COLLEGE BASKETBALLCOLLEGE BASKETBALL

OVERVIEW COLLEGE OVERVIEW COLLEGE BASKETBALLBASKETBALL

LOCAL SPORT TIMES, 1890-1920LOCAL SPORT TIMES, 1890-1920 INDOOR ARENA ERA, 1920sINDOOR ARENA ERA, 1920s RELIEF GAMESRELIEF GAMES NIT AND MADISON SQUARE GARDENNIT AND MADISON SQUARE GARDEN THE GARDEN COLLAPSE, 1950-60THE GARDEN COLLAPSE, 1950-60 BASKETBALL IN THE 60sBASKETBALL IN THE 60s NCAA AND TELEVISIONNCAA AND TELEVISION ““SCANDAL SCHOOLS” TIMES 1980-2000SCANDAL SCHOOLS” TIMES 1980-2000

LOCAL GYM SPORT ERA, 1890-LOCAL GYM SPORT ERA, 1890-19201920

BASKETBALL HAS ITS ORIGINS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASES BASKETBALL HAS ITS ORIGINS IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASES AND AS A SCHOOL GYM EXERCISEAND AS A SCHOOL GYM EXERCISE

AS BASKETBALL COURTS WERE INCLUDED IN PLAYGROUNDS AS BASKETBALL COURTS WERE INCLUDED IN PLAYGROUNDS AND PUBLIC PARKS BASKETBALL BECAME AN URBAN AND PUBLIC PARKS BASKETBALL BECAME AN URBAN RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY OUTSIDE SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, RECREATIONAL ACTIVITY OUTSIDE SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES, ACCESSIBLE TO LARGER GROUPS. ACCESSIBLE TO LARGER GROUPS.

FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE OF YMCA AND COLLEGES, CHURCHES FOLLOWING THE EXAMPLE OF YMCA AND COLLEGES, CHURCHES AND FACTORIES ALSO BUILT GYMS WITH BASKETBALL COURTS IN AND FACTORIES ALSO BUILT GYMS WITH BASKETBALL COURTS IN THIS TIME PERIOD.THIS TIME PERIOD.

IN THE EARLY 20IN THE EARLY 20THTH CENTURY BASKETBALL PROSPERED IN CENTURY BASKETBALL PROSPERED IN COLLEGE, INDUSTRIAL AND CITY AND REGIONAL LEAGUESCOLLEGE, INDUSTRIAL AND CITY AND REGIONAL LEAGUES

URBAN LEAGUES SOON BECAME A POPULAR FORM OF URBAN LEAGUES SOON BECAME A POPULAR FORM OF COMPETITION AND ENTERTAINMENTCOMPETITION AND ENTERTAINMENT

IMMIGRANT GROUPS IN URBAN AREAS WERE THE MOST IMMIGRANT GROUPS IN URBAN AREAS WERE THE MOST DOMINANT ATHLETES IN THE SPORTDOMINANT ATHLETES IN THE SPORT

BASKETBALL AND INDOOR BASKETBALL AND INDOOR ARENAS, 1920sARENAS, 1920s

IN THE 1920s BASKETBALL EXPERIENCED A SIGNIFICANT IN THE 1920s BASKETBALL EXPERIENCED A SIGNIFICANT TRANSITION AND BECAME A SOURCE OF ENTERTAINMENT FOR TRANSITION AND BECAME A SOURCE OF ENTERTAINMENT FOR URBAN AREAS IN THE U.S.URBAN AREAS IN THE U.S.

BOXING PROMOTERS, ARENA OWNERS DECIDED TO MAKE THE BOXING PROMOTERS, ARENA OWNERS DECIDED TO MAKE THE SPORT A SIDE SHOW FOR TIMES WHEN THE INDOOR FACILITY SPORT A SIDE SHOW FOR TIMES WHEN THE INDOOR FACILITY WAS NOT OCCUPIED WITH BOXING OR WRESTLING MATCHES.WAS NOT OCCUPIED WITH BOXING OR WRESTLING MATCHES.

BOXING PROMOTERS AND ARENA ENTREPRENEURS PLAYED A BOXING PROMOTERS AND ARENA ENTREPRENEURS PLAYED A MAJOR ROLE IN TRANSFORMING BASKETBALL INTO A MAJOR ROLE IN TRANSFORMING BASKETBALL INTO A PROSPEROUS BUSINESS. THEY ORGANIZED EXHIBITION PROSPEROUS BUSINESS. THEY ORGANIZED EXHIBITION GAMES, MINI TOURNAMENTS, WITH DIFFERENT BASKETBALL GAMES, MINI TOURNAMENTS, WITH DIFFERENT BASKETBALL TEAMS.TEAMS.

BASKETBALL FOLLOWED A BOXING-STYLE, WRESTLING-STYLE BASKETBALL FOLLOWED A BOXING-STYLE, WRESTLING-STYLE FORMAT, IN WHICH LOCAL, REGIONAL, ETHNIC RIVALRIES FORMAT, IN WHICH LOCAL, REGIONAL, ETHNIC RIVALRIES WERE DISPLAYED IN THE COURTWERE DISPLAYED IN THE COURT

RELIEF GAMESRELIEF GAMES DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION IN THE 1930s BASKETBALL DURING THE GREAT DEPRESSION IN THE 1930s BASKETBALL

BECAME AN EXTREMELY POPULAR FORM OF ENTERTAINMENT BECAME AN EXTREMELY POPULAR FORM OF ENTERTAINMENT IN NEW YORK CITY.IN NEW YORK CITY.

1931 JIMMY WALKER, NYC MAYOR COMMISSIONED A GROUP OF 1931 JIMMY WALKER, NYC MAYOR COMMISSIONED A GROUP OF SPORTS WRITERS TO ORGANIZE TRIPLE-HEADERS AT THE SPORTS WRITERS TO ORGANIZE TRIPLE-HEADERS AT THE MADISON SQUARE GARDEN, THE PURPOSE OF THESE MINI MADISON SQUARE GARDEN, THE PURPOSE OF THESE MINI TOURNAMENTS WAS TO SECURE FUNDS FOR PUBLIC TOURNAMENTS WAS TO SECURE FUNDS FOR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE. THEY WERE CALLED RELIEF GAMES.ASSISTANCE. THEY WERE CALLED RELIEF GAMES.

THE NY CITY RELIEF FUND GAMES, BETWEEN 1931-33 BECAME THE NY CITY RELIEF FUND GAMES, BETWEEN 1931-33 BECAME AN INSTANT SUCCESS FOR MEDIA AND GENERAL PUBLIC/AN INSTANT SUCCESS FOR MEDIA AND GENERAL PUBLIC/

E. “NED” IRISH, EMERGED AS BASKETBALL ENTREPRENEUR, E. “NED” IRISH, EMERGED AS BASKETBALL ENTREPRENEUR, FROM 1934 ON, AND FOLLOWED BOXING NETWROK AAND FROM 1934 ON, AND FOLLOWED BOXING NETWROK AAND “RECIPY” PROMOTIONS“RECIPY” PROMOTIONS

IN 1936 DURING A LONG ISLAND-STANFORD GAME, ANGELO IN 1936 DURING A LONG ISLAND-STANFORD GAME, ANGELO LUISETTI WAS CREDITED WITH THE FIRST ONE-HAND SHOT IN LUISETTI WAS CREDITED WITH THE FIRST ONE-HAND SHOT IN THE SPORT.THE SPORT.

1938-1950 NIT GOLDEN TIMES1938-1950 NIT GOLDEN TIMES

FOLLOWING ON THE SUCCESS OF THE RELIEF GAMES AND FOLLOWING ON THE SUCCESS OF THE RELIEF GAMES AND IRISH’S PROMOTION, BASKETBALL BECAME A REGULAR IRISH’S PROMOTION, BASKETBALL BECAME A REGULAR FEATURE FOR INDOOR ARENAS IN URBAN AREAS. FEATURE FOR INDOOR ARENAS IN URBAN AREAS.

THE MADISON SQUARE GARDEN PROMOTIONS THE MADISON SQUARE GARDEN PROMOTIONS DEMONSTRATED THAT BASKETBALL COULD BE AN DEMONSTRATED THAT BASKETBALL COULD BE AN ATTRACTIVE FORM OF ENTERTAINMENT FOR WIDE ATTRACTIVE FORM OF ENTERTAINMENT FOR WIDE AUDIENCES.AUDIENCES.

METRO BASKETBALL WRITERS’ ASSOCIATION IN NYC, METRO BASKETBALL WRITERS’ ASSOCIATION IN NYC, BECAME THE ORGANIZERS IN 1938 OF THE FIRST NATIONAL BECAME THE ORGANIZERS IN 1938 OF THE FIRST NATIONAL INVITATIONAL TOURNAMENT IN COLLEGE BASKETBALL.INVITATIONAL TOURNAMENT IN COLLEGE BASKETBALL.

NIT TO DETERMINE NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP.NIT TO DETERMINE NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP. 1939 NCAA FIRST POST-SEASON TOURNAMENT1939 NCAA FIRST POST-SEASON TOURNAMENT THE NIT EXPERIENCED TREMENDOUS FINANCIAL SUCCESSTHE NIT EXPERIENCED TREMENDOUS FINANCIAL SUCCESS 1950 DOUBLE/TRIPLE HEADERS AT MSG +600,000 IN 1950 DOUBLE/TRIPLE HEADERS AT MSG +600,000 IN

ATTENDANCEATTENDANCE

THE GARDEN COLLAPSETHE GARDEN COLLAPSE IN THE 1950s BASKETBALL EXPERIENCED A DRASTIC CRISIS IN THE 1950s BASKETBALL EXPERIENCED A DRASTIC CRISIS

SIMILAR TO THE BLACK SOX SCANDAL IN 1919-20. THE SIMILAR TO THE BLACK SOX SCANDAL IN 1919-20. THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN COLLEGE BASKETBALL, GAMBLING CONNECTIONS BETWEEN COLLEGE BASKETBALL, GAMBLING AND ORGANIZED CRIME BROUGHT THE SPORT TO AN IMMINENT AND ORGANIZED CRIME BROUGHT THE SPORT TO AN IMMINENT COLLAPSE. COLLAPSE.

1951 NYC D.A. FRANK HOGAN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION INTO 1951 NYC D.A. FRANK HOGAN CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION INTO MSG BASKETBALL TOURNAMENTS CONCLUDED:MSG BASKETBALL TOURNAMENTS CONCLUDED:

32 PLAYERS FROM 7 COLLEGE TEAMS PARTICIPATED IN FIXING 32 PLAYERS FROM 7 COLLEGE TEAMS PARTICIPATED IN FIXING POINT SPREADSPOINT SPREADS

GAMBLERS HAVE ADAPTED TO BASKETBALL SCORES AND POINT GAMBLERS HAVE ADAPTED TO BASKETBALL SCORES AND POINT SPREAD WAS NOW A REGULAR FEATURE IN SPORTS GAMBLING.SPREAD WAS NOW A REGULAR FEATURE IN SPORTS GAMBLING.

““SHAVING POINTS” HAD BECOME A PRACTICE BY WINNING SHAVING POINTS” HAD BECOME A PRACTICE BY WINNING TEAMS, AND/OR KEY PLAYERS INVOLVED WITH ORGANIZED TEAMS, AND/OR KEY PLAYERS INVOLVED WITH ORGANIZED CRIME AND PROFESSIONAL GAMBLERS.CRIME AND PROFESSIONAL GAMBLERS.

ROAD TO THE GARDEN ROAD TO THE GARDEN PRACTICESPRACTICES

IN ADDITION TO GAMBLING ACTIVITIES, INVESTIGATIONS IN ADDITION TO GAMBLING ACTIVITIES, INVESTIGATIONS UNCOVERED SIGNIFICANT VIOLATIONS IN THE AMATEUR UNCOVERED SIGNIFICANT VIOLATIONS IN THE AMATEUR STATUS OF ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN COLLEGE STATUS OF ATHLETES PARTICIPATING IN COLLEGE BASKETBALL TOURNAMENTS:BASKETBALL TOURNAMENTS:

ILLEGAL RECRUITMENT OF ATHLETESILLEGAL RECRUITMENT OF ATHLETES MORE THAN 500 PLAYERS WITH “WORKING POSITIONS” IN AND MORE THAN 500 PLAYERS WITH “WORKING POSITIONS” IN AND

OUTSIDE THEIR COLLEGES.OUTSIDE THEIR COLLEGES. FOR JOURNALISTS AND COLLEGE AUTHORITIES IT BECAM FOR JOURNALISTS AND COLLEGE AUTHORITIES IT BECAM

CLEAR THAT COLLEGE BASKETBALL SHOULD NOT BE CLEAR THAT COLLEGE BASKETBALL SHOULD NOT BE FEATURED BY BIG CITY’S ARENAS’. THE CRISIS WAS SEEN AS FEATURED BY BIG CITY’S ARENAS’. THE CRISIS WAS SEEN AS THE MADISON SQUARE GARDEN’S AND OTHER ARENAS’ THE MADISON SQUARE GARDEN’S AND OTHER ARENAS’ FAULT.FAULT.

BASKETBALL PROGRAMS AT NEW YORK METROPOLITAN BASKETBALL PROGRAMS AT NEW YORK METROPOLITAN COLLEGES TERMINATEDCOLLEGES TERMINATED

COLLEGE SPORTS IN BOXING ARENAS BANNEDCOLLEGE SPORTS IN BOXING ARENAS BANNED IRISH DOUBLE-HEADERS FINISHEDIRISH DOUBLE-HEADERS FINISHED

BASKETBALL IN THE 60sBASKETBALL IN THE 60s AFTER THE MAAFTER THE MADISON SQUARE GARDEN COLLAPSE, COLLEGE BASKETBALL DISON SQUARE GARDEN COLLAPSE, COLLEGE BASKETBALL

MIGRATED OUT OF URBAN ARENASMIGRATED OUT OF URBAN ARENAS STATE UNIVERSITIES, WITH THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND POLITICAL CLOUD TO STATE UNIVERSITIES, WITH THE INFRASTRUCTURE AND POLITICAL CLOUD TO

BUILD LARGE INDOOR ARENAS, BECAME PERFECT HOSTS TO COLLEGE BUILD LARGE INDOOR ARENAS, BECAME PERFECT HOSTS TO COLLEGE BASKETBALL SUCCESSFUL FRANCHISES.BASKETBALL SUCCESSFUL FRANCHISES.

STATE UNIVERSITIES, (KANSAS, KENTUCKY, UCLA, ETCETERA) BECAME NEW STATE UNIVERSITIES, (KANSAS, KENTUCKY, UCLA, ETCETERA) BECAME NEW MAGNETS FOR COLLEGE BASKETBALL.MAGNETS FOR COLLEGE BASKETBALL.

SIGNIFICANT ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION CHANGES TOOK PLACE IN THE SIGNIFICANT ETHNIC DISTRIBUTION CHANGES TOOK PLACE IN THE COMPOSITION OF TEAMS IN NCAA TOURNAMENTS.COMPOSITION OF TEAMS IN NCAA TOURNAMENTS.

IRISH-JEWISH-ITALIAN WERE REPLACED BY AFRICAN AMERICAN PLAYERS, AS IRISH-JEWISH-ITALIAN WERE REPLACED BY AFRICAN AMERICAN PLAYERS, AS THE AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATION’S PRESENCE WAS MORE SIGNIFICANT IN THE AFRICAN AMERICAN POPULATION’S PRESENCE WAS MORE SIGNIFICANT IN URBAN AREAS.URBAN AREAS.

AFRICAN AMERICAN ATHLETES BROUGHT NEW STYLES INTO THE SPORT, AFRICAN AMERICAN ATHLETES BROUGHT NEW STYLES INTO THE SPORT, WHICH BECAME MORE INDIVIDUALIST, MORE PHYSICAL, AND MORE WHICH BECAME MORE INDIVIDUALIST, MORE PHYSICAL, AND MORE COMPETITIVE. INDIVIDUALISM, BALL-HANDLING, SPEED, STRENGTH BECAME COMPETITIVE. INDIVIDUALISM, BALL-HANDLING, SPEED, STRENGTH BECAME KEY FEATURES IN THE SPORT.KEY FEATURES IN THE SPORT.

UCLA WAS THE ATHLETIC PROGRAM THAT BETTER ADAPTED TO THE NEW UCLA WAS THE ATHLETIC PROGRAM THAT BETTER ADAPTED TO THE NEW SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATING A LONG-LASTING DINASTY. MOREOVER, SOCIAL CIRCUMSTANCES, CREATING A LONG-LASTING DINASTY. MOREOVER, THE HEIGHT OF PLAYERS INCREASED IN DRAMATIC RATES (CALLED THE THE HEIGHT OF PLAYERS INCREASED IN DRAMATIC RATES (CALLED THE HEIGHT REVOLUTION)HEIGHT REVOLUTION)

NCAA AND TELEVISIONNCAA AND TELEVISION

1970s COLLEGE BASKETBALL MAJOR 1970s COLLEGE BASKETBALL MAJOR TV ENTERTAINMENTTV ENTERTAINMENT

NCAA TOURNAMENT EXPANDED TO 64NCAA TOURNAMENT EXPANDED TO 64 1990s FINAL FOUR PASSED BASEBALL 1990s FINAL FOUR PASSED BASEBALL

WORLD SERIES IN RATINGSWORLD SERIES IN RATINGS 1994 CBS BIGGEST TV CONTRACT IN 1994 CBS BIGGEST TV CONTRACT IN

HISTORY FOR “MARCH MADNESS” 1.750 HISTORY FOR “MARCH MADNESS” 1.750 BILLIONS TO NCAABILLIONS TO NCAA

TV AND COLLEGE TV AND COLLEGE BASKETBALLBASKETBALL

““HOUSE RULES” TRADITION, TV BROADCAST HOUSE RULES” TRADITION, TV BROADCAST NEGOTIATED WITH EACH COLLEGE.NEGOTIATED WITH EACH COLLEGE.

1953 NCAA GAINED CONTROL OF FOOTBALL 1953 NCAA GAINED CONTROL OF FOOTBALL BROADCASTING RIGHTSBROADCASTING RIGHTS

1956 STUDENT/ATHLETE SCHOLARSHIPS FORMAT1956 STUDENT/ATHLETE SCHOLARSHIPS FORMAT 1966 “GAME OF THE WEEK”: NOTRE DAME-1966 “GAME OF THE WEEK”: NOTRE DAME-

MICHIGAN STATE, BIG SHOW PRODUCTION, “GAME MICHIGAN STATE, BIG SHOW PRODUCTION, “GAME OF THE CENTURY”.OF THE CENTURY”.

COLLEGE SPORTS PROFITABLE TV ENTERPRISECOLLEGE SPORTS PROFITABLE TV ENTERPRISE 1968 NCAA SIGNED FIRST “SINGLE PACKAGE” 1968 NCAA SIGNED FIRST “SINGLE PACKAGE”

CONTRACT WITH NBC FOR BASKETBALL CONTRACT WITH NBC FOR BASKETBALL TOURNAMENT ($2 MILLION DEAL)TOURNAMENT ($2 MILLION DEAL)

TV AND COLLEGE TV AND COLLEGE BASKETBALLBASKETBALL

1970s COLLEGE BASKETBALL MAJOR TV ENTERTAINMENT1970s COLLEGE BASKETBALL MAJOR TV ENTERTAINMENT CANHAM, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN A.D. COPY RIGHT “M” CANHAM, UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN A.D. COPY RIGHT “M”

MERCHANDISE WOLVERINE PRODUCTS, FOLLOWING MERCHANDISE WOLVERINE PRODUCTS, FOLLOWING ROZELLE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR THE NFLROZELLE MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR THE NFL

1982 NOTRE DAME, OKLAHOMA, GEORGIA FILED SUIT vs. 1982 NOTRE DAME, OKLAHOMA, GEORGIA FILED SUIT vs. NCAA TV BROADCASTING RIGHTS, 1984 U.S. SUPREME NCAA TV BROADCASTING RIGHTS, 1984 U.S. SUPREME COURT RULED AGAINST NCAA, ALLOWING UNIVERSITIES TO COURT RULED AGAINST NCAA, ALLOWING UNIVERSITIES TO NEGOTIATE SEPARATELY.NEGOTIATE SEPARATELY.

1985 NCAA TOURNAMENT EXPANDED TO 64; 1985 NCAA TOURNAMENT EXPANDED TO 64; 80% TOTAL NCAA INCOME FROM BB TV CONTRACTS IN 1980s80% TOTAL NCAA INCOME FROM BB TV CONTRACTS IN 1980s SATELITE CABLE BROADCASTING, HIGH QUALITY/ SATELITE CABLE BROADCASTING, HIGH QUALITY/

INEXPENSIVE/ MULTIREGIONAL COVERAGE.INEXPENSIVE/ MULTIREGIONAL COVERAGE. 1990s FINAL FOUR PASSED BASEBALL WORLD SERIES IN 1990s FINAL FOUR PASSED BASEBALL WORLD SERIES IN

RATINGSRATINGS 1994 CBS BIGGEST TV CONTRACT IN HISTORY FOR “MARCH 1994 CBS BIGGEST TV CONTRACT IN HISTORY FOR “MARCH

MADNESS” 1,750 MILLIONS TO NCAAMADNESS” 1,750 MILLIONS TO NCAA

COLLEGE SPORTS - CABLECOLLEGE SPORTS - CABLE

ESPN, CREATED IN 1979ESPN, CREATED IN 1979CHET SIMMONS, ABC WIDE WORLD CHET SIMMONS, ABC WIDE WORLD

OF SPORTS 1960s, PRESIDENT NBC OF SPORTS 1960s, PRESIDENT NBC SPORTS IN 1970s.SPORTS IN 1970s.

BILL RASMUSSEN, P.R./ANNOUNCER BILL RASMUSSEN, P.R./ANNOUNCER NEW ENGLAND WHALERS HOCKEY, NEW ENGLAND WHALERS HOCKEY, FIRST ESPN PRESIDENTFIRST ESPN PRESIDENT

GETTY OIL COMPANY, MAIN GETTY OIL COMPANY, MAIN INVESTOR, 85%INVESTOR, 85%

ESPN & NCAAESPN & NCAA

COLLEGE BASKETBALL, FOOTBALL.COLLEGE BASKETBALL, FOOTBALL.CELEBRITY BROADCASTERS (VITALE, CELEBRITY BROADCASTERS (VITALE,

BERMAN, PATRICK, OLBERMAN)BERMAN, PATRICK, OLBERMAN)SPORTS CENTER, ONE OF THE MOST SPORTS CENTER, ONE OF THE MOST

POPULAR NIGHTLY NEWS SHOWS, POPULAR NIGHTLY NEWS SHOWS, PRODUCED AS A SITCOM WRITERS PRODUCED AS A SITCOM WRITERS TEAM, HUMOR, ANALYSIS, TEAM, HUMOR, ANALYSIS, INFORMATION. INFORMATION.

ESPN SUCCESSESPN SUCCESS SPORTS, +RELEVANCE AS SOURCE OF INCOME SPORTS, +RELEVANCE AS SOURCE OF INCOME

FOR TV CABLE/NETWORKSFOR TV CABLE/NETWORKS TRASH SPORTS, MADE FOR TV CONTESTS, TRASH SPORTS, MADE FOR TV CONTESTS,

CELEBRITIES CHALLENGECELEBRITIES CHALLENGE 1990s DISNEY-ABC-ESPN1990s DISNEY-ABC-ESPN 1995 EXTREME-GAMES (X-GAMES) LAUNCHED BY 1995 EXTREME-GAMES (X-GAMES) LAUNCHED BY

ESPNESPN 1997 ABC-ESPN BOUGHT BY DISNEY1997 ABC-ESPN BOUGHT BY DISNEY 2004 ESTIMATE: $500 MILL. YEAR-PROFITS, 1.5 2004 ESTIMATE: $500 MILL. YEAR-PROFITS, 1.5

BILLION REVENUE, 15.5 BILL.MARKET VALUE.BILLION REVENUE, 15.5 BILL.MARKET VALUE.

““SCANDAL SCHOOLS” ERASCANDAL SCHOOLS” ERA IN THE LAST DECADES OF THE 20IN THE LAST DECADES OF THE 20THTH CENTURY SCHOLARS CENTURY SCHOLARS

HAVE IDENTIFIED A TRIPLE CRISIS IN COLLEGE SPORTS:HAVE IDENTIFIED A TRIPLE CRISIS IN COLLEGE SPORTS: INTEGRITY OF ATHLETIC PROGRAMS: MORE AND MORE INTEGRITY OF ATHLETIC PROGRAMS: MORE AND MORE

ATHLETIC PROGRAMS HAVE RECEIVED SANCTIONS FOR ATHLETIC PROGRAMS HAVE RECEIVED SANCTIONS FOR VIOLATIONS OF NCAA POLICIES REGARDING RECRUITING VIOLATIONS OF NCAA POLICIES REGARDING RECRUITING AND SUBSIDIES TO STUDENT-ATHLETES. A NUMBER OF AND SUBSIDIES TO STUDENT-ATHLETES. A NUMBER OF PRESTIGIOUS SCHOOLS HAVE BEEN FORCED TO VACATE PRESTIGIOUS SCHOOLS HAVE BEEN FORCED TO VACATE CHAMPIONSHIPS AND TITLES.CHAMPIONSHIPS AND TITLES.

ATHLETES’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE HAVE BEEN THE ATHLETES’ ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE HAVE BEEN THE SUBJECT OF INCREASING SCRUTINY BY NCAA OFFICIALSSUBJECT OF INCREASING SCRUTINY BY NCAA OFFICIALS

RISING COSTS OF COLLEGE SPORTS IS MAKING COLLEGE RISING COSTS OF COLLEGE SPORTS IS MAKING COLLEGE SPORTS MORE AND MORE DEPENDENT ON TV REVENUE, TV SPORTS MORE AND MORE DEPENDENT ON TV REVENUE, TV CONTRACTS AND TV RULESCONTRACTS AND TV RULES

NCAA 2005 FOOTBALL SEASON / HIGHEST EXPENSES NCAA 2005 FOOTBALL SEASON / HIGHEST EXPENSES BY TEAM (IN MILLIONS)BY TEAM (IN MILLIONS)

OHIO STATE TEXAS FLORIDA MICHIGAN

REVENUE 60.8 60.9 49.2 50.4

EXPENSES 32.3 18.4 15.8 12.8

PROFITS 29.5 42.5 32.4 37.6

NCAA 2005-6 SEASON/ HIGHEST EXPENSES NCAA 2005-6 SEASON/ HIGHEST EXPENSES BY UNIVERSITY (IN MILLIONS)BY UNIVERSITY (IN MILLIONS)

OHIO OHIO STATESTATE

TEXASTEXAS U. FLA.U. FLA. U. MICH.U. MICH.

TEAMSTEAMS 3636 2020 2020 2525

REVEN.REVEN. 104.7104.7 97.897.8 82.482.4 85.585.5

EXPEN.EXPEN. 101.8101.8 83.683.6 78.278.2 67.967.9

PROFITPROFIT 2.92.9 14.214.2 4.24.2 17.617.6

NCAA REFORMS, 1984-2000NCAA REFORMS, 1984-2000

90% COLLEGE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS 90% COLLEGE ATHLETIC PROGRAMS WITH MORE EXPENSES THAN INCOMEWITH MORE EXPENSES THAN INCOME

COACHES HIGHEST PAID UNIVERSITY COACHES HIGHEST PAID UNIVERSITY OFFICIALSOFFICIALS

1984 NCAA REFORMATION: DEATH 1984 NCAA REFORMATION: DEATH PENALTY FOR ATHLETIC PROGRAMS, PENALTY FOR ATHLETIC PROGRAMS, INCREASE TIX PRICE, EXPAND INCREASE TIX PRICE, EXPAND COLLEGE STADIUMS, FOLLOW NBA COLLEGE STADIUMS, FOLLOW NBA AND NFL PRO-MODELAND NFL PRO-MODEL

COLLEGE REVENUE SPORTS COLLEGE REVENUE SPORTS DEBATEDEBATE

AS ATHLETIC DEPARTMENTS ARE ACCELERATING THE AS ATHLETIC DEPARTMENTS ARE ACCELERATING THE PROCESS OF PROFESSIONALIZATION IN COLLEGE SPORTS, PROCESS OF PROFESSIONALIZATION IN COLLEGE SPORTS, IN TERMS OF INFRASTRUCTURE, MANAGEMENT, FACILITIES IN TERMS OF INFRASTRUCTURE, MANAGEMENT, FACILITIES AND SERVICES TO THE SPECTATORS/CONSUMERS, A AND SERVICES TO THE SPECTATORS/CONSUMERS, A DEBATE ON THE STATUS OF REVENUE SPORTS IN GAINING DEBATE ON THE STATUS OF REVENUE SPORTS IN GAINING MOMENTUM:MOMENTUM:

ACCORDING TO ONE OF THE PERSPECTIVES NCAA ACCORDING TO ONE OF THE PERSPECTIVES NCAA BASKETBALL AND FOOTBALL ATHLETES SHOULD BE BASKETBALL AND FOOTBALL ATHLETES SHOULD BE REMUNERATED AT MARKET-VALUE RATES TO COMPLETE REMUNERATED AT MARKET-VALUE RATES TO COMPLETE THE FULL PROFESSIONALIZATION OF COLLEGE SPORTS. THE FULL PROFESSIONALIZATION OF COLLEGE SPORTS. WHAT DO YOU THINK?WHAT DO YOU THINK?

OTHERS SEEM TO THINK THAT “REVENUE-SPORTS” IN OTHERS SEEM TO THINK THAT “REVENUE-SPORTS” IN COLLEGE SHOULD BE MANAGED INDEPENDENTLY FROM COLLEGE SHOULD BE MANAGED INDEPENDENTLY FROM ATHLETIC PROGRAMS, WITHOUT SUBSIDIES FROM THEIR ATHLETIC PROGRAMS, WITHOUT SUBSIDIES FROM THEIR UNIVERSITIES. WHAT DO YOU THINK?UNIVERSITIES. WHAT DO YOU THINK?

FINALLY A MORE TRADITIONALIST PERSPECTIVE MAINTAINS FINALLY A MORE TRADITIONALIST PERSPECTIVE MAINTAINS THAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONTINUE WITH THE STATUS QUOTHAT IT IS POSSIBLE TO CONTINUE WITH THE STATUS QUO