CIFE Summer Program September 11, 2008

CIFE Summer ProgramSeptember 11, 2008CIFE Summer ProgramSeptember 11, 2008

A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes

Reid Senescu and John HaymakerCenter for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University

A Methodology for Communicating Design Processes

Reid Senescu and John HaymakerCenter for Integrated Facility Engineering, Stanford University

Reid Senescu and John Haymaker Copyright 2008

Two case studies from theTwo case studies from theStanford Graduate School of Business

Problem Statement


Sustainability case study reveals:Sustainability case study reveals:

Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision

Actual Process Failed

Designers struggle to share processes

Structure: Steel Concrete

Material Responsibility ? ?

Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle Assessment

Embodied Energy

Steel Concrete

Results:

Discussion Forum

Analysis Results

No Results = Stakeholder goals not met

Problem Statement

Successful Process Existed


Sustainability case study reveals:Sustainability case study reveals:

Steel vs. Concrete Structure Decision

Actual Process Failed Successful Process Existed

Designers struggle to share processes

Structure: Steel Concrete

Material Responsibility ? ?

Lacked ability to perform model based Life Cycle Assessment

Embodied Energy

Steel Concrete

Results:

Discussion Forum

Analysis Results

No Results = Stakeholder goals not met

Problem Statement

Take away from this case study:

– I could not find a design processto meet stakeholder goals

– Even though this process had already been used in my firm


Day lighting case study reveals:Day lighting case study reveals:

Observed Louver Configuration Design Process

Designers struggle to understand processes

Input: Architecture Model

Output: Day Light Video

– Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Configurations

– Total Design Time Per Option:30 hours

– Non-Value Added Time Per Option: 15 hours

Problem Statement

Time Per Design Task


Day lighting case study reveals:Day lighting case study reveals:

Observed Louver Configuration Design Process

Designers struggle to understand processes

Input: Architecture Model

Output: Day Light Video

– Options Considered : 2-3 Louver Configurations

– Total Design Time Per Option:24 hours

– Non-Value Added Time Per Option: 16 hours

Problem Statement

Time Per Design Task

Take away from this case study:

– Process is often repeated

– Process is inefficient.

– No investment in improving process

– ….until principals saw this slide


The Big Idea:The Big Idea:Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform

Communicate Integrate VisualizeShare processes Mix & customize processes Process metrics

Understand processes Automate processes Solution spaces


My contribution:My contribution:Web-based Collaborative Process Integration Platform

Communicate Integrate VisualizeShare processes Mix & customize processes Process metrics

Understand processes Automate processes Solution spaces


OutlineOutline

Intuition Story Research Question Research Method Expected Contributions Discussion


Process integration platformProcess integration platform

Project: Stanford Graduate School of Business Organization: Day Lighting Consultant Options: Two atrium shapes Goals: Reduce energy use; achieve good day

light; be beautiful.

A scenario to explain the tool

Intuition


LegendLegendNarrative convention (Haymaker, 2006)

Information Dependency

Automated

Manual

What does the information look like?

Barrel color indicates the status of the source information.Green = up-to-dateRed = not updated

Tool Used

Intuition


A proposed platformA proposed platformDesigners organize design problem (Haymaker, 2006)

Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of BusinessProcess Integration Platform

Intuition


Designer observes other’s designDesigner observes other’s design

Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business

Process Integration Platform

Intuition


Designer starts lighting analysisDesigner starts lighting analysisby searching for appropriate processes

Arup 130676: Stanford Graduate School of Business


SEARCH RESULTS

Intuition


PROCESS INFO

Project: Arup 9876 Office BuildingProjects With This ProcessProcess Type: Day LightSoftware RequiredDeveloper: Robert ColeProcess Used: 2 timesLinks Copied: 31 timesUsed Most By: Engin AyazOther Users of this ProcessMore Usage Details


Arup 9478: Greendale Apartment Unit

jrogers: Should we invest in automating this process?Normanrock: Yes, I’ll send a meeting request to divide up the work.

COMMENTS

a

b

PROCESS INFO

Project: Arup E Cubed LabProjects With This ProcessProcess Type: Day LightSoftware RequiredDeveloper: Robert ColeProcess Used: 2 timesLinks Copied: 31 timesUsed Most By: Engin AyazOther Users of this ProcessMore Usage DetailsSEARCH RESULTSSEARCH RESULTS

PROCESS USAGE

Range,Average

Iteration Time (hrs)

8 to 40,22

# of Iterations 1 to 15, 3

Designer evaluates search resultDesigner evaluates search resultAnd chooses two appropriate processes

Intuition


Save information to processSave information to process


Intuition


Use process to produce resultsUse process to produce results


Intuition


Research QuestionResearch Question

What is a design process sharing methodology?

How does implementing this methodology affect design process efficiency and effectiveness?

Research Question


ProcessModelingProcessModeling

Human Computer Interaction


KnowledgeManagementKnowledge

Management

Research MethodResearch Method

1. Synthesize literature in other fields and verify with survey and case studies in AEC.

2. Develop methodology for design process sharing.

3. Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology.

4. Measure the effect of this methodology on AEC design processes.

Research Method


ProcessModelingProcessModeling




Management

Develop characteristicsDevelop characteristicsfor the design process sharing methodology

Transparent

IncentivizingUsableComputableScalable

SearchableModular

Sharable

Research Method

From Survey– User-Friendly

– Crowd-Sourcing

– Information Referencing

– Broad

– Searchable

From Case Studies– Scalable

– Modular

– Transparent

From Literature:


Process model characteristicsProcess model characteristics

Transparent Quickly and accurately understood by all

Modular “Creative solutions are built from the recombination of existing ideas” (Hargadon & Bechky 2006)

Searchable Algorithms that predict users’ intent by self-learning

Usable Intuitive, embedded in design process

Scalable From analyzing the entire campus to an individual steel connection

Sharable Easy setting of access privileges, a standard for communicating processes

Incentivized To use processesTo develop new processes

Computable Capable of driving processes automatically

Research Method


AEC DesignProcess

ModelingProcessModeling




Management

AEC Design

Research MethodResearch Method

1. Synthesize literature in other fields and verify with survey and case studies in AEC.

2. Develop methodology for design process sharing.

3. Develop a web-based collaborative tool to test the methodology.

4. Measure the effect of this methodology on AEC design processes.

Methodology

Research Method


Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesProposed breakdown of modeling tasks

PLAN MODEL POST-PROCESS


Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesPLAN tasks


Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesMODEL tasks


Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing ProcessesPOST-PROCESS tasks


Efficiency is measured by timing process tasks

Measure Existing ProcessesMeasure Existing Processes

Research Method

Effectiveness is measured by MACDADI value of design

Non-Value Added Tasks = No Color

Value Added Tasks = Color%50

30

15

hrs

hrs

TimeTotal

TimeAddedValueEfficiency 58.0 ValueMACDADIessEffectiven

assessmentspreferencegoalsfValueMACDADI ,,


Introduce a new processIntroduce a new processor collect processes from around the world

Post the processes on a website.

Research Method


Measure the differenceMeasure the differencebefore & after the use of the tool

RESEARCH METHODRESEARCH METHOD


Efficiency 30% mostly b/c transfer/filter time 11 hrs.

Contributions to KnowledgeContributions to Knowledge

Question 2: How does implementing this methodology affect process efficiency & effectiveness?

AEC Design

Question 1: What is a design process sharing methodology?

Methodology Applied to AEC Design

ContributionA methodology for communicating processes supported by evidence of its impact on

the efficiency and effectiveness of design processes in AEC.

Design value remained constant, so effectiveness unchanged

Expected Contribution


Expected impact on industryExpected impact on industry

Lay the foundation for continuous improvements in design process efficiency and effectiveness

Which permit improvedmulti-disciplinary design optimization

Which is essential for improving the sustainability of the built environment.

Expected Contribution


Sir Ove Arup founded his practice in London in 1946 based on a belief in

‘total design’ — the integration of the design process and the

interdependence of all the professions involved, the creative nature of

engineering, the value of innovation and the social purpose of design.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements


Data SchemaData Schema


Product Data SchemaProduct Data SchemaProduct*

File Name*Software FormatSoftware VersionSuffixStatusPreview ReferenceContent Reference

Option Set Name*Option Name*

Continuous or DiscreteVersion Set Name*

Version Name*Object Set Name*

Object Name*


Organization Data SchemaOrganization Data SchemaOrganization*

CompanyTitleName


Process Data SchemaProcess Data SchemaProcess*

ActionInput Formats*Output Formats*Tool

Tool NameTool Version or LanguageTool Icon Reference

Time Metric 1Time Metric 2Time Metric 3Automation StatusInteroperability Reference


Graph Data SchemaGraph Data Schema

Node*Node IDProduct Reference*Organization Reference*Process Reference*Node Dependency*

IterativeContinuous

ViewProcess Perspective IDProcess TitleProcess DescriptionNode ID*

Node Location in the GUIVisualization Information(Details not shown here)

Documents

CIFE Summer Program September 11, 2008