Coastal Zone Management for Delaware

8/14/2019 Coastal Zone Management for Delaware

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tal Zone

HT393.D3C6341971

MAY 1s 1974V COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT FOR DELAWARE

FEBRUARY 18, 1971

GOVERNOR'S TASK FORCE ON MARINE AND COASTAL AFFAIRS.

The preparation of this documentwas financed in partthrough an urban plann:ng grant from the Housingand Home Finance Agency, under Iheprovisions ofSection 701 of the HousingAct of 1954 as amended.


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COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT FOR DELAWARE

February 18, 1971

u. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NOAACOAST AL SERVICES CENTER2234 SOUTH HOBSON AVENUECHARLESTON I SC 29405-2413

GOVERNOR'S TASK FORCE ON MARINE AND COASTAL AFFAIRS


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GOVERNOR'S TASK FORCE ONMARINE AND COASTAL AFFAIRS

18 February 1971

The Honorable Russell W. PetersonGovernor of DelawareDover , DelawareDear Governor Peterson:

I have the honor to submit to you the Pre liminary Report on th e Coasta lZone of Delaware prepared by your Task Force on Marine and Coastal Affairs .This report contains key recommendations concerning the future use of Delaware'sCoastal Zone.The Task Force is now in t he proce ss of preparing a Final Report on theCoastal Zone of Delaware which will be comple ted in four to six months. Thisreport will contain detailed information on the present status, trends and

problems relating to the resources of the Coastal Zone and wil l include recom-mendations additional to those in the Pre liminary Report.

The Task Force wishes to express i ts s ince re app re ci at ion to you foryour interest and encouragement to us throughout the past year of our work.We also wish to thank the members of your staff and the Executive Departmentsof the State, the faculty of the University of Delaware and the many cit izensand organizations who have contributed background information on which ourrecommendations are based.

Sincerely,

James H. Wakelin, J r .Chairman


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Special Assistant toGovernor Peterson andChairman, Task ForceJames H. Wake lin, Jr.

Robert W. CairnsThomas B. Evans, Jr.*Nisson A. FinkelsteinWilliam S. Gaither

Edmund H. HarveyAu stin N. He I Ier

Charles H. Mason II I

Executive Secretary,Task ForceAmor L. Lane

MEMBERS OF THE TASK FORCE

Chairman, The Oceanic Foundation,Hawaii and Washington, D. C.Vice-President, Hercules, Inc.Wilmington, DelawareThomas B. Evans and AssociatesWilmington, DelawarePresident, ILC IndustriesDover, De Iawa reDean of the College of Marine Studies,University of DelawareNewark, DelawarePresident, Delaware Wild Lands, Inc.Wi Imfngton, DelawareSecretary, Department of Natural Resourcesand Environmental ControlDover, De IawareLewes Beach, Delaware

The Oceanic Foundation, Hawaii andWashington, D.C.

* Resigned from Task Force January 18, 1971

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In addition to the Task Force, the following members of Stateagencies and the University of Delaware contributed significantly tothe preparation of this Preliminary Report:

Department of Natural Resourcesand Environmental Control:Department of Community Affairs andEconomic Development:State Planning Office:

;-""Un ivers i ty of De Iaware:

Norman Wi Ider

Richard MurchisonDavid Keifer, David HuggJoel M. Goodman, Donald Outlaw,Dennis F. Polis, and Gerald F.Vaughn

Many others have contributed in a major way in the preparation ofwritten material which wi II appear in the Final Report.

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FORWARD

This document is a Preliminary Report of Governor Russel l W. Peterson'sTask Force on Marine and Coastal Affairs and provides certain key recom-mendations concerning the future of Delaware's Coastal Zone. A moreextensive and complete report wil I be Issued In the next four to six monthswhich wi II contain information on the present status, trends, and problemareas of the Delaware Coastal Zone together with additional recommendationsnot covered In this report. The more detal led report wi II address themajor resources of Delaware including water management, fisheries andwi Idlife; additional aspects of recreation including parks , boating, andsportflshing; and a more extens ive t reatment of environmental qualityincluding, but not limited to waste disposal, pesticides, protection ofthe beaches and shoreline; and the problems created by mosquitoes and otherbiting flies. In essence , the Final Report wi II be the f i rs t compi latlonof available information and data on Delaware's Coastal Zone.

In preparing this document, the Task Force has made use of most of theavai lable information that wil I appear in the Final Report, even thoughthat has not yet been finalized, assembled, arranged, and edited in asufficiently well-organized form to issue at this time. In view of theurgency of certain decisions facing the State concerning the use of itsCoastal Zone, the Task Force has decided to issue a Preliminary Report.

The recommendations of the Task Force are based necessari lyoninformat ion found In currently available reports and through interviews,hearings, and conferences. However, many factors bearing on the use and

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quality of Delaware's land and water resources in Delaware's CoastalZone wil I not be well known for a number of years. Principal featuresand trends, however, are quite c l e a r.

Whi Ie t h i s document, as well as th e subsequent Final Report,addresses i t s e l f to assignments given the Task Force by Governor Peterson,i t is a report, in a larger sense, to the members of th e Legislature,and to th e c i t i z e ns of Delaware. The Task Force is wei I aware of theimpact t h a t some of i ts recommendations wi I I have on th e State and thewell being of its citizens. In th e c onf l i c t s and competition for the useof the Coastal Zone, the issues made plain to th e Task Force here InDelaware are e sse nt i a l l y th e same as those now faced by the twenty-nineother Coastal Zones states of o ur c ou nt ry .

The State of Delaware is an integral part of a highly developed andst i l l developing industrial complex. In t h i s context, Delaware hasr e sponsi bi l i t i e s to f ul f l II as part of the Delaware Val ley region. However,Delaware also has responsibi l i t l e s concerning Its contributions to thequality of th e environment and fo r th e c on di ti on s o f living for i t s owncitizens. Recognizing t he p re ss ur es for th e many diverse and often conflictinguses of Delaware's Coastal Zone, the Task Force has recommended a course ofaction t h a t wi II enhance th e quality of lif e and conserve and Improve thenatural resources of th is area. This may well be the last time t h a t suchan opportunity is avai lable to the c i t i z e n s , t o th e Legislature, and tothe Executive branch of government of Delaware.

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I

Table of Contents

IntroductionA. Goals for a Coastal Zone PlanB. Definition of the Coastal ZoneC. Importance of the Coastal Zone

I - I

I - I

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II . Environmental QualityA. GeneralB. Accidental 01 I Spi l is: A Contingency Plan

I I I . Industry and Commerce

2-12-12-33-1

A. Deep Water Port 3-1B. Introduction of New Industry into Delaware'sCoastal Zone 3-4

IV. RecreationA. GeneralB. Resorts - Tourism

4-14-14-2

V. Coastal Zone Regulation and AcquisitionA. Coastal Zone LegislationB. Acquisition

5-15-15-3

VI. Research and EducationA. State Supported Research ProgramB. Marine Science CenterC. Baseline Study

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6-16-16-3

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VII. Coastal Zone Management Structure 7-1A. Need for a Coastal Zone Management Structure 7-1B. Responsibilities of NREC 7-2C. State Management of Transportat ion In theDelaware River and Bay 7-3D. Coastal Zone Interagency CoordInatl ng Mechanism 7-4E. Coastal Zone Adv Isory Counc i I 7-4

Map Showing Boundaries of the Coastal Zone

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I. INTRODUCTION

A. Goals for a Coastal Zone PlanEarly in 1970, Governor Russell W. Peterson appointed a Task Force on

Marine and Coastal Affairs "to develop a master plan for our coastaland bay areas". Since its f i rs t meeting on Apri I 28, 1970, the Task Forcehas been analyzing the diverse facets of Delaware's problems in the CoastalZone. It was early recognized that many of the factors es sentia l to asensible master plan were either unavai lable or were incompletely understood.Accordingly, the approach the Task Force took was to define as its majorobjective the preparation of policy guidelines and certain key recommendationsfor the management and conduct of marine and coastal affairs for the Stateof Delaware. Such guidelines must include the wise use of the water andland resources of the State's Coastal Zone for the economic and socialbenefits of its citizens. This plan should guide such future act ions by theState as may be required to achieve a balance among the following desirablegoals:

1. Preserve and improve the quality of life and the quality of themarine and coastal environment for recreation, conservation ofnatural resources , wi Idlife areas, aesthetics, and the health andsocial wei I being of the people.

2. Promote the orderly growth of commerce, industry and employment inthe Coastal Zone of Delaware compatible with goal #1.

3. Increase the opportunities and faci l i t ies in Delaware for education,training, science and research in marine and coastal affairs.

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B. Definition of the Coastal ZoneTHE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT, FOR GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIVE PURPOSES,

THE COASTAL ZONE IN DELAWARE BE DEFINED TO INCLUDE A P R I ~ 1 A R Y AND SECONDARYCOASTAL ZONE. IT FURTHER RECOMMENDS THAT THE PR I ~ 1 A R Y COASTAL ZONE INCLUDETHAT AREA WHICH EXTENDS SEAWARD TO THE BOUNDARY OF THE STATE'S JURISDICTIONjSOUTH OF REEDY POINT ON THE C AND D CANAL THE LANDWARD EXTENT SHOULDINCLUDE THE AREA BELOW AN ELEVATION OF 10 FEET ABOVE MEAN SEA LEVEL OR ONEMI LE FROM THE MEAN SEA LEVEL MARK ON THE DELAv,'ARE RI VER AND BAY OR OCEANSHORE WHICHEVER IS THE GREATEST DISTANCE I ~ J L A N D j NORTH OF REEDY POINT THELANDWARD EXTENT SHOULD INCLUDE THE AREA BELOW AN ELEVATION OF 10 FEET ABOVEMEAN SEA LEVEL. THE ENTIRE C AND D CANAL WITHIN DELAWARE AND THE ADJACENTSHORE FOR A DISTANCE OF ONE MILE ON EACH SIDE SHOULD ALSO BE INCLUDED WITHINTHE PRIMARY COASTAL ZONE. THE SECONDARY COASTAL ZONE SHALL BE DEFINED TOEXTEND FROM THE BOUNDARY OF THE PRIMARY COASTAL ZONE LANDWARD SO AS TOINCLUDE ALL OF THAT AREA WITHIN THE ATLANTIC COAST - DELAWARE BAY COASTALORA INAGE S Y S T E ~ ~ .

Throughout the balance of this Report, unless specific reference ismade to the contrary, the term Coastal Zone wi II refer to the "Primary"Coastal Zone. Land use activities within this Primary Zone are describedand evaluated by the Task Force in much greater detai I because most of themajor decisions influencing land and water use occur in this portion ofthe Coastal Zone. The ten feet above mean sea level contour, genera lly thelandward extent of this zone, is also an important index to major tidalfloods which are projected to this elevation at a frequency of one year ina hundred.

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Important environmental changes, however, also occur in the PrimaryZone due to events which originate in areas further to the i nt e ri or.Accordingly, the Task Force re..:ommends t ha t a "Secondary" Coastal Zone beincluded in the definition of the t ot a l Coastal Zone. This Secondary Zoneextends landward to the watershed division line for al I drainage to theDelaware, Rehoboth, Indian River and L i t t l e Assawoman Bays. For the purposesof t hi s report, th e Secondary Coastal Zone is s uffi c i e nt to permit evaluationsof the e ffe c t s of all a gri c ul t ura l , industrial and domestic discharges fromt hi s zone into th e bays and ocean.

I t is recommended t ha t when these definitions ar e incorporated into alegal description, the land boundary of th e Primary Coastal Zone be surveyedon the ground as a series of s t ra i ght lines connecting permanent monumentswhich approximate th e landward boundary described above.

I t is recognized t ha t the Mean Sea Level mark on the shore changes fromyear to year, and t ha t for the purposes of a legal description reference bemade to the date of survey and the 1929 Sea Level Datum. I t is recommendedthat boundaries be resurveyed a t approximately 50 year intervals.

The Coastal Zone of a state is generally defined to include the bays,estuaries and waters within the t e r r i t o r i a l sea or th e seaward boundary,whichever is the further offshore and e xt en di ng i nl an d to th e "landwardextent of maritime influences".

The specific definition of a Coastal Zone has been l e f t to each of thes t a t e s to determine. On th e landward side there are many accepted ways todefine the zone. Some s t a t e s include al I of t ha t land area which provides

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natural drainage to the land-sea interface to be the landward extent of theirCoastal Zone. Other states have more precisely l imited the landward areato that determined by the highest high t ide of record in a 100-year periodor by some specified distance landward from the line of the h ighes t normalspring t ide.

In considering the definition of the Coastal Zone, the Task Forcerecommended that the extent of the Primary Zone approximate this once in acentury highest high tide of record, and that the extent of the SecondaryZone encompass such additional landward areas which lie within the AtlanticCoast - Delaware Bay coastal drainage system.

A map has been enclosed in this report showing the approximate locationof the Coastal Zone in Delaware. It should be noted that the landward boundaryof the Primary Coastal Zone approximates certain highways in the State whichare also shown on the map. As indicated, the Coastal Zone embraces thelands along the Atlantic Coast, Delaware River and Bay, the Little Bays,portions along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, the wetlands, and subaqueouslands.C. Importance of the Coastal Zone

The Coastal Zone of Delaware is an invaluable and in many respectsirreplaceable resource to the State, Region and Nation. Because of theState's size and locat ion, there is a continuous interaction of land and seainfluencing nearly al I of the State. Delaware has a total saltwatershoreline of approximately 160 miles in length and a total land area of1,983 square mi les. No part of the State is more than about 8mi les fromtidewater.

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When considered together with th e general absence of other sig n if ican ttopographic features and th e lack of traditional mineral resources, DelawareRiver and Bay and other coastal bays represent not just a factor in th e S tate' sgeography, bu t a determining factor in it s history, economy and way of l i f e .

The Delaware River and Bay is th e water gateway to a g re at i nd us tr ia land commercial complex of th e Delaware Valley. The coastal bays of Delawarear e part of a system of shallow water estuaries which are th e nursery andrearing grounds fo r most fin fishes important to both commercial and sportfishermen along th e East Coast of th e United States. In fact, about twothirds of th e fish landed by U.S. fishermen spend part of their lives inan estuary. The tid al wetlands in Delaware, encompassing about 120,000acres, are an important link in these grounds and provide breeding areasfor birds, mammals and s he l l fi s h, produce food fo r all of these and arepart of th e aesthetic quality of th e shore region.

The Atlantic Ocean, Delaware Bay and th e o th er c oa st al bays and theirsurroundings ar e prime attractions for persons seeking water based recreationadjacent to th e East Coast megalopolis.

Many early residences, industries and other places of historical andcultural significance ar e closely associated with th e Coastal Zone becauseth e tidal streams and bays provided the principal transportation routes forearly s e t t l e r s . To this day, the prosperity of municipalities such asWilmington, New Castle, Delaware City, Odessa, Smyrna, Dover, Mi Iford,Milton, Lewes, Rehoboth Beach, Bethany and Fenwick Island is closely linkedto one or more coastal assets such as water transportation, water-basedrecreation and water based industry.

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Most of the Coastal Zone c o ~ t a l n s extensive open spaces consistingessentially of salt marshes and adjoining farms and woodlands borderingthe Delaware River and Bay and Rehoboth, Indian River and Assawoman Bays.The marshes not only provide habitats for fIsh and wi Idlife and provideaesthetically pleasing surroundings, as indicated above. They are alsoimportant because such areas provide resources for recreational activitieswhich relieve man's tensions, aid in reducing air pollution, and act asbuffers against flood damage.

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II. E N V I R O N ~ 1 E N T A L QUALITY

A. Genera ITHE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT THE STATE REQUIRE M ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACT STATEMENT WITH ASSOCIATED PUBLIC HEARINGS OF ALL MAJOR DEVELOPMENTPROJECTS WITHIN DELAWARE'S COASTAL ZONE WHICH ARE EITHER BEING PROPOSEDOR ARE ALREADY UNDERWAY BUT NOT YET COHPLETED. THESE STATEMENTS SHOULDBE FURN ISHED BY THOSE PROPOS ING OR PERFOm11 NG THE PROJ ECTS .On January 1, 1970, a very significant Federal law was enacted, the

National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (Public Law 91-190). Section101 (b) of the Act stated that i t is the "corrt Inul nq responsibi Iity ofthe Federal Government to use al I practicable means, consistent with otheressential considerations of national policy, to improve and coordinateFederal plans , funct ions , programs, and resources to the end that theNation may --

(1) fulfi II the responsibi l i t ies of each generation as trusteeof the environment for succeeding generations;

(2) assure for al I Americans safe, hea lthful , productive,aesthetically and culturally pleasing surroundings;

(3) attain the widest range of beneficial uses of the environmentwithout degradation, risk to health or sa fety, or otherundesirable and unintended consequences;

(4) preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspectsof our national heritage, and maintain, wherever possible,an environment which supports diversity, and variety ofindividual choice;

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(5) achieve a balance between population and resource use whichwi I I permit high standards of living and a wide sharing ofl ife's amenities; and

(6) enhance the quality of renewable resources and approach themaximum attainable recycling of depletable resources."

Section 102 of the Act cal Is for detal led statements by pertinentFederal officials concerning the environmental impact of any proposedactions which might significantly affect the environment.

On Apri I 30, 1970 Interim Guidelines were issued by the newly createdFederal Counci I on Environmental Quality. These guidelines were aimed atclarifying the points to be covered in the environmental statements. Thefi rst two of these points are reproduced below:

"(i) The probably impact of the proposed action on theenvironment, including impact on ecological systems suchas wi Idllfe, fish and marine life. Both primary andsecondary significant consequences for the environmentshould be included in the analysis. For example, theimplications, if any, of the action for populat iondistribution or concentration should be estimated and anassessment made of the effect of any possible change inpopulation patterns upon the resource base, including landuse, water, and public services, of the area in question.

(ii) Any probably adverse environmental effects which cannot beavoided (such as water or air pollution, damage to lifesystems, urban congestion, threats to health or other

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consequences adverse to the environmental goals set outinsect Ion 101 (b) of Pub I IcLaw 91 - 190)."

The Task Force believes that the con tents of the proposed Staterequired environmental impact statements should be simi lar to the InterimGuldel ines issued by the Federal Counci I on Environmental Quality. Itis anticipated that these State required environmental impact statementswi I I be of major value to Delaware in assessing the threa ts to the qualityof the environment, accompanying any new commercial or recreationaldevelopments, early enough to take appropriate action.

In addition, the Task Force recommends that Delaware insist on theimplementation at the National level of the procedures required by theNational Environmental Policy Act of 1969 with respect to a ll s ignific an tactivities in the Interstate waterways, such as the Delaware River and Bay,the C and D Canal, and the Atlantic Ocean adjacen t to Delaware.

The Task Force has considered several major issues In environmentalquality. These include oi I spi l is, industrial and municipal wastes, heavymetals in particular, thermal pollution, pesticides, and the problemsassociated with mosquitoes and other biting flies. Specific recommendationson these sUbjects wi I I be provided in the Final Report of the Task Force.B. Accidental Oi I Spi I Is: A Contingency Plan

THE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT THE STATE DEVELOP A cour INGENCY PLANFOR THE PREVENTION AND CLEANUP OF MAJOR SPILLS. THE PLAN SHOULD BECOORD INATED WITH THE COAST GUARD, THE FEDERAL ENV I R O N ~ ~ E N T A L PROTECT IONAGENCY, WITH NEW JERSEY AND PENNSYLVANIA THROUGH THE DELAWARE RIVER BASINCOMMISSION, AND WITH MARYLAND.

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This plan should examine al I aspects of oi I soi I Is including prevention,survei I lance, and cleanup where th e lat ter refers to source control, containment, protection of the environment during the spi I I , pollutantrecovery, restoration of the damaged resources, and disposal of the recoveredpollutants. The plan should also deal with the costs of cleanup, and aclarification of liabi l i ty.In developing the plan, the State should consider such guidelines as

the following:The State, in conjunction with the Coast Guard, should develop

monitoring and control procedures over existing lightering operations inth e lower bay, and the transport of oi I and other hazardous material inDelaware waters.

A l!strike forcel! should be established consis ting of personnel whoshal I be trained, prepared, equipped, and avai lable to carry ou t the plan.

A substantial emergency fund should be created by the State tofinance cleaning up oi I spi I Is. Procedures for the recovery of costs anddamage should be established. The party responsible for the sp i I I shouldbe liable fo r al I costs plus the damage caused to aquatic l ife and property.

A I ightering inspection fee should be imposed on transferredproducts to create an environmental protection fund. This fund should beused to finance protective procedures against 01 I spi lis and other toxicdischarges including bal lest and bi Ige discharges.

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I I I . INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE

A. Deep Water PortTHE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS AGAINST APPROVAL AT THE PRESENT ~ I M E OF

ANY DEEP WATER PORT FACILITY OR OFFSHORE ISLAND IN THE LOWER DELAWAREBAY BECAUSE:

ANY EXPECTED ECONOMIC BENEFITS TO DELAWARE OF THE PROPOSEDLOCATION IN THE BAY APPEAR TO BE MORE THAN OFFSET BY THECONSIDERABLE ADDITIONAL RISK TO THE ENVIRONMENT.SUCH A FACILITY WOULD ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OF INCOMPATIBLEHEAVY INDUSTRY AND ACCOMPANYING URBANIZATION ALONG THE SHORELINE.SUCH A FACILITY REQUIRES MAJOR OFFSHORE STRUCTURES, DREDGING,AND FILLING OF THE BAY WHICH CONSTITUTES A F O R ~ 1 OF HEAVY INDUSTRYIN ITSELF.SUCH A FACILITY WOULD CONTRIBUTE A MAJOR RISK OF ADDITIONALPOLLUTION IN THE BAY AND ALmlG THE SHORELINE WITH ACCOMPANYItJGDELETERIOUS EFFECT ON ESTUARINE LIFE.

MOREOVER, THE TASK FORCE BEllEVES THAT OTHER REASmJABLE ALTERNAT IVESHAVE NOT YET BEEN SUFFICIENTLY INVESTIGATED. THE TASK FORCE R E C m ~ M E N D STHAT BECAUSE OF THE IMPORTANCE OF SUCH A PORT TO THE E C O N O ~ ~ Y OF THE MIDATLANTiC REGION, THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF AN O F F S ~ I O R EFACILITY OtJ THE CONTINENTAL SHELF SHOULD BE EXPLORED ON A REGIONAL BASISWITH THE FEDERAL GOVERNMEtJT. THE CONCEPT OF A FAC ILITY FOR DEEP DRAFTVESSELS, PERHAPS 25-50 MILES OFFSHORE, HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TO THE TASK FORCE.SUCH A FACILITY FOR THE TRANSFER OF OIL AND BULK CARGOES WOULD ACCOMMODATEVESSELS ABOVE 250,000 TONS, WELL BEYOND THE PRESENT LIMITS OF CAPABILITYOF ANY DEEP WATER PORT WITHIN THE DELAWARE BAY.

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One of the major national issues in this country concerns the needfo r a deep water port to serve the East Coast of the United States.Federal agencies are now conducting studies concerning its economic andengineering feasibi Ii ty. Major industries, such as petroleum, coal, andiron are, have been examining the Lower Delaware Bay as a prime locationon the East Coast fo r providing a naturally deep and sheltered harbor. Thisis also considered a desirable location due to its proximity to rawmaterials and markets.

The Delaware River and Bay is the largest import region in the UnitedStates. It c o n t a i n s ~ north of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, the largestconcentration of oil refineries on the East Coast , and i t Is th e secondlargest port area (taken as a region) in tonnage of commerce.

The supply of crude oi I to the present seven refineries of the Delawareestuary has grown to almost 1,000,000 barrels a day. However, the continuationof growth essential to the economy wi I I result in increased reliance onlightering operations which wi I I be increasingly difficult to monitor andcontrol under present procedures, thereby raising pol lu tion r isks substantial ly.Those supporting a deep water facili ty for off loading to a pipeline statethat such a faci lity could conceivably reduce this risk and thereby enablea substantial growth in tonnage transported.

Advocates of a Lower Bay deep water port location also point out thati t is impossible, ecologically and economically, to dredge a sufficientlydeep channel (i .e. in the order of 80 feet) from the Lower Bay to Phi ladelphiato handle the anticipated large ships of the late 1970's and 1980's. They alsoemphasize that an offshore deep water faci lity for the off loading of oi I in

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the Lower Bay would reduce the traffic to the Phi ladelphia area. Inaddition, i t would minimize the need to conduct lightering operationsin the Bay. These advantages would, according to the advocates , Improvethe s it ua tion t ha t already exists, and could reduce chances for anaccidental spi I I of oi I or other hazardous substances.

Two publ ic meetings conducted by the Army Corps of Engineers in early1970, however, produced strong protests from the public who warned of thepotential for ecological disaster from accidental oi I sri I Is and of theinevitable development of incompatible heavy industry and its effect onthe way of l ife in the region. Whi Ie possible economic advantages of sucha terminal were acknowledged, opponents pointed out that one major spi I Ifrom a supertanker inside the Bay could be catas trophic to t idal marshesand coastal resorts in southern Delaware and New Jersey. Moreover, theadditional dredging required to construct a port of this magnitude and toprovide and maintain a channel with a depth of eighty feet or more extendingto the mouth of the Bay could result in incalculable environmental harm.

Opponents of the deep water port in Delaware Bay have suggested thatindustry consider locat ing an offshore terminal on the Continental Shelf,at a distance of 25-50 mi les from the mainland. If this concept were provenfeasible, several such terminals could be located along the East Coast, witha consequent reduc tion of t he concentra tion of shipping at one point and acorresponding risk of environmental damage to that portion of the coastlinenearest to the terminal. Single buoy mooring systems for off-loading oi I fromtankers to pipelines which t ransfer the oi I to the coastline have been

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instal led in over 50 locations around the world. Other concepts, such asfloating terminals, have been suggested and should be considered in anyfeasibi lity study of Continental shelf bulk transfer terminals.

B. Introduction of New Industry into Delaware's Coastal ZoneTHE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THE DJCOURAGD,1ENT OF NEW HJDUSTRI ES WH ICH

ARE COMPAT IBlE WITH HIGH ENV IRONMENTAL STANDARDS AND WH ICH WOULD Et1PLOY ARELATIVELY HIGH RATIO OF EMPLOYEES IN RELATION TO THE SPACE OCCUPIEDAND PUBLIC SERVICES REQUIRED.

THE TASK FORCE ALSO R E C m ~ M E N D S THAT THERE BE NO FURTHER ItJTRUS ION OFINCOMPATIBLE HEAVY INDUSTRY INTO THE COASTAL ZONE SINCE POLLUTION ANDOTHER ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS, NORMALLY ATTENDANT UPONSUCH DEVELOPMENTS, PRESENT SERIOUS THREATS TO THE COASTAL ENVIRONMENT,THE NATURAL RESOURCES OF THE BAYS, AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN DELAWARE.

The Task Force specifically includes as incompatible heavy industriessuch instal lations ~ steel mil Is, paper mi l is and oi I re fi n e ri e s , andany other industry t ha t t ra d it io n al ly introduces unacceptable qua nt i t i e sand types of pollutants into the a i r , land or water and, by i t s very si z eand nature, causes massive adverse environmental changes over a wide area.

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IV. RECREATION

A. GeneralOutdoor recreation is recognized as an already existing major desi oJ!e

activity in Delaware because of its favorable impact on the quality of l i f tand the economy of its cit i zens . It is a Iso recogn i zed that the success ofthis activity is strongly contingent upon the maintenance of a satisfactorylevel of environmental quality.

IN VIEW OF THE CLOSE R E L A T I O N S ~ I I P BETWEEN RECREATION AND THE ENVIRONMENTAND BECAUSE OF THE I ~ ~ P O R T A N C E OF RECREAT ION TO THE WELL-BE ING OF THE PEOPLEOF DELAWARE, THE TASK FORCE R E C m 1 ~ , 1 E N D S THAT THE STATE DO THE FOLLOW ING:

~ M K E A FULL A S S E S S ~ ~ E N T OF THE TOTAL OUTDOOR RECREAT IONAL ACT IVITIESIN THE STATE'S COASTAL ZONE, INCLUDING S W I M ~ 1 I N G , BOATING, SPORT FISHING,TOURISM, CAHPING, AND SIGHTSEEING.

INSURE THAT SUFFICIENT RECOGNITION IS ACCORDED TO THE NEED FOR,AND ACCESS TO, ADEQUATE RECREAT IONAL FAC III TIES.

INSURE THAT CAREFUL CONSIDERATION OF THE COASTAL ZONE ENVIRONMENTBE MADE AN INTEGRAL PART IN THE PLANNING FOR SUCH ACTIVITIES AS HOUSING,INDUSTRY, TRANSPORTAT ION, AND WATER M A N A G H ~ H J T INCLUD ING H ~ P O U N D lNG,DRAINING, DREDGING AND MOSQUITO CONTROL.

ENCOURAGE THE PARTICIPATION OF PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN EXPANDINGTHE STATE'S RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES.

Certain aspects of recreation, such as sportfishing, were evaluatedin 1956 and 1968. Amajor step in the appraisa l of Delaware's recreationpotential was the issuance of the October 1970 Comprehensive OutdoorRecreation Report . However, these studies require further extension in anumber of ways particularly in terms of economic analysis. An adequate

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measurement of the total recreation potential is essential fo r managingthe Coastal Zone to the optimum extent. Knowledge of the economic aspectsof outdoor recreation is essential in weighing priorities for land andwater uses in future planning and regulatory decisions. However, sincethe degree of satisfaction of recreation to the user is frequently beyondeconomic measure, decisions involving such factors as the physical andmental health and well-being of the user must also rely heavily on valuejudgments. Knowledge of the physical facility limitations on outdoorrecreation is also essential in determining the carrying capacity forrecreational use of the coastal zone.

B. Resorts - TourismTHE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT THE STATE HELP LOCAL C m ~ M U N I T t E S TO

DEVELOP ADDITIONAL RECREATIONAL AREAS AtJD TO PROVIDE ADEQUATE PUBLICFACILITIES FOR TOURIST SERVICES.

The carrying capacity of Delaware 's tourist attraction areas shouldbe determined by detailed studies and planning to consider such factors asamount of usable water front, parking faci l i t ies, sewage, water supply,transportation, and other public facili t ies and their relationship toquality recreation.

Tourism should be encouraged In areas of high carrying capacity. Thecarrying capacity wi I I vary with the state of development. Certain areasencompassing the Delaware Bay, Atlantic Coast, Small Bays, and several Staterecreational facili t ies currently have a level of usage which exceeds thecapacity of existing faci Iit ies. Temporari Iy, these loca tions should not be

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heavi ly promoted, but rather, the Sta te 's e ffor ts should be concentrated onexpansion of the services and faci l i t ies necessary to permit the optimumuse of these areas. Efforts should also be directed toward expanding thetourist season, especIally where carrying capacity is exceeded during theprime season.

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V. COASTAL ZONE REGULAT Iou NJD ACQU ISIT Iou

A. Coastal Zone LegislationTHE TAS K FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT, BE FORE THE ~ ~ O R A T O R I U ~ ON COAST,I\L

ZONE DEVELOPMENTS IS ALLOWED TO EXPIRE, LEGISLATION FOR ADEQUATE LANDAND WATER USE CmnROLS SHOULD BE ENACTED FOR THE ENT IRE DELAvlARE COASTALZONE.

Adequate land and water use controls should include zoning, a systemof permits, strengthened subaqueous land laws, cease and desist authority,and required environmental impact statements on al I major public andprivate construction projects.

The legislation should enunciate a strong c o ~ m i t m e n t of legislativeintent which reflects awareness of Coastal Zone problems and values,states a general policy of estuarine management, and a specific policyof wetlands preservation.

The planned Open Space concept for the Coastal Zone from Reedy Pointto Cape Henlopen and a portion of the lands surrounding Rehoboth, IndianRiver and Little Assawoman Bays was advanced in the Delaware ComprehensiveOutdoor Recreation Plan (October 1970). This concept proposed to conservethese areas for quality outdoor recreation in such a way as to make themhighly attractive to a variety of pursuits including swimming, boating,fishing, picnicking, hunting, and sightseeing; and to preserve the roleof the wetlands as a sui tabl e hab it at for wi Idlife and as a source ofnutrients and nursery grounds for oysters and other commercial fisheries.Since these act ivi t ies have not been compatible with most kinds of heavy

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industry or with over-commercialization of recreational pursuits, land-usecontrols wi II be necessary to encourage high q u al it y r ec re at io n andfisheries and to discourage the Industries and commerce that adverselyaffect the environment.Legislation wi II be necessary as Indicated by th e fol lowing:1. Land and Water Use Controls Throughout th e Primary Coastal Zone.

Establish th e right of th e State, In consultation with the FederalGovernment, neighboring states, and local governments, to plan for and todetermine overall development patterns, through State zoning, within th eseaward (subaqueous) portion of th e Primary Coastal Zone, such as theDelaware and Little Bays and Atlantic Ocean.

E st ab li sh t he right of the State, in consultation with th e countiesand municipalities, to set enforceable minimum s ta nd ard s f or land use controlswithin th e landward p ort ion o f the Primary Coastal Zone. Such action wouldnot do away with county and municipal planning and zoning within this area.Rather, t he s ta nda rds would be used as a framework fo r county and municipalplanning and zoning. The advantage of enacting this legislation is thati t would permit th e local governments to retain some flexibi Iity In determiningfuture uses in th eir areas, and i t would give the State th e power of reviewand approval in case of conflict between local practice and state land andwater use poIIcy.

These recommended land and water use responsibilities of th e state,in the Primary Coastal Zone, should be considered as the major key to th eImplementation of the S tate' s planned Open Space concept and should bestrengthened as quickly as possible by wetland protection legislation andS ta te a cq u is it io n of key areas.

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2. Wetlands portion of the Primary Coastal Zone. Provide for thepreservation of wetlands and establish controls over those types ofalterations which would cause environmental degradation.

B. AcguisitionTHE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT THE STATE FUNDING SCHEDULE PROJECTED

BY THE 1970 DELAWARE COMPREHENSIVE OUTDOOR RECREATION PLAN FOR THE ACQUISITIONOF PUBLIC LANDS IN THE COASTAL ZONE BE SUBSTANTtALLY ACCELERATED.

The State should stand ready to p ro tect the character, natural potentialand features of open spaces within the Coastal Zone. In order tosupplement the zoning or permit tools, sufficient funds should be madeavailable for acquisition in certain key areas to prevent environmentaldamage, to maintain the des ired development pattern, and to protect theoptions fo r Coastal Zone use fo r fu tu re generations.

The Task Force a Iso recommends the acquls i ti on of certa in key areaswhere i t has been found essential for efficient public management andfor adequate public access. The Delaware Comprehensive Outdoor RecreationPlan (page 143) has identified such areas for public acquisition.

The pressures for land development in the Delaware Coastal Zoneare evident . It must also be noted that the opportunity to preserveopen spaces is rapidly being lost by continued developments, by constantlyrising real estate prices, and by continued commitment to long rangeplanning and study by industrial and commercial interests and developers.The State should act quickly to acquire areas deemed essential.

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Work undertaken as part of the October 1970 Delaware ComprehensiveOutdoor Recreation Plan determined that public land purchases of about$10 mi Ilion wi I I be necessary during the two year period FY 1971 andFY 1972. The Recreation Plan also recommended that an additional $12mi I lion be spent in the FY 1973-76 period (See pages 201-206 of the Plan).

The Task Force believes, however, that considerable savings wi IIresult to the State by a larger initial appropriation for land purchasesto forestall further escalat ion of land prices which are inherent Inprotracted land acquisition programs.

It is Important to note that this recommended level of funding forland acquisition is based on the assumption that the State wi I I haveadequate land and water use controls as recommended in this Report.

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VI. RESE ARCH AND EDUCAT IONA. State Supported Research ProgramTHE TASK FORCE REcm,1MENDS A SUBSTANTIAL INCREASE IN FUNDING FOR A

COASTAL ZONE RESEARCH PROGRAM TO FURNISH THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICALINFORMATION ON WHICH THE STATE WILL MAKE ITS COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENTDECISIONS. THE STATE, IN CONSULTATION WITH THE COASTAL ZONE ADVISORYCOUNCIL (See Page 7-4) AND THE COLLEGE OF MARINE STUDIES, SHOULDDETERMINE THE PRIORITIES AND RECOMMEND THE FUNDING LEVEL OF COASTALZONE RESEARCH NEEDED FOR EFFECTIVE COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN DELAWARE.IT IS FURTHER RECOMMENDED THAT THE COLLEGE OF MARINE STUDIES OF THEUNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE BE ASSIGNED A MAJOR ROLE IN THE CONDUCT OF THISRESEARCH PROGRAM AND THAT IT CREATE A COASTAL ZONE TECHNICAL SERVICESDIVISION WITH BASE FUNDING FROM THE STATE TO MEET THESE NEEDS.

The Coastal Zone Research Program should include economic, social,and legal aspects, in addition to natural and physical sciences andengineering. The State should make maximum use of the existingcapabi l i t ies of Delaware industry and recognize the special competenceof academic institutions In the State. The State should work closelywith neighboring States on problems overlapping their jurisdiction,such as the proposed baseline study of the Delaware estuary. The State

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should also have an in-house research management capabi lity to faci litatethe solution of short term problems; to enhance the State's monitoring anda n ~ l y s i s functions concerning the condi tions of Delaware's marine resourcesfor more effective regulatIon, enforcement, and management; and for administrative fact-finding. i t is anticipated that the ski I led technicalservices needed to accomplish these purposes can frequently be accompaniedby contracting with industry and a c a d e ~ i c institutions, under the directionof the State's research management.

The State should recognize the recent efforts of the Univers ityof Delaware in expanding i ts capabi l i t ies in marine and coastal research. In recognition of this increasing capabi l i ty, the State, inthe conduct of its Coastal Zone Research Programs, should maintainclose professional association with the University's College of MarineStudies. Moreover, the University should be sufficiently equipped withthe necessary faci l i t ies and assured of adequate institutional fundingfor continuity and maintenance of both programs and faci l i t ies. Thefunding should be allocated for education as well as the researchappropriate to the University's function. It is further expected thatthe Col lege of Marine Studies wi II be called upon by the State forspecial projects, such as research elements of the Delaware BaselineStudy. The creation of a Coastal Zone Technical Services Divisionby the Col lege of Marine Studies wi I I facilitate services to the Stateover and above those already provlded by the University in its CoastalZone student training program.

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B. Marine Science CenterTHE TASK FORCE AGREES THAT A MARINE SCiENCE CENTER SHOULD BE

ESTABLISHED UNDER THE MANAGEMENT DIRECTION OF THE COLLEGE OF MARINESTUDIES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE. THE MARINE SCIENCE C ~ N T E RWOULD INCLUDE FACILITIES FOR THE COLLEGE OF MARINE STUDIES, A COASTALZONE RESEARCH LABORATORY, ADJACENT SPACE FOR RESEARCH ORIENTED MARINEINDUSTRIES, A PUBLIC INFORMATION CENTER, AND A SCIENTIFIC INFORMATIONCENTER FOR DELAWARE BAY AND THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION.

The State of Delaware has long been dependent on many facets ofthe marine environment fo r its well being. Historically, i t has hada significant role in shipbuilding, marine transportation, fisheriesand, more recently, an extensive marine oriented recreational industry.In addition, the value of marine research was recognized offIciallyby the State in the early 1950's when i t established the MarineLaboratory of the University of Delaware and stated that one of itsfunctions should be to furnish scientific and technical assistance tothe State Executive Branch. Since that time an increasing emphasishas been placed on marine science by the University of Delaware. Inthe summer of 1970, the Board of Trustees approved the es+ablishment ofa Col lege of Marine Studies. This unit has the potential to encouragethe growth of a marine research and educational organization which couldachieve a position of national and i n t e r n a t ; o ~ a l stature by the end of thepresent decade. Of particular value to the State of Delaware is the

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scientific strength ot the Col lege of Marine Studies anc its concernfor the problems of the State of Delaware and the mid-Atlantic region.Research at the University, sponsored through the Federal Sea GrantProgram, is bui Iding a strong scientific base for the study of estuarineand coastal processes appropriate for the function of a Coastal ZoneResearch Laboratory and its attendant advisory role to the State. Theestablishment of a Marine Science Center would do much to assure thegrowth of this capabi Iity.

Components of the proposed Marine Science Center are describedin greater detail in the Final Report to be submitted In four to sixmonths.C. Baseline Study

THE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT A COMPREHENSIVE BASELINE STUDY OFTHE PRINCIPAL WATER BODIES OF DELAWARE'S COASTAL ZONE BE PERFORMED WITHTHE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE HAVING THE MAJOR ROLE IN THE PLANNING OF THESTUDY AND THE SUBSEQUENT SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. MOREOVER, THE BASELINESTUDY SHOULD BE PERFORMED IN COOPERATION WITH NEW JERSEY, MARYLAND,THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN COMMISSION, AND THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.

IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE STUDY, A CONTINUOUS MONITORING SHOULD BEINITIATED AND MAINTAINED BY THE STATE OF SELECTED PHYSICAL PARAMETERSAND BIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA WHICH ARE PERTINENT TO THE STATE'S REGULATORYFUNCTIONS.

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This program should Include studies in biology, chemistry, ~ h y s l c a loceanography, climatology, hydrology and geology. The program shouldbe supported by appropriate studies In the surrounding tidal marshesand streams, the Atlantic Shelf Area, the Chesapeake and DelawareCanal, and the Delaware River. This study Is expected to involve aboutfive years of scientific work, with preliminary results published onthe basis of the f irst one and two years of work. It should includeamong its objectives the description of the Bay's physical and biological resources, and the establishment of practical predictive models.

There Is a need for information on the natural state of the Dela-ware Bay and its surroundings to form the basis for rational decisionson uti lization. This need is recognized by most of those concernedwith the conservation, regulat ion, or development of Delaware's CoastalZone. It is made more acute by present and proposed projects destinedto affect the system. Among these are: an ensemble of off-shoredevelopments associated with deep-draft vessels, the Tocks IslandReservoir, the enlargement of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, theinstallation of waste treatment plants at Phi ladelphia and In Kentand lower Sussex Counties, and the Salem Nuclear Generating Station.

AI I of these projects have supporting engineering studiesassociated with them and some have ecological surveys as wei I. Thedifficulty is that these studies have restricted themselves in the

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past to the immediate vicinity of a project and have no t related tothe Bay as an interdependent system. In addition, a comprehensive,integrated study of th e Bay has been to o c o ~ t l y and time consumingto charge to anyone project - especially when many separately fundedprojects would ut i lize th e information; nevertheless, there is anecessity to establish a sc ie n tific b aselin e defining the p resen tcondition of th e Bay and River as an interrelated system. The studyestablishing this baseline should be of such a nature as to shedsubstantial light on the dynamics of th e system and to form the basisfo r practical predictive models of the Delaware River-Bay complex.

The Baseline Study wi I I provide th e basis for a systematic reviewof al I projects involving th e principal water bodies of Delaware'sCoastal Zone. It wi I I not relieve individual development projects ofth e need for intensive local studies bu t wi I I provide a context inwhich these local evaluations can be seen in rela tio n to the CoastalZone as a whole.

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VI I. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT STRUCTUREA. Need for a Coastal Zone Management Structure

THE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT A FOCAL POINT FOR COASTAL ZONEMANAGEMENT BE ESTABLISHED IN THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE STATE G O V E R N ~ ~ E N T .

This report has delineated the significance of the Coastal Zone tothe people of Delaware. It has also discussed Its special vulnerabilityto rapid degradation unless proper steps are taken. Many of thesesteps were outlined In previous chapters of this report and Include theneed to recognize Its Importance, to define its extent for administrativepurposes, to enact suitable legislation, to regulate its use for theoptimum benefit of the public, and to acquire areas of special importance.

In addit ion, there is an urgent need to Improve the presentstructure In the State Government for the management of Delaware'sCoastal Zone.

The Federal Government, spurred by the recent Stratton CommissionReport, has been Increasingly recognizing the importance of the CoastalZone and the major role which the States should playas a link between theFederal Government and the counties and municipalities. Other Statesare moving in the direction of strengthened State Coastal Zone management.

Whl Ie Delaware Is a small State, i t lies along one of the mostimportant estuaries on the East Coast for industry and contains one of

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th e most attractiv e shorelines along th e Atlantic Ocean fo r recreation.These re cr ea tio na l are as a re conveniently accessible to the mi II ions ofpeople living in th e Eastern MegalopolIs. Rapidly building competingpressures fo r th e use of this Coastal Zone strongly suggest that th eState must strengthen it s organizational capabi lity to res ol ve m u lt ip leuser conflicts and to protect and enhance th e value of th e State's CoastalZone.B. Responsibi l i t i es of NREC

IN VIEW OF NREC'S EXISTING RESPONSIBILITIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OFNATURAL RESOURCES AND THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT, THE TASK FORCERECOMMENDS THAT NREC BE DESIGNATED AS THE PRINCIPAL STATE AGENCYRESPONSIBLE FOR COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT.

I t is recommended that th e Coastal Zone management responsibi l i t i esof th e NREC be as follows:

Provide fo r th e formulation and periodic updating of a masterplan fo r th e u tilizatio n of coastal and estuarine waters and lands.

Encourage th e planned development of these areas in th e publicinterest and in accordance with th e master plan. This includes th e authorityto provide ei t her directly, or to encourage through another governmentagency or the p ri va te sector, th e development of such public faci l i t i e sas beaches, marinas and o th er r ec re at io na l or waterfront developments;and to lease off-shore areas.

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Resolve Coastal Zone multiple use conflicts through such publicprocesses as regulations, permits, zoning, and land acquisition.

Insure the necessary expansion of research capabi lity to adequatelymanage the Coastal Zone. This capabi lity should make maximum use of existingcompetence In the academic, private, and governmental sectors avai lable forthis purpose.

Represent and reconci Ie the Interests of Delaware with other states,existing interstate organizations, and the Federal Government in thedevelopment of a master plan for Delaware's Coastal Zone and in other mattersre la ting to the management of the Coastal Zone.C. State Management of Transportati9n in the Delaware River and Bay

THE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT CONSIDERATION BE GIVEN TO RECONSTITUTINGTHE WILMINGTON MARINE TERMINAL UNDER STATE MANAGEMENT WITH RESPONSIBILITYAND AUTHORITY FOR ALL PORT FACILITIES IN THE STATE, INCLUDING THE LOWERBAY. THIS RECOMMENDATION IS PROPOSED BECAUSE IT IS THE SENSE OF THE TASKFORCE THAT THE ENTIRE LOWER DELAWARE BAY IS ITSELF A MAJOR PORT IN TERMSOF TRAFFIC, TRANS-SHIPMENT AND LIGHTERING OPERATIONS WITHIN DELAWARESTATE BOUNDARIES.

A revision of the charter of the Wi Imington Marine Terminal would allowthe revised organization to Institute controls and monitoring operations onthe current activity in the Delaware portion of the lower and upper partof the bay as well as any future established activity within State jurisdiction.

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D. Coastal Zone Interagency Coordlnatir.g MechanismIN VIEW OF SEVERAL STATE AGENCIES ALREADY INVOLVED IN COASTAL ZONE

ACTIVITIES AND THE NEED TO COORDINATE THE ACTIVITIES OF THESE AGENCIES,THE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT THE GOVERNOR ESTABLISH AN INTERAGENCYCOORDINATING MECHANISM FOR STATE COASTAL ZONE ACTIVITIES AND THAT HEBE RESPONSIBLE FOR DESIGNATING ITS CHAIRMAN.

E. Coastal Zone Advisory CouncilTHE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT THE GOVERNOR ESTABLISH A COASTAL ZONE

ADVISORY COUNCIL TO ADVISE THE GOVERNOR AND ALL PERTINENT STATE ORGANIZA-TIONS. THIS COUNCIL SHOULD PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF THECOASTAL ZONE ON SUCH SUBJECTS AS SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, LAW, ECONOMICS,ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, RECREATION, COMMERCIAL FISHERIES, WATER SUPPLYAND QUALITY, AND MARINE TRANSPORTATION. IT SHOULD PROVIDE A CONTINUOUSMEANS FOR FURNISHING GUIDANCE FROM THE ACADEMIC, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIALSECTORS, FROM THE COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES, FROM PRIVATE AGENCIES, ANDTHE PUBLIC.

THE TASK FORCE RECOMMENDS THAT THE PRESENT GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL ONSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COMPRISE THE NUCLEUS OF THE PROPOSED COASTAL ZONEADVISORY COUNCIL IN ORDER TO MINIMIZE THE EXISTING NUMBER OF ADVISORYCOUNCILS AND DUPLICATION OF EFFORT. THE TASK FORCE FURTHER RECOMMENDSTHAT THE MiSSiON OF THE PRESENT GOVERNOR'S COUNCIL ON SCIENCE ANDTECHNOLOGY BE REVISED TO INCLUDE THE COASTAL ZONE OBJECTIVES CITED ABOVE,THAT THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE PRESENT COUNCIL BE BROADENED TO MEET THESENEW RESPONSIBILITIES, AND THAT THE NAME BE CHANGED TO REFLECT THISEXPANDED SCOPE.

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1. Function of the Advisory CouncilThe functions of the Coastal Zone Advisory Council would Include

the fo I lowing:Review and advise on updating the long range (i .e. in theorder of 10 years or more) objectives of Coastal Zone programs.Assess current levels of activity in terms of accomplishingthe long range objectives.Offer guidance and recommend Important new Coastal Zone programsand facil i t ies , making effective use of the competence of bothprivate and government organizations.

2. Membersh ip of the Adv isory Counc i IIt is recommended th at this Advisory Councl I consist of official

members representing private enterprise, the counties and municipalities,the academic community, private agencies, and the pub lic. The chairmanshould be selected from outside the Government. In addition to theofficial members, representatives of the State and Federal Governmentshould be designated liaison members. This would assure that the committeewas aware of the programs and problems of the Government agencies. AI Imembers should be appointed by the Governor and should serve staggeredterms. This committee should be supported by an appropriate staff.

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THE COASTAL ZONEOFDELAWARE 1971

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Coastal Zone Management for Delaware