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PRESENTED BY
#ideaworld
Coaching Science: Enhancing Performance & Skill Acquisition in Your Clients
Scott Hopson & Hayley Hollander
PURPOSETo upgrade human performance & connection through enhanced coach communication practices.
LEARNING STYLES & INFLUENCESLearning styles vary from client to client. Having the ability to deliver instruction and cueing that maps to all the sensory systems is vital to create environments of transformation.
COACHING TASKSTasks are relatable and represent something tangible to each individual. When we coach tasks, we expedite movement execution, give context, and allow ourselves to coach a subconscious response in our client.
EXTERNAL CUEINGImmediate performance, increased power & force production, skill acquisition, and movement kinematics are just a few of the benefits that come when we use external cueing. When clients see immediate success in their execution of movement they are motivated to push to the next level.
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Learning Styles & Influences
Visual (spatial)Aural (auditory-musical)Verbal (linguistic)Physical (kinesthetic)Logical (mathematical)Social (interpersonal)Solitary (intrapersonal)
Dominant (preferred) and overlapping
pathways
AuditoryLearner
KinestheticLearner
VisualLearner
Auditory Kinesthetic
Learner VisualAuditory
KinestheticLearner
Auditory Visual
Learner
VisualKinesthetic
Learner
Five Elements Impacting Learning Styles
Environmental Sociological Emotional Physiological Psychological
Visual LearnersVast majority of the population are visually dominant learners
Increased in a hyper-dominant visual and hypo-dominant tactile world
Secondly, visual information processed by the brain much quicker.
Kinesthetic LearnersDefined as Kinesthetic or Tactile
Whole body learning, using the body to create or do something. Done through experience or simulation.
• DEMONSTRATION• KINESICS• PROXEMICS• ENVIRONMENT• EMOTIONS
VISUAL AUDITORY
• TALKING• PARALANGUAGE• ENVIRONMENT• INTERNAL V.
EXTERNAL CUES
KINESTHETIC
• PERFORMING & EXPERIENCING• SIMULATION OR
COMPARISONS• ENVIRONMENT• SPEED & RHYTHM
Attentional Focus
Impacts
• Immediate performance• Learning (skill acquisition, skill
improvement)• Balance• Movement efficiency (EMG studies &
muscular activity)• Force production• Speed & endurance• Movement kinematics
Attentional Focus
Internal focus induces a conscious type of control, causing
individuals to constrain their motor system by interfering with automatic control processes.
External focus promotes a more automatic mode of control by utilizing unconscious, fast, and reflexive control
processes.
Internal Cues
• Referenced to anatomy.
• Directs’ the client to focus their attention on the body movements associated with the skill.
• Thought to disrupt movement and control because the client has to ‘consciously’ organize their body.
“ bend your hip and knees” “extend your hips”.
External Cues
• Reference to the environment• Provides a visual metaphor• Tangible & kinesthetic to prior
experiences.• Creates a subconscious reaction
• Improved balance and suprapostural tasks.• Enhanced expression of force and velocity. • Quicker change of direction speed.• Efficiency of sport skills with an implement (e.g., darts, golf, tennis, and soccer) • Improved sport skills without an implement (e.g., vertical and horizontal jumping) • Increased speed & endurance (e.g., swimming, running, sprinting, and agility).• Short term & long –term learning and skill retention.
BENEFITS
TASKS
• Give Context
• Can be connected to visual examples• Allow a person to take immediate
action
• Subconscious response
• Create external cueing
SPRINT SQUAT PUSH UP PULL UP
INTERNAL INTERNAL INTERNAL
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INTERNAL
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• Flex your hip• Keep your spine long• Drive your foot back
EXTERNAL
• Break the glass• Show your superwoman
logo• Punch the ground
• Brace your core• Squeeze your glutes• Get hips below knees
• Zip up your jacket• Belt bucket forward when
you stand• Sit in the chair
EXTERNAL
• Squeeze your chest• Engage your abs• Don’t sway your back
EXTERNAL
• Push the ground away• Move like a surfboard• Keep the glass on the
table
• Squeeze your shoulder blades down and back
• Relax your neck muscles• Engage your coreEXTERNAL• Reach the bar to the ceiling• Punch to the ground• Don’t lose the tug of war
VISUAL AUDITORY KINESTHETIC COMBINED
USE THE MOST WITH AWARENESS
AS NEEDED WITH CONTRAST
SLOW WITH RHYTHM
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FILTER & EXCHANGE
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COACHING & CUEING
Dominant communication pathway, given in demo, body language, gestures, expressions, & emotions.
Anchor to paralanguage practices. Unique opportunity to enunciate important points & attach emotions to words. External v. Internal cues
Happens after visual/auditory coaching. Remain quiet allow the learner to absorb, feel, & experience.
Implement applied communication process, then integrate a variety of ways based on learner.
• Varied learning preferences requires varied coaching delivery• Recognize patterns and preferences within your clients and deliver communication needs
based on their individual needs and successes.• Whole person learning leads to empowerment• Tasks create subconscious reaction
• External cues have higher skill acquisition and show enhanced performance.
• External cues align with the verbal delivery of coaching.
• Map your visual cues to the external cue and allow your para-language to make the external cues come to life.
Summary