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ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Clean Space A new cross-cutting initiative of ESA
The Clean Space Team 15/04/2013
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 2
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Index
Introduction Clean Space Branch 3 Space debris mitigation Branch 4 Space debris remediation
Implementation Conclusions
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 3
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
ESA, with the Clean Space initiative, will give a pro-active answer to the environmental challenges both on ground and in space, including
its own operations as well as operations performed by European space industry in the frame of ESA programmes
Concerns on the sustainability of the exploitation of space:
Risk due to space debris News headlines worldwide (impact on the image of the space sector as a whole)
Introduction
Environmental concerns lead to: New legislations (REACH, RoHS, LOS) Competitive advantage due to green technologies Pressure on the space industry (risk of supply chain disruptions; requests from customers, operator clients, employees)
ACTION IS NECESSARY TO TRANSFORM THREATS INTO OPPORTUNITIES
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 4
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Clean Space
Clean Technologies
"contribute to the reduction of the environmental
impact of space programmes,
taking into account the overall life-cycle
and the management
of residual waste
and pollution resulting from space activities"
Clean technologies
Eco-Design to evaluate the environmental impact and
monitor legislation risk
Green technologies – green propulsion, green
electronics, new materials and processes
Technologies to support debris mitigation
Technologies for active debris removal
Studies to improve
understanding
Green technologies
Space Debris
Branch 1
Branch 2
Branch 4
Branch 3
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 5
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Guaranteeing the future of space activities by protecting the environment
Objective of the Clean Space Initiative
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 6
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation Sus
tain
abili
ty o
f sp
ace
expl
oita
tion •Simulations show that the
number of debris keeps growing even if no further objects are launched
•World-wide actions by active debris removal (~5 objects per year)
•Risk of in-orbit collisions is increasing (e.g. Iridium-Cosmos)
•Substantial increase of the number of Collision Avoidance Manoeuvres
•Risk of an ESA satellites encountering a catastrophic collision in the next 50 years between ~7.5% and ~11%
On
grou
nd s
afet
y •Uncontrolled re-entry of debris causes a risk for on-ground safety
Inno
vatio
n •Innovative technologies (e.g. capture, sensors) are necessary, synergies with other applications (e.g. satellite servicing, capturing asteroids)
•Possibility of new market for ADR
Why 1/2
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 7
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
On average, 50 objects need to be removed to prevent one collision, optimised by selecting density hot-spots (in high altitudes) Criteria for removal should be (a combination of): – Collision probability [cross-section, population density] – Altitude of the target orbit [lifetime of fragments] – Mass of the target
Delays in starting ADR activities make ADR less effective
Why 2/2
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 8
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Develop technologies for space debris rendezvous, capture and re-entry
Adopting a system approach, technology developments are planned to be focused on a mission for the controlled de-orbit of heavy objects Place European industry at a forefront position on anticipated future markets
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation Objectives
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 9
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Target Selection: metrics
Orbit
Risk of collision
Risk of ground casualty
RDV and capture
Applicability to other targets
Legal issues
Consequence of damage caused by the ADR mission
Type
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 10
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation
10
How? Recent and on-going activities
Technologies
•SMART-OLEV •Conexpress •RObotic GEostationary orbit Restorer (ROGER)
•Three Ariadna research studies on novel space debris removal concepts (foams, ion beam shepherd, hybridsail), 2010-11
•SysNova, June-December 2012
Concurrent Design Facilities studies
•Envisat De-Orbit, March 2011 •e.Deorbit, September 2012
Technology and system studies
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 11
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Orbit
Robotic arm
Net Clamping mechanisms
Ion-beam shepherd
Capture techniques
Recent and Ongoing ESA Activities e.Deorbit – system options
Chemical (CP) Electrical (EP)
Re-orbit to >2000 km De-orbit to <600 km Controlled re-entry
Propulsion
Others (harpoon, clamp, etc.)
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 12
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Rigid connections (push)
Soft connections (pull)
Point contact
Multiple / distributed contacts
Recent and Ongoing ESA Activities e.Deorbit – selection of capture technology
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 13
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Mature ADR technologies: - Adapt and upgrade existing sensor suit to perform rendezvous with un-cooperative target - Evaluate capture mechanisms (i.e. net, harpoon, clamping, robotic arm) and promote technology maturation - Control of stack after capture, push or pulling approaches must be studied and developed - Verification & Validation framework
System approach targeting an ESA S/C controlled re-entry: - Phase A and B1 mission design - Service oriented approach to ADR
Study alternative approaches for other targets: - Stabilisation of tumbling targets - Ion Beam Shepherd
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation How?
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 14
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Recent and Ongoing ESA Activities
Preliminary system design for most promising options, identify the required technology roadmap, and investigate its (their) applicability to other ESA missions Assessment of feasibility, programmatic, risk and cost aspects of a mission for the controlled de-orbiting and re-entry of a large, massive, un-cooperative target in SSO, using technologies analysed in previous CDF studies (e.g. tentacles, robotic arm, net)
Initial orbit (300 x 300 km)
Launch
Phasing
Rendezvous
Perigee lowering burns
Capture Target
De-orbit burn
Controlled Re-Entry
Commissioning
Target orbit
e.Deorbit
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 15
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Branch 4 Space Debris Remediation Roadmap
2020 2021
DLR
2019
TEC
Cle
an S
pace
- B
ranc
h 4
SSO
C M2018… 2014 2015 2017C M2012 2013C M2011 2016
GSP ROGER
e.DeorbitCDF Study
Phase A
PRR SRR
Other technologies - Tumbling modelling, Detumbling solutions, Ion Beam Shepherd
DEOS Phase A/B1
C/D/E1 KO
Vision Based Navigation - Image recognition
Vision Based Navigation - Sensors development
Advanced GNC
Envisat De-orbit CDF Fast -track
Operational Capility for Exploration
< TRL 4
> TRL 4
Projects
Other
OperationalCapability
Capture mechanism development and test
DEOS Robotic Arm development and testing
DEOS Phase B2/C/D
GSP - Assessment of service oriented approach
PDR
Decision
Phase B1
PDR
Phase B2
CDR
Phase C
Standard approach
CDR Phase D
Launch
Service oriented approach (to be defined) Launch
QR
Launch
Launch
GSP - debris mitigation aspects for ESA
missions
CleanSpace One - Phase A Technology development
Proba 3
CleanSpace One Phase B/C/D
Identification of ADR system validation and verification requirements
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 16
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Step-wised approach to the implementation of Clean Space roadmaps Selected activities have been proposed for implementation in 2013-2014 through ESA technology programmes Discussions with European partners to exploit synergies is on-going Talks with international partners for possible cooperation on ADR mission have been initiated
Clean Space implementation
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 17
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Priority activities, over the period 2013 to 2016, amounting to about 60 M€
Branch 1 - Eco Design 4-6 Meuro
Branch 2- Green Technologies 10-15 Meuro
Branch 3 - Debris Mitigation 15-20 Meuro
Branch 4 – Debris Remediation 15-20 Meuro
Financial aspects
Clean Space implementation
ESA Presentation | 17/04/2013| Slide 18
ESA UNCLASSIFIED – For Official Use
Conclusions
The Clean Space initiative is a cross-cutting theme within ESA's Technology programmes aiming at making ESA an exemplary agency in terms of terrestrial and space environmental protection containing technology activities presented grouped in roadmaps and proposing a series of technologies which will allow European space industry to:
effectively use resources implement regulations mitigate risks
willing to turn an apparent threat into an opportunity for the entire space sector
Luisa Innocenti Head of Clean Space Office Email: [email protected] T: +33 1 53 69 73 52
For further information Clean Space website: esa.int/TEC/Clean_Space/ Email: [email protected]
Thank you