• Founded by James
Oglethorpe in 1732• Refuge for debtors, military
outpost against Spanish Florida and French Louisiana• Settled by English, German,
Swiss and Scottish• All religions welcomed• Made a royal colony in 1752