Classification of Matter

HAPPY FRIDAYYYYYY

Physical Science

Please leave computers closed

right now

What is Matter?????

ANYTHING, that has mass and

volume (takes up space)

How could you sort these and classify them?:

A bin of markers?

A deck of cards?

A lot filled with new cars?

HOW WOULD YOU CLASSIFY THESE TYPES OF MATTER?

How Do We Classify Matter in Science?????

Scientists like to classify things.

It wouldn’t help too much to just classify matter based on their color or smell….

One way that scientists classify matter is by its composition (what it is made of).

Ultimately, all matter can be classified as Mixtures or Pure Substances.

Classifying MATTER- we must

start by knowing that …….

The building blocks of all matter

are elements (like on the periodic

table)

Atoms are the smallest unit of

an element that maintains the

properties of that element

For example,

one atom of gold (Au) is

still gold, but if you

broke the atom into

smaller pieces,

it wouldn’t be gold

Pure Substances

An Element is a pure substances

made of only one type of atom

For example,

O2 C Ca He

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Pure Substances

Compounds

A compound is a substance that

is made from the atoms of two

or more elements that are

chemically combined.

Examples: NaCl (salt)

H2O (water)

Classification of Matter

by Composition

All matter can be classified into two

categories: Pure Substances or

Mixtures

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Classification of Matter

by Composition

A pure substance is a single

substance with fixed composition

and constant properties

Gold, Calcium, Hydrogen, Sugar

Salt, Calcium Carbonate

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Classifying Pure Substances

Mixtures

Homogeneous

(Solutions)

Heterogeneous

SuspensionColloid

PURE

SUBSTANCE

COMPOUND ELEMENT

Pure Substances

An Element is a pure substances

made of only one type of atom

For example,

O2 C Ca He

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Pure Substances

Compounds

A compound is a substance that

is made from the atoms of two

or more elements that are

chemically combined.

Examples: NaCl (salt)

H2O (water)

Classifying Mixtures

Mixtures

Homogeneous

(Solutions)

Heterogeneous

SuspensionColloid

Classification of Mixtures

homogeneous = mixture that has

uniform composition throughout

AKA: Solution

Every piece of a sample has identical

characteristics, though another sample

with the same components may have

different characteristics.

atoms or molecules mixed uniformly

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Homogeneous Mixtures

(Solutions) • Solutions

– Appear Uniform

– Mixed particles are dissolved and so small that they don’t reflect light (scattering).

– Nothing settles out over time.

– Nothing filters out.

– Can be in solid, liquid, or gas form!

Examples of homogeneous mixtures

Milk, toothpaste, and mayonnaise are homogeneous mixtures.

Classifying Mixtures

Mixtures

Homogeneous

(Solutions)

Heterogeneous

SuspensionColloid

Classification of Mixtures

heterogeneous = mixture that does not

have uniform composition throughout–

you can see the different parts

contains regions within the sample with

different characteristics

atoms or molecules not mixed uniformly

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Heterogeneous mixtures You can see the particles that make

it up.

Sand and pebbles

Oil and water

Cereal

Heterogeneous Mixtures – 2 types Heterogeneous

• Colloids

– Looks uniform but particles aren’t really dissolved. Particles are still large enough to scatter light. Looks cloudy when light goes through it.

• Suspensions – Don’t look uniform,

filters, settles out over time, and particles scatter light.

Heterogeneous Mixtures – 2 types Heterogeneous or solution (homogeneous)?

• How can we tell if a mixture is truly homogeneous or heterogeneous?

• SHINE A LIGHT THROUGH IT AND YOU WILL KNOW!

Tyndall Effect This is the scattering

of light reflecting off

little particles.

Solution: cannot see

beam of light

Heterogeneous: you

can see beam of light

(reflecting off litte

particles)

Density

Density –

More dense objects will sink when

compared to less dense objects.

What do you think has the highest

density?

WATER, OIL, MOLASSES?

Good Morning!! For your warmup, please

use your notes to figure out

the matching section of the

handout (back of sheet)

Also, if you have any

pennies with you, please

donate during the class….

Density

Density – How much

matter is contained in

a certain volume

D=mass/volume

What is more dense,

a cup of unpopped

popcorn kernels or a

cup of popped

popcorn?

You will need

*Graduated Cylinder

*Pennies

*Paper Towels

*One lab sheet per pair

Please be sure to dry your

pennies after you take them out

of the water.